Adrian Adolph Greenburg (March 3, 1903 – September 13, 1959), widely known mononymously as Adrian, was an American

costume designer A costume designer is a person who designs costumes for a film, stage production or television show. The role of the costume designer is to create the characters' outfits or costumes and balance the scenes with texture and colour, etc. The costum ...

whose most famous costumes were for ''

The Wizard of Oz ''The Wizard of Oz'' is a 1939 American Musical film, musical fantasy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). Based on the 1900 novel ''The Wonderful Wizard of Oz'' by L. Frank Baum, it was primarily directed by Victor Fleming, who left pro ...

'' and hundreds of

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. (also known as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures, commonly shortened to MGM or MGM Studios) is an American Film production, film and television production and film distribution, distribution company headquartered ...

films between 1928 and 1941. He was usually credited onscreen with the phrase "Gowns by Adrian". Early in his career he chose the professional name Gilbert Adrian, a combination of his father's forename and his own.

Early life

Adrian was born on March 3, 1903, in

Naugatuck, Connecticut Naugatuck ( ) is a consolidated borough (Connecticut), borough and town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The town, part of the Naugatuck Valley Planning Region, Connecticut, Naugatuck Valley Planning Region, had a population of ...

, to Gilbert and Helena (née Pollak) Greenburg. Adrian's father Gilbert was born in

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York New York may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * ...

and his mother Helena in

Waterbury, Connecticut Waterbury is a city in the U.S. state of Connecticut. Waterbury had a population of 114,403 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 Census. The city is southwest of Hartford, Connecticut, Hartford and northeast of New York City. Waterbury i ...

. Both sides of the family were

Jewish Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...

. Joseph Greenburg and his wife Frances were from Russia, while Adolph Pollak and Bertha (née Mendelsohn) Pollak were from Bohemia and Germany, respectively. In 1920, Adrian entered the New York School for Fine and Applied Arts (now

Parsons School of Design The Parsons School of Design is a private art and design college under The New School located in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of New York City. Founded in 1896 after a group of progressive artists broke away from established Manhattan art ...

). In 1922, he transferred to the NYSFAA Paris campus, and while there, he was contracted by

Irving Berlin Irving Berlin (born Israel Isidore Beilin; May 11, 1888 – September 22, 1989) was a Russian-born American composer and songwriter. His music forms a large part of the Great American Songbook. Berlin received numerous honors including an Acade ...

to design settings and costumes for Berlin's ''Music Box Revue of 1922–23'' in New York.

Career in Hollywood

The Wizard of Oz Lahr Garland Bolger Haley 1939

Adrian was brought to Hollywood in November 1924 by

Rudolph Valentino Rodolfo Pietro Filiberto Raffaello Guglielmi di Valentina d'Antonguella (May 6, 1895 – August 23, 1926), known professionally as Rudolph Valentino and nicknamed The Latin Lover, was an Italian actor who starred in several well-known sile ...

's wife Natacha Rambova to design costumes for ''The Hooded Falcon''. The Valentino company dissolved, and Adrian's first screen credit was for the Constance Talmadge comedy ''Her Sister from Paris''. In 1925, Adrian was hired as a costume designer by

Cecil B. DeMille Cecil Blount DeMille (; August 12, 1881January 21, 1959) was an American filmmaker and actor. Between 1914 and 1958, he made 70 features, both silent and sound films. He is acknowledged as a founding father of American cinema and the most co ...

's independent film studio. In 1928, DeMille moved to

, and Adrian was provisionally hired as a costume designer for M-G-M. After a few months, he signed a contract as head designer, ultimately remaining for thirteen years and 200 films. Adrian worked with the biggest female stars of the day:

Greta Garbo Greta Garbo (born Greta Lovisa Gustafsson; 18 September 1905 – 15 April 1990) was a Swedish-American actress and a premier star during Hollywood's Silent film, silent and early Classical Hollywood cinema, golden eras. Regarded as one of the g ...

Norma Shearer Edith Norma Shearer (August 11, 1902June 12, 1983) was a Canadian-American actress who was active on film from 1919 through 1942. Shearer often played spunky, sexually liberated women. She appeared in adaptations of Noël Coward, Eugene O'Neill, ...

