Adolf Szyszko-Bohusz (1 September 1883, in

Narva Narva is a municipality and city in Estonia. It is located in the Ida-Viru County, at the Extreme points of Estonia, eastern extreme point of Estonia, on the west bank of the Narva (river), Narva river which forms the Estonia–Russia border, E ...

– 1 October 1948, in

Kraków , officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 ...

) was a Polish architect and conservator of monuments, a leading representative of

historicism Historicism is an approach to explaining the existence of phenomena, especially social and cultural practices (including ideas and beliefs), by studying the process or history by which they came about. The term is widely used in philosophy, ant ...

and

modernism Modernism was an early 20th-century movement in literature, visual arts, and music that emphasized experimentation, abstraction, and Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy), subjective experience. Philosophy, politics, architecture, and soc ...

in Poland.

Life and career

He was born on 1 September 1883 in

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

(present-day

Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...

) to parents Polikarp Szyszko-Bohusz and mother Marcelina (

née The birth name is the name of the person given upon their birth. The term may be applied to the surname, the given name or to the entire name. Where births are required to be officially registered, the entire name entered onto a births registe ...

Rząśnicka). Between 1902 and 1909, he studied in

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

, later also in

Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

. In 1910 Szyszko-Bohusz began lecturing at the

Jagiellonian University The Jagiellonian University (, UJ) is a public research university in Kraków, Poland. Founded in 1364 by Casimir III the Great, King Casimir III the Great, it is the oldest university in Poland and one of the List of oldest universities in con ...

and at the

Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts The Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków (, usually abbreviated to ''ASP''), is a public higher education, institution of higher education located in the centre of Kraków, Poland. It is the oldest Polish fine art academy, established in 1 ...

in Krakow. In 1912 he moved to

Lwow Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of ...

, to lecture at the

Lviv Polytechnic Lviv Polytechnic National University () is a public university in Lviv, Ukraine, founded in 1816. According to the Times Higher Education, as of 2024, it ranks first as a technical institution of higher education and second among all instit ...

, where he remained until 1916. Upon returning to Krakow, in 1916, Szyszko-Bohusz was given the post of the director of renovation crew of the

Wawel Castle The Wawel Royal Castle (; ''Zamek Królewski na Wawelu'') and the Wawel Hill on which it sits constitute the most historically and culturally significant site in Poland. A fortified residency on the Vistula River in Kraków, it was established o ...

. Due to his efforts, several buildings as well as rooms of the castle were remodelled and renewed. He discovered remnants of the Romanesque prince’s palladium in front of the northern elevation of the castle (1921). In the years 1935–1938 he conducted restoration works in the western part of the cathedral. It was at that time that in St. Leonard's Crypt bishop Maurus’s tomb was found (d. 1118), as well as several fragments of the walls of the Romanesque cathedral and traces of its sequence of transformations. He created the

sarcophagus A sarcophagus (: sarcophagi or sarcophaguses) is a coffin, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried. The word ''sarcophagus'' comes from the Greek language, Greek wikt:σάρξ, σάρξ ...

Juliusz Słowacki Juliusz Słowacki (; ; ; 4 September 1809 – 3 April 1849) was a Polish Romantic poet. He is considered one of the " Three Bards" of Polish literature — a major figure in the Polish Romantic period, and the father of modern Polish drama. Hi ...

and helped with creation of the crypt of Jozef Pilsudski. In 1920, Szyszko-Bohusz became director of Department of Antique Architecture at the Academy of Fine Arts, and two years later he became rector of the college. Between 1932 and 1939, he was a director of the Architecture Department at the

Warsaw University of Technology The Warsaw University of Technology () is one of the leading institutes of technology in Poland and one of the largest in Central Europe. It employs 2,453 teaching faculty, with 357 professors (including 145 titular professors). The student body ...

. Szyszko-Bohusz was also a renowned architect. He designed his own family villa in Przegorzały, the monumental office of the Krakow’s branch of

PKO Bank Polski Powszechna Kasa Oszczędności Bank Polski Spółka Akcyjna or PKO Bank Polski S.A. (), in short PKO BP or simply PKO, is a multinational banking and financial services company headquartered in Warsaw, Poland. It is one of the largest financial i ...

