The following is a list of adjectival forms of cities in English and their

demonym A demonym (; ) or 'gentilic' () is a word that identifies a group of people ( inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place ( hamlet, village, town, city, region, ...

ic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these cities. Demonyms ending in ''-ese'' are the same in the singular and plural forms. The ending ''-man'' has

feminine Femininity (also called womanliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and Gender roles, roles generally associated with women and girls. Femininity can be understood as Social construction of gender, socially constructed, and there is also s ...

equivalent ''-woman'' (e.g. ''an Irishman and a Scotswoman''). The French terminations ''-ois'' / ''ais'' serve as both the singular and plural

masculine Masculinity (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with men and boys. Masculinity can be theoretically understood as socially constructed, and there is also evidence that some beh ...

; adding 'e' ( / ) makes them singular feminine; 'es' ( / ) makes them plural feminine. The

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many countries in the Americas **Spanish cuisine **Spanish history **Spanish culture ...

termination "-o" usually denotes the

and is normally changed to

by dropping the "-o" and adding "-a". The plural forms are usually "-os" and "-as", respectively. Adjectives ending ''-ish'' can be used as collective demonyms (e.g. ''the English, the Cornish''). So can those ending in ''-ch'' / ''-tch'' (e.g. ''the French'', ''the Dutch'') provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' sound (e.g. the adjective ''Czech'' does not qualify as its ''-ch'' is pronounced ). Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the

language Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary. It is the primary means by which humans convey meaning, both in spoken and signed language, signed forms, and may also be conveyed through writing syste ...

dialect A dialect is a Variety (linguistics), variety of language spoken by a particular group of people. This may include dominant and standard language, standardized varieties as well as Vernacular language, vernacular, unwritten, or non-standardize ...

of the same name. Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms also refer to various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words. Additionally, sometimes the use of one or more additional words is optional. Notable examples are

cheeses Cheese is a type of dairy product produced in a range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein. It comprises proteins and fat from milk (usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats or sheep). During prod ...

cat breeds Domestic cats have been diversified by humans into breeds and domestic and wild hybrids. Many such breeds recognized by various cat registries. Additionally, there are new and experimental breeds, landraces being established as standardized bree ...

dog breeds This list of dog breeds includes both extant and extinct dog breeds, varieties and types. A research article on dog genomics published in Science/AAAS defines modern dog breeds as "a recent invention defined by conformation to a physical ideal ...

, and

horse breeds The following list of horse and pony breeds includes standardized breeds, some strains within breeds that are considered distinct populations, types of horses with common characteristics that are not necessarily standardized breeds but are someti ...

. Note: Many of these adjectivals and demonyms are not used in English as frequently as their counterparts in other languages. A common practice is to use a city's name as if it were an adjective, as in "Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra", "Melbourne suburbs", etc.

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List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other th ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for astronomical bodies The adjectival forms of the names of astronomical bodies are not always easily predictable. Attested adjectival forms of the larger bodies are listed below, along with the two small Martian moons; in some cases they are accompanied by their demony ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for continental regions The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other th ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for subcontinental regions The following is a list of adjectival forms of subcontinental regions in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these subcontinental regions. Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular form ...

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List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations The following is a list of adjectival and demonymic forms of countries and nations in English (language), English and their demonymic equivalents. A country adjective describes something as being from that country, for example, "Italian cuisine" is ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for Australia The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other th ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for Canada The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other th ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for India The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other th ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for Malaysia The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other th ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for Mexico The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other th ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for New Zealand The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other th ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for the Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for the United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

*** List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities **** List of adjectivals and demonyms for Colorado cities ***

List of adjectivals and demonyms for former regions The following is a list of adjectival forms of former regions in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these former regions. Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for Greco-Roman antiquity The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other th ...

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for fictional regions The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places. Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other th ...

Lists of city nicknames This is a list of nickname-related list articles on Wikipedia. A nickname is "a familiar or humorous name given to a person or thing instead of or as well as the real name." A nickname is often considered desirable, symbolising a form of acceptance ...

References

{{Reflist

Cities A city is a human settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no universally agree ...

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See also

References