Jeanette MacDonald Jeanette Anna MacDonald (June 18, 1903 – January 14, 1965) was an American soprano and actress best remembered for her musical films of the 1930s with Maurice Chevalier (''The Love Parade'', ''Love Me Tonight'', ''The Merry Widow (1934 film) ...

Jean Harlow Jean Harlow (born Harlean Harlow Carpenter; March 3, 1911 – June 7, 1937) was an American actress. Known for her portrayal of "bad girl" characters, she was the leading sex symbol of the early 1930s and one of the defining figures of the ...

Katharine Hepburn Katharine Houghton Hepburn (May 12, 1907 – June 29, 2003) was an American actress whose Katharine Hepburn on screen and stage, career as a Golden Age of Hollywood, Hollywood leading lady spanned six decades. She was known for her headstrong ...

and

Joan Crawford Joan Crawford (born Lucille Fay LeSueur; March 23, 190? was an American actress. She started her career as a dancer in traveling theatrical companies before debuting on Broadway theatre, Broadway. Crawford was signed to a motion-picture cont ...

. He designed twenty-eight Crawford films, eighteen Shearer films, and nine Harlow films. He worked with Garbo from 1928, when he arrived, until 1941, when both departed the company. The Eugénie hat he created for her film '' Romance'' became a sensation and influenced millinery styles. When Adrian emphasized Crawford's shoulders by designing outfits with

shoulder pads The human shoulder is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons. The articulations between the bones of the shoulder m ...

, these created a trend. Adrian was famous for

evening gown An evening gown, evening dress or gown is a long dress usually worn at formal occasions. The drop ranges from Ballerina skirt, ballerina (mid-calf to just above the ankles), Tea length, tea (above the ankles), to Skirt length, full-length. S ...

designs, a talent displayed in '' The Women''. Though filmed in black and white, ''The Women'' includes a

Technicolor Technicolor is a family of Color motion picture film, color motion picture processes. The first version, Process 1, was introduced in 1916, and improved versions followed over several decades. Definitive Technicolor movies using three black-and ...

fashion show of Adrian designs. Adrian was acclaimed for the period costumes of ''

Romeo and Juliet ''The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet'', often shortened to ''Romeo and Juliet'', is a Shakespearean tragedy, tragedy written by William Shakespeare about the romance between two young Italians from feuding families. It was among Shakespeare's ...

''; the extravagant costumes of ''

The Great Ziegfeld ''The Great Ziegfeld'' is a 1936 American musical film, musical drama film directed by Robert Z. Leonard and produced by Hunt Stromberg. It stars William Powell as the theatrical impresario Florenz Ziegfeld Jr., Florenz "Flo" Ziegfeld Jr., Lui ...

''; and the opulent gowns of '' Camille'' and ''

Marie Antoinette Marie Antoinette (; ; Maria Antonia Josefa Johanna; 2 November 1755 – 16 October 1793) was the last List of French royal consorts, queen of France before the French Revolution and the establishment of the French First Republic. She was the ...

''. Adrian insisted on the finest materials and workmanship for the execution of his designs, cultivating fabric manufacturers in Europe and New York. Adrian's best known film is ''

'', for which he designed the red-sequined

ruby slippers The ruby slippers are a pair of magical shoes worn by Dorothy Gale as played by Judy Garland in the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer musical film '' The Wizard of Oz''. Because of their iconic stature, they are as of December 2024 the most valuable it ...

worn by

Judy Garland Judy Garland (born Frances Ethel Gumm; June 10, 1922June 22, 1969) was an American actress and singer. Possessing a strong contralto voice, she was celebrated for her emotional depth and versatility across film, stage, and concert performance. ...

. Adrian left MGM on September 5, 1941, to open his own fashion firm. Adrian had contemplated leaving MGM for a year or two, upset with budgetary retrenchments caused by the

Great Depression The Great Depression was a severe global economic downturn from 1929 to 1939. The period was characterized by high rates of unemployment and poverty, drastic reductions in industrial production and international trade, and widespread bank and ...

and changes in public taste. He had a serious disagreement with director

George Cukor George Dewey Cukor ( ; July 7, 1899 – January 24, 1983) was an American film director and film producer, producer. He mainly concentrated on comedies and literary adaptations. His career flourished at RKO Pictures, RKO when David O. Selzn ...

