Morocco Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to Algeria–Morocc ...

, a Adel (plural Adoul) () is a public official who practices a liberal regulated

profession A profession is a field of Work (human activity), work that has been successfully professionalized. It can be defined as a disciplined group of individuals, professionals, who adhere to ethical standards and who hold themselves out as, and are ...

through a set of competencies and conditions defined in

Law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior, with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a science and as the ar ...

N⁰. 16.03 related to the

justice In its broadest sense, justice is the idea that individuals should be treated fairly. According to the ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', the most plausible candidate for a core definition comes from the ''Institutes (Justinian), Inst ...

plan, and in special

legal Law is a set of rules that are created and are law enforcement, enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior, with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a Socia ...

texts. This profession falls within the auxiliary professions of the

Judiciary of Morocco The Judiciary of Morocco is an independent branch of the Moroccan government, subject only to the Moroccan Constitution. Structure The Moroccan court structure consists of: * Communal and District Courts * Administrative Tribunals * First ...

Adoul act in pairs to record Islamic/ Shar'i

marriage Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognised union between people called spouses. It establishes rights and obligations between them, as well as between them and their children (if any), and b ...

s, known as

Nikah In Islamic law, marriage is accomplished through the marriage contract, known as a () or more specifically, the bride's acceptance of the groom's dowry (''mahr'') and the witnessing of her acceptance. The contract has rights and obligatio ...

. They may also draft

contract A contract is an agreement that specifies certain legally enforceable rights and obligations pertaining to two or more parties. A contract typically involves consent to transfer of goods, services, money, or promise to transfer any of thos ...

prenuptial agreement A prenuptial agreement, antenuptial agreement, or premarital agreement (commonly referred to as a prenup), is a written contract entered into by a couple before marriage or a civil union that enables them to select and control many of the legal ...

inheritance Inheritance is the practice of receiving private property, titles, debts, entitlements, privileges, rights, and obligations upon the death of an individual. The rules of inheritance differ among societies and have changed over time. Offi ...

-related documents,

divorce Divorce (also known as dissolution of marriage) is the process of terminating a marriage or marital union. Divorce usually entails the canceling or reorganising of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the M ...

settlements and adjudicate testaments. Their office is comparable to that of a

civil law notary Civil-law notaries, or Latin notaries, are lawyers of contentious jurisdiction, noncontentious private law, private civil law (legal system), civil law who draft, take, and record legal instruments for private parties, provide legal advice and gi ...

Controversy

On January 23, 2018, women were officially allowed to become Adoul, following a royal decree issued by King Mohammed VI of

. The decision sparked significant controversy - particularly among the existing ranks of Adoul - but also the Moroccan public.

Pronunciation

The term ''Adoul'' (Arabic: عُدول) is classically pronounced /ʕuːduːl/, with the voiced pharyngeal fricative ʿAyn (ع) followed by a long "u" vowel. In Moroccan Darija, however, the phonological realization of ʿAyn is often weakened or glottalized, and vowels tend to shift. As a result, the word is typically pronounced /adul/ or /aːdul/, reflecting the broader phonetic tendencies in Maghrebi Arabic to simplify guttural consonants and level short vowels in colloquial usage.

References

{{Reflist Region-specific legal occupations Law of Morocco

Controversy

Pronunciation

See also

References