(1924) and several other buildings in Krakow. He designed the Castle of the President of Poland in the town of Wisla and the House of Health in

Zakopane Zakopane (Gorals#Language, Podhale Goral: ''Zokopane'') is a town in the south of Poland, in the southern part of the Podhale region at the foot of the Tatra Mountains. From 1975 to 1998, it was part of Nowy Sącz Voivodeship; since 1999, it has ...

. Also, Szyszko-Bohusz was editor of the ''Architekt'' monthly. During

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, Szyszko-Bohusz, with permission of the

Home Army The Home Army (, ; abbreviated AK) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II. The Home Army was formed in February 1942 from the earlier Związek Walki Zbrojnej (Armed Resistance) established in the ...

, worked in a private German architectural office, and in 1945 he returned to his post at the Wawel Castle. In the same year, he co-created Architecture Department at the

AGH University of Science and Technology AGH University of Krakow, (abbreviated as ''AGH University''; formerly: AGH University of Science and Technology or ''AGH UST'') is a public university in Kraków, Poland. Founded in 1913, its inauguration took place in 1919. The university foc ...

. He died on 1 October 1948 and was buried at the

Rakowicki Cemetery Rakowicki Cemetery (English: ; ) is a historic necropolis and a cultural heritage monument located on 26 Rakowicka Street in Kraków, Poland. It lies within the Administrative District No. 1 ''Stare Miasto'' meaning "Old Town" – distinct from ...

in Krakow.

Honours

*Commander's Cross with Star of the

Order of Polonia Restituta The Order of Polonia Restituta (, ) is a Polish state decoration, state Order (decoration), order established 4 February 1921. It is conferred on both military and civilians as well as on alien (law), foreigners for outstanding achievements in ...

(1938) *Commander's Cross of the

(1928) *Officer's Cross of the

(1921)

Projects (selected)

Zameczek prezydenta RP (Zamek Górny) w Wiśle 2.JPG, Presidential Castle

Wisła Wisła (; ; ) is a town in Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, with a population of about 11,132 (2019), near the border with the Czech Republic. It is situated in the Silesian Beskids mountain range in the historical region of ...

, Poland Former PKO Bank building, designed in 1924 by Adolf Szyszko-Bohusz, 19 Wielopole Street, Kraków, Poland.jpg, Former PKO Bank Building
19 Wielopole Street,

, Poland Kraków, ul. Jodłowa 13a. Willa Baszta w Przegorzałach A-643.jpg, Baszta Villa (own house)
13a Jodłowa Street, Kraków Przegorzaly Castle (view from SW), 13 Jodlowa street, Przegorzaly, Krakow, Poland.jpg, Przegorzały Castle (Schloss Wartenberg)
13 Jodłowa Street, Kraków P1630788 Костел.jpg, Church of Saints Peter and Paul
Terebovlia, Ukraine Feniks tenement house, 1928 design. Adolf Szyszko-Bohusz, 41 Main Market square, Old Town, Kraków, Poland.jpg, Feniks House
41 Main Market Square, Kraków Oleandry Piłudski House, 1931 design. Adolf Szyszko-Bohusz, 7 3May Alley, Kraków, Poland.jpg, Oleandry J. Piłsudski House
7, 3 May Avenue, Kraków 02013-07 Wawels coat of arms.JPG,

Wawel The Wawel Royal Castle (; ''Zamek Królewski na Wawelu'') and the Wawel Hill on which it sits constitute the most historically and culturally significant site in Poland. A fortified residency on the Vistula River in Kraków, it was established o ...

Coat of Arms Gate
Kraków, Poland Tenement house (1912 designed by Adolf Szyszko-Bohusz), 7 Mariacki square, Old Town, Krakow, Poland.jpg, Tenement house
7 Mariacki Square, Old Town, Kraków

References

External links

Wawel Castle Archeological and architectural research
{{DEFAULTSORT:Szyszko-Bohusz, Adolf 1883 births 1948 deaths People from Narva People from Yamburgsky Uyezd Architects from Kraków Academic staff of Jagiellonian University Academic staff of Lviv Polytechnic Burials at Rakowicki Cemetery Polish monument conservators