, producer Bernard Hyman, and MGM head

Louis B. Mayer Louis Burt Mayer (; born Lazar Meir; July 12, 1884Mayer maintained that he was born in Minsk on July 4, 1885. According to Scott Eyman, the reasons may have been: * Mayer's father gave different dates for his birthplace at different times, so ...

over the style of costumes

should wear in the upcoming '' Two-Faced Woman'', which began preproduction about April 1941. Adrian apparently resolved to leave the studio after this disagreement. He notified MGM of his decision on July 16, 1941. Adrian's departure from the studio came as a shock to Louis B. Mayer. Adrian's last day was to have been August 15, but he offered to stay on to wrap up various projects. Mayer kept him on the payroll until September 5. Adrian was not terminated by MGM, nor did he resign; his three-year contract merely expired. Robert Kalloch, Columbia Pictures' chief costume and fashion designer, was named Adrian's replacement largely because his designs strongly resembled Adrian's. Adrian continued to design fashions for the occasional film project through the 1940s, most notably for '' Humoresque'' in 1946. He designed clothes for

for 17 years at MGM.

Sexuality and marriage

Adrian married

Janet Gaynor Janet Gaynor (born Laura Augusta Gainor; October 6, 1906 – September 14, 1984) was an American actress. She began her career as an extra in shorts and silent films. After signing with Fox Film Corporation (later 20th Century-Fox) in 1926, she ...

on August 14, 1939. Gaynor had been unmarried for six years since her previous marriage had ended. This relationship has been called a

lavender marriage A lavender marriage is a male–female mixed-orientation marriage, undertaken as a marriage of convenience to conceal the socially stigmatized sexual orientation of one or both partners. The term dates from the early 20th century and is used almo ...

, since Adrian was openly gay within the film community while Gaynor was rumored to be gay or bisexual. Both Adrian and Gaynor went on record to say they were happily married, and they remained so until his death in 1959. Gaynor and Adrian had one son, Robin (born July 6, 1940).

Designer of American fashion

In 1942, Adrian established Adrian, Ltd., at 233 North Beverly Drive, Beverly Hills, in the building formerly occupied by the Victor Hugo restaurant. (He had been courted by retailers to design for public sale but rebuffed those offers. In 1932, Macy's Cinema Shop had copied his work with the studio's tacit approval, much in the same way that department stores produced so-called "Paris fashions," which were unapproved copies of French couturiers' works.) He often worked with textile designer Pola Stout, in a famous collaboration that began in the 1940s. Adrian's fashion line filled the gap left by Paris, which could not export during the German occupation. American women responded to Adrian's clean-lined designs, and he exerted a strong influence on American fashion until the late 1940s. Adrian returned to MGM in 1952 for one film, ''

Lovely to Look At ''Lovely to Look At'' is a 1952 American musical romantic comedy film directed by Mervyn LeRoy, based on the 1933 Broadway musical ''Roberta''. Plot Broadway producers Al Marsh, Tony Naylor, and Jerry Ralby are desperately searching for invest ...

''. He was never nominated for an

Academy Award The Academy Awards, commonly known as the Oscars, are awards for artistic and technical merit in film. They are presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) in the United States in recognition of excellence ...

as the costume category did not exist during the time of his major work for the studios.

Illness, retirement, and death

Adrian was stricken with a heart attack in 1952. Because he never assigned work to assistants, preferring to do all drafts and designs himself, the business could not be continued under his name. Consequently, he was forced to close Adrian, Ltd. Adrian and his wife Janet bought a ''fazenda'' (ranch) in Anápolis, in the state of Goiás, in the interior of Brazil. They spent a few years developing it, frequently in the company of their friends Richard Halliday and

Mary Martin Mary Virginia Martin (December 1, 1913 – November 3, 1990) was an American actress and singer. A muse of Rodgers and Hammerstein, she originated many leading roles on stage over her career, including Nellie Forbush in ''South Pacific (musica ...

