Adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respon ...
which in humans is encoded by the ''ADIPOR2''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...
.
It is a member of the
progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family, and is also known as PAQR2.
Structure
Similar to
G protein-coupled receptor
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors, and G protein-linked receptors (GPLR), form a large group of evolutionarily-related p ...
s (GPCRs), AdipoR2 also possesses 7
transmembrane domain
A transmembrane domain (TMD) is a membrane-spanning protein domain. TMDs generally adopt an alpha helix topological conformation, although some TMDs such as those in porins can adopt a different conformation. Because the interior of the lipid b ...
s. However, AdipoR2 is orientated oppositely to GPCRs in the membrane (i.e., cytoplasmic
N-terminus
The N-terminus (also known as the amino-terminus, NH2-terminus, N-terminal end or amine-terminus) is the start of a protein or polypeptide, referring to the free amine group (-NH2) located at the end of a polypeptide. Within a peptide, the ami ...
, extracellular
C-terminus
The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH). When the protein i ...
) and does not associate with
G protein
G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior. Their ...
s.
Function
The
adiponectin receptors,
AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, serve as receptors for globular and full-length
adiponectin
Adiponectin (also referred to as GBP-28, apM1, AdipoQ and Acrp30) is a protein hormone and adipokine, which is involved in regulating glucose levels as well as fatty acid breakdown. In humans it is encoded by the ''ADIPOQ'' gene and it is produce ...
and mediate increased
AMPK AMPK may refer to:
* AMP-activated protein kinase, an enzyme
* (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase
In enzymology, a cetyl-CoA carboxylasekinase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
:ATP + cetyl-CoA carboxylase\rightleftharpoons AD ...
and
PPAR-α
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), also known as NR1C1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group C, member 1), is a nuclear receptor protein functioning as a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the ''PPARA'' ge ...
ligand activities, as well as
fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, ...
oxidation and glucose uptake by adiponectin.
In 2016, the University of Tokyo announced that it would launch an investigation into claims of fabrication of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 identification data, as accused by an anonymous person/group called
Ordinary_researchers.
[University of Tokyo to investigate data manipulation charges against six prominent research groups](_blank)
ScienceInsider, Dennis Normile, Sep 20, 2016
Ligands
Agonists
Peptide
*
Adiponectin
Adiponectin (also referred to as GBP-28, apM1, AdipoQ and Acrp30) is a protein hormone and adipokine, which is involved in regulating glucose levels as well as fatty acid breakdown. In humans it is encoded by the ''ADIPOQ'' gene and it is produce ...
*
ADP-355
*
ADP-399
Non-peptide
*
AdipoRon
*
Deoxyschizandrin
Deoxyschizandrin is a bio-active isolate of '' Schisandra chinensis''.
Deoxyschizandrin has been found to act as an agonist
An agonist is a chemical that activates a receptor to produce a biological response. Receptors are cellular proteins ...
*
Parthenolide
Parthenolide is a sesquiterpene lactone of the germacranolide class which occurs naturally in the plant feverfew ('' Tanacetum parthenium''), after which it is named, and in the closely related tansy (''Tanacetum vulgare''). It is found in highest ...
*
Syringing
*
Taxifoliol
Antagonists
Peptide
*
ADP-400
See also
*
Adiponectin receptor
*
Adiponectin receptor 1
References
External links
*
7TM receptors
{{gene-12-stub