Adolf Schulten (27 May 1870 – 19 March 1960) was a German

historian A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human species; as well as the ...

and

archaeologist Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of Artifact (archaeology), artifacts, architecture, biofact (archaeology), biofacts or ecofacts, ...

. Schulten was born in

Elberfeld Elberfeld is a municipal subdivision of the Germany, German city of Wuppertal; it was an independent town until 1929. History The first official mentioning of the geographic area on the banks of today's Wupper River as "''elverfelde''" was ...

Rhine Province The Rhine Province (), also known as Rhenish Prussia () or synonymous with the Rhineland (), was the westernmost Provinces of Prussia, province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia, within the German Reich, from 1822 to 1946. ...

, and received a doctorate in geology from the

University of Bonn The University of Bonn, officially the Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University of Bonn (), is a public research university in Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded in its present form as the () on 18 October 1818 by Frederick Willi ...

in 1892. He studied in

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...

and

Greece Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to th ...

with support from the Institute of Archaeology. After obtaining the chair of ancient history at the

University of Erlangen A university () is an institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". Univ ...

, he continued his work in

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

with great dedication and to this day is considered a key influence upon

archaeological Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of Artifact (archaeology), artifacts, architecture, biofact (archaeology), biofacts or ecofacts, ...

study in Spain. Schulten led the 1905-12 excavations of the Celtiberian city of

Numantia Numantia () is an ancient Celtiberian settlement, whose remains are located on a hill known as Cerro de la Muela in the current municipality of Garray ( Soria), Spain. Numantia is famous for its role in the Celtiberian Wars. In 153 BC, Num ...

and the Roman camps nearby and in 1924 searched without success for the location of

Tartessos Tartessos () is, as defined by archaeological discoveries, a historical civilization settled in the southern Iberian Peninsula characterized by its mixture of local Prehistoric Iberia, Paleohispanic and Phoenician traits. It had a writing syste ...

. Starting in 1948 he worked on the ruins of

Tarraco Tarraco is the ancient name of the current city of Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain). It was the oldest Roman settlement on the Iberian Peninsula. It became the capital of Hispania Tarraconensis following the latter's creation during the Roman Empire ...

and in the localities of Mainake, Munda and Segeda. In recognition of his work, Schulten received a doctorate honoris causa from the

University of Barcelona The University of Barcelona (official name in ; UB), formerly also known as Central University of Barcelona (), is a public research university located in the city of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It was established in 1450. With 76,000 students, ...

and the Grand Cross of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise, from the Spanish state in 1940. He was a member of the Institutes of Archaeology and History at the Patria de Módena and was a lead writer for the Austrian Institute of Archaeology and the Academy of the History of Madrid. His works feature Numantia, in ''Die Keltiberer und ihre Kriege mit Rom'' (1914); ''Tartessos'' (1924); Viriato; ''Sertorius''; ''L'amour, l'amour est la véritable clef de l'Histoire''; ''Los cántabros y astures y su guerra con Roma'' (1943) is Schulten's most important

monograph A monograph is generally a long-form work on one (usually scholarly) subject, or one aspect of a subject, typically created by a single author or artist (or, sometimes, by two or more authors). Traditionally it is in written form and published a ...

on his excavations.

External links

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Adolf Schulten. Biografías y Vidas

(Historiography of Tartessos in the 20th Century) with photograph 1870 births 1960 deaths People from Elberfeld People from the Rhine Province Archaeologists from North Rhine-Westphalia 20th-century German historians University of Bonn alumni Academic staff of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Recipients of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise German male non-fiction writers Writers from Wuppertal {{Germany-historian-stub