. In 1958, Adrian came out of retirement to design costumes for ''At the Grand'', a musical version of the 1932 film '' Grand Hotel'' that starred

Paul Muni Paul Muni (born Frederich Meshilem Meier Weisenfreund; September 22, 1895 – August 25, 1967) was an American stage and film actor from Chicago. He started his acting career in the Yiddish theater and during the 1930s, he was considered one of ...

and Viveca Lindfors and played only in Los Angeles and San Francisco. In 1959, Adrian was hired to design costumes for the upcoming Broadway musical ''

Camelot Camelot is a legendary castle and Royal court, court associated with King Arthur. Absent in the early Arthurian material, Camelot first appeared in 12th-century French romances and, since the Lancelot-Grail cycle, eventually came to be described ...

''. While at work on this project in his studio, Adrian suffered a fatal

heart attack A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when Ischemia, blood flow decreases or stops in one of the coronary arteries of the heart, causing infarction (tissue death) to the heart muscle. The most common symptom ...

. He was posthumously awarded the Tony Award for Best Costume Design in a Musical. He is buried in

Hollywood Forever Cemetery Hollywood Forever Cemetery is a full-service cemetery, funeral home, crematorium, crematory, and cultural events center which regularly hosts community events such as live music and summer movie screenings. It is one of the oldest cemeteries ...

.Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More than 14000 Famous Persons, Scott Wilson

Selected filmography

* ''Cobra'' (1925) * ''Her Sister from Paris'' (1925) * '' The Eagle'' (1925) * ''The Volga Boatman'' (1926) * ''Fig Leaves'' (1926) * '' For Alimony Only'' (1926) * ''Young April'' (1926) * ''Gigolo'' (1926) * '' The Little Adventuress'' (1927) * ''Vanity'' (1927) * ''His Dog'' (1927) * ''The Country Doctor'' (1927) * ''The Fighting Eagle'' (1927) * ''The Angel of Broadway'' (1927) * ''The Wise Wife'' (1927) * ''Dress Parade'' (1927) * ''The Forbidden Woman'' (1927) * ''The Wreck of the Hesperus'' (1927) * ''The Main Event'' (1927) * ''My Friend from India'' (1927) * ''

Chicago Chicago is the List of municipalities in Illinois, most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States. With a population of 2,746,388, as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the List of Unite ...

'' (1927) * ''Almost Human'' (1927) * '' A Ship Comes In'' (1928) * ''Let 'Er Go, Gallegher'' (1928) * ''What Price Beauty?'' (1928) * ''Stand and Deliver'' (1928) * ''The Blue Danube'' (1928) * ''Midnight Madness'' (1928) * ''Skyscraper'' (1928) * '' Walking Back'' (1928) * ''The Masks of the Devil'' (1928) * '' Dream of Love'' (1928) * '' A Lady of Chance'' (1928) * '' A Woman of Affairs'' (1928) * ''A Single Man'' (1929) * '' Wild Orchids'' (1929) * ''

The Bridge of San Luis Rey ''The Bridge of San Luis Rey'' is American author Thornton Wilder's second novel. It was first published in 1927 to worldwide acclaim. The novel won the Pulitzer Prize in 1928, and was the best-selling work of fiction that year. Premise ''The ...

'' (1929) * '' The Godless Girl'' (1929) * '' The Trial of Mary Dugan'' (1929) * '' The Last of Mrs. Cheyney'' (1929) * '' The Single Standard'' (1929) * '' Our Modern Maidens'' (1929) * '' The Unholy Night'' (1929) * '' The Thirteenth Chair'' (1929) * '' The Kiss'' (1929) * '' Untamed'' (1929) * ''

Dynamite Dynamite is an explosive made of nitroglycerin, sorbents (such as powdered shells or clay), and Stabilizer (chemistry), stabilizers. It was invented by the Swedish people, Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel in Geesthacht, Northern German ...

'' (1929) * '' Their Own Desire'' (1929) * ''

Devil-May-Care Devil May Care may refer to: Music * ''Devil May Care'', an album by Bob Dorough, 1956 * ''Devil May Care'' (album), by Teri Thornton, 1961 * ''Devil May Care'', an album by Claire Martin, 1993 * "The Devil May Care (Mom & Dad Don't)", a song b ...

'' (1929) * ''Marianne'' (1929) * '' Not So Dumb'' (1930) * ''

Anna Christie ''Anna Christie'' is a Play (theatre), play in four acts by Eugene O'Neill. It made its Broadway theatre, Broadway debut at the Vanderbilt Theatre on November 2, 1921. O'Neill received the 1922 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for this work. According ...

'' (1930) * ''A Lady to Love'' (1930) * '' A Lady's Morals'' (1930) * '' Montana Moon'' (1930) * '' This Mad World'' (1930) * '' The Divorcee'' (1930) * ''Redemption'' (1930) * ''

The Rogue Song ''The Rogue Song'' is a 1930 American pre-Code romantic and musical film that tells the story of a Russian bandit who falls in love with a princess, but takes his revenge on her when her brother rapes and kills his sister. The Metro-Goldwyn-May ...

'' (1930) * '' In Gay Madrid'' (1930) * '' The Lady of Scandal'' (1930) * ''The Florodora Girl'' (1930) * '' Our Blushing Brides'' (1930) * ''Let Us Be Gay'' (1930) * '' Romance'' (1930) * ''

Private Lives ''Private Lives'' is a 1930 comedy of manners in three acts by Noël Coward. It concerns a divorced couple who, while honeymooning with their new spouses, discover that they are staying in adjacent rooms at the same hotel. Despite a perpetuall ...

'' (1931) * ''

Possessed Possessed may refer to: Possession * Possession (disambiguation), having some degree of control over something else ** Spirit possession, whereby gods, demons, animas, or other disincarnate entities may temporarily take control of a human body *** ...

'' (1931) * '' A Free Soul'' (1931) * ''

Laughing Sinners ''Laughing Sinners'' is a 1931 American pre-Code Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer feature film starring Joan Crawford and Clark Gable in a story about a cafe entertainer who experiences spiritual redemption. The dialogue by Martin Flavin was based upon the ...

'' (1931) * '' Grand Hotel'' (1932) * '' Red Dust'' (1932) * '' Letty Lynton'' (1932) * '' Smilin' Through'' (1932) * ''

Huddle In sport, a huddle is the action of a team gathering together, usually in a tight circle, to strategize, motivate or celebrate. It is a popular strategy for keeping opponents insulated from sensitive information, and acts as a form of insulatio ...

'' (1932) * ''

Strange Interlude ''Strange Interlude'' is an experimental play in nine acts by American playwright Eugene O'Neill. It won the 1928 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. ''Strange Interlude'' is one of the few modern plays to make extensive use of a soliloquy technique, in ...

'' (1932) * '' Today We Live'' (1933) * '' Beauty for Sale'' (1933) * '' Stage Mother'' (1933) * '' Dinner at Eight'' (1933) * '' Queen Christina'' (1933) * '' The Cat and the Fiddle'' (1934) *'' Forsaking All Others'' (1934) * '' The Barretts of Wimpole Street'' (1934) * ''

The Merry Widow ''The Merry Widow'' ( ) is an operetta by the Austria-Hungary, Austro-Hungarian composer Franz Lehár. The Libretto, librettists, Viktor Léon and Leo Stein (writer), Leo Stein, based the story – concerning a rich widow, and her countrymen's ...

'' (1934) * ''Nana'' (1934) * '' Naughty Marietta'' (1935) * ''

Anna Karenina ''Anna Karenina'' ( rus, Анна Каренина, p=ˈanːə kɐˈrʲenʲɪnə) is a novel by the Russian author Leo Tolstoy, first published in book form in 1878. Tolstoy called it his first true novel. It was initially released in serial in ...

'' (1935) * ''

I Live My Life ''I Live My Life'' is a 1935 American comedy-drama film starring Joan Crawford, Brian Aherne and Frank Morgan. It is based on the story "Claustrophobia" by A. Carter Goodloe. Plot Bored socialite Kay Bentley travels to Greece on her wealthy f ...

'' (1935) * '' Rose Marie'' (1936) * '' Wife vs. Secretary'' (1936) * '' Love on the Run'' (1936) * ''

'' (1936) * ''

San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...

'' (1936) * '' The Gorgeous Hussy'' (1936) * ''

Born to Dance ''Born to Dance'' is a 1936 American musical film directed by Roy Del Ruth and starring Eleanor Powell, James Stewart and Virginia Bruce. It was produced and distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The score was composed by Cole Porter. Plot Wh ...

'' (1936) * '' Camille'' (1937) * '' Double Wedding'' (1937) * '' The Last of Mrs. Cheyney'' (1937) * '' Maytime'' (1937) * ''

Conquest Conquest involves the annexation or control of another entity's territory through war or Coercion (international relations), coercion. Historically, conquests occurred frequently in the international system, and there were limited normative or ...

'' (1937) * ''The Firefly'' (1937) * '' The Girl of the Golden West'' (1938) * ''

The Shopworn Angel ''The Shopworn Angel'' is a 1938 American drama film directed by H. C. Potter and starring Margaret Sullavan, James Stewart and Walter Pidgeon. The MGM release featured the second screen pairing of Margaret Sullavan and James Stewart followi ...

'' (1938) * '' Sweethearts'' (1938) * ''

'' (1938) * ''

'' (1939) * ''

Balalaika The balalaika (, ) is a Russian string instrument, stringed musical instrument with a characteristic triangular wooden, hollow body, fretted neck, and three strings. Two strings are usually tuned to the same note and the third string is a perf ...

'' (1939) * '' The Women'' (1939) * '' Strange Cargo'' (1940) * ''

New Moon In astronomy, the new moon is the first lunar phase, when the Moon and Sun have the same ecliptic longitude. At this phase, the lunar disk is not visible to the naked eye, except when it is silhouetted against the Sun during a solar eclipse. ...

'' (1940) * '' Susan and God'' (1940) * '' The Philadelphia Story'' (1940) * ''

Pride and Prejudice ''Pride and Prejudice'' is the second published novel (but third to be written) by English author Jane Austen, written when she was age 20-21, and later published in 1813. A novel of manners, it follows the character development of Elizabe ...

'' (1940) * '' Boom Town'' (1940) * '' When Ladies Meet'' (1941) * '' Two-Faced Woman'' (1941) * '' Ziegfeld Girl'' (1941) * ''

Woman of the Year ''Woman of the Year'' is a 1942 American romantic comedy drama film directed by George Stevens and starring Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn. The film was written by Ring Lardner Jr. and Michael Kanin (with uncredited work on the rewritte ...

'' (1942) * '' Flight for Freedom'' (1943) * ''

Shadow of a Doubt ''Shadow of a Doubt'' is a 1943 American psychological thriller film noir directed by Alfred Hitchcock, and starring Teresa Wright and Joseph Cotten. Written by Thornton Wilder, Sally Benson, and Alma Reville, the film was nominated for an A ...

'' (1943) * '' Slightly Dangerous'' (1943) * '' Humoresque'' (1946) * ''

'' (1947) * ''

Rope A rope is a group of yarns, Plying, plies, fibres, or strands that are plying, twisted or braided together into a larger and stronger form. Ropes have high tensile strength and can be used for dragging and lifting. Rope is thicker and stronger ...

'' (1948) * ''

'' (1952)

References

Bibliography

Adrian: A Lifetime of Movie Glamour, Art and High Fashion, by Author Leonard Stanley, Foreword by Robin Adrian, Text by Mark A. Vieira
* * * * *

External links

* * *

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adrian American costume designers California people in fashion 1903 births 1959 deaths Burials at Hollywood Forever Cemetery Jewish American artists Jewish fashion designers People from Hollywood, Los Angeles People from Naugatuck, Connecticut American people of Czech-Jewish descent American people of German-Jewish descent American people of Russian-Jewish descent Parsons School of Design alumni 20th-century American Jews LGBTQ fashion designers American LGBTQ artists LGBTQ Jews 20th-century French LGBTQ people