Adam Mickiewicz Adam Bernard Mickiewicz (24 December 179826 November 1855) was a Polish poet, dramatist, essayist, publicist, translator and political activist. He is regarded as national poet in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. He also largely influenced Ukra ...

Alley is one of the main streets of downtown district in

Bydgoszcz Bydgoszcz is a city in northern Poland and the largest city in the historical region of Kuyavia. Straddling the confluence of the Vistula River and its bank (geography), left-bank tributary, the Brda (river), Brda, the strategic location of Byd ...

, where several buildings are registered on the

Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship * Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) in Poland. * Kuyavian-Pomeranian is one of 13 Polish constituency of the European Parliament. * Kuyavian-Pomeranian Regional Assembly is the regional legislature of t ...

Heritage List. Kamienica ul

Location

The street links Gdańska Street to Józef Weyssenhoff Square. Its northern frontage is a set of tenements and villas built in the first decade of the 20th century. On the southern side are located the Polish Theatre and

Jan Kochanowski Jan Kochanowski (; 1530 – 22 August 1584) was a Polish Renaissance poet who wrote in Latin and Polish and established poetic patterns that would become integral to Polish literary language. He has been called the greatest Polish poet before ...

Park.

Naming

* 1906–1920, Bülowstraße, after

Bernhard von Bülow Bernhard Heinrich Karl Martin, Prince of Bülow ( ; 3 May 1849 – 28 October 1929) was a German politician who served as the chancellor of the German Empire, imperial chancellor of the German Empire and minister-president of Prussia from 1900 to ...

; * 1920–1939, Aleje Adama Mickiewicza after

; * 1939–1945, Felix-Dahn-Straße, after

Felix Dahn Felix Ludwig Julius Dahn (9 February 1834 – 3 January 1912) was a German law professor and nationalist author, poet and historian. Biography Felix Ludwig Julius Dahn was born in Hamburg as the oldest son of Friedrich (1811–1889) and Constan ...

; * Since 1945, Aleje Adama Mickiewicza

History

Adam Mickiewicz Alley

Adam Mickiewicz Alley has been laid out in 1903, in the conditions of an urban development of the eastern area of Gdańska Street called "Hempelscher Felde":Jastrzębska-Puzowska, Iwona: Od miasteczka do metropolii. Rozwój architektoniczny i urbanistyczny Bydgoszczy w latach 1850-1920. Wydawnictwo MADO. Toruń 2005. , 978-83-89886-38-5 this plot was bought in the 1890s by the municipality to develop its urban plans based on a garden city concept developed by Hermann Stübben. The highlight of the whole project was the ''Bülow street'', then one of the most beautiful and widest thoroughfare of the city. It comprised a dual carriageway starting from Dantziger strasse, running eastward. The perspective was particularly taken care of, emphasized by a row of trees, with stretched garlands of vines.Bręczewska-Kulesza Daria, Derkowska-Kostkowska Bogna, Wysocka A., inni Ulica Gdańska. Przewodnik historyczny, Bydgoszcz 2003 At the same time, the Ossolińscy street, continuation of the axis from Weyssenhoff square, was defined in its main features. The northern frontage of Adam Mickiewicz Alley has been conceived from 1903 to 1907 as an homogeneous complex of Berlin

Art Nouveau Art Nouveau ( ; ; ), Jugendstil and Sezessionstil in German, is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. It was often inspired by natural forms such as the sinuous curves of plants and ...

tenements, similar to what has been erected at the same time in

Dworcowa Street Dworcowa Street is one of the main streets of Bydgoszcz, in Downtown district (). Many of its buildings are registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List. Across the street, between Warmia and Marcinkowskiego street runs the ...

(Nr.45, 47, 49). In 1910, an addition to the frontage, consisting of villas and houses has been erected. The perspective of the street to the east has been closed by the building of the Institute of Agriculture (Ger. ''Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Landwirtschaft''), then the first high school scientific department in

Bromberg Bydgoszcz is a city in northern Poland and the largest city in the historical region of Kuyavia. Straddling the confluence of the Vistula River and its left-bank tributary, the Brda, the strategic location of Bydgoszcz has made it an inland ...

. In 1949, the Polish Theatre has been completed, standing at the intersection with 20 January 1920 Street. In 1960, the Archer Statue has been moved from Theatre square to

Park. Most of the facade decorations and

relief Relief is a sculpture, sculptural method in which the sculpted pieces remain attached to a solid background of the same material. The term ''wikt:relief, relief'' is from the Latin verb , to raise (). To create a sculpture in relief is to give ...

s have been deteriorated by lack of treatment during the post-war years. The street has undergone a gradual revitalization after 1990. Between 2002 and 2009, all street facades have been was renovated, and, when possible, restored with their original decorations.

Jan Kochanowski Jan Kochanowski (; 1530 – 22 August 1584) was a Polish Renaissance poet who wrote in Latin and Polish and established poetic patterns that would become integral to Polish literary language. He has been called the greatest Polish poet before ...
Park

This green estate runs on the southern side of Adam Mickiewicz Alley, between January 20, 1920 street on the west and Ignac Paderewski street on the east, extending to the south till the

Pomeranian Philharmonic The Ignacy Jan Paderewski Pomeranian Philharmonic () is an orchestra in Bydgoszcz, Poland. It has been at its present site since 16 November 1953. It bears the name of Polish pianist and composer Ignacy Jan Paderewski. The Pomeranian Philhar ...

. File:Bdg Luczniczka widziel 4 07-2013.jpg, "The Archer" by Ferdinand Lepcke, author also of the

Deluge Fountain The Deluge Fountain is a monumental sculpture fountain which has stood with all its elements between 1904 and 1943 and since 2014 in Bydgoszcz. Throughout the first time of its existence (39 years) and since its rebuilding, the fountain has always ...

File:Bdg parkKochanowskiego a 4 10-2013.jpg, "The Archer" with the Polski theatre in the background File:Bdg pomnikSienkiewicza 07-2013.jpg, Monument to

Henryk Sienkiewicz Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz ( , ; 5 May 1846 – 15 November 1916), also known by the pseudonym Litwos (), was a Polish epic writer. He is remembered for his historical novels, such as The Trilogy, the Trilogy series and especially ...

File:Bdg Luczniczka noc fr 07-2013.jpg, "The Archer" by night

Architecture

Frontages on Mickiewicz alley (Nr.1 to 9) compose a complex of townhouses inscribed in the German variant of

architecture (Ger. "Jugendstil"). Predominant forms evoke quietness, through varied

bay window A bay window is a window space projecting outward from the main walls of a building and forming a bay in a room. A bow window is a form of bay with a curve rather than angular facets; an oriel window is a bay window that does not touch the g ...

s, divided

balconies A balcony (from , "scaffold") is a platform projecting from the wall of a building, supported by columns or console brackets, and enclosed with a balustrade, usually above the ground floor. They are commonly found on multi-level houses, apartme ...

and

loggia In architecture, a loggia ( , usually , ) is a covered exterior Long gallery, gallery or corridor, often on an upper level, sometimes on the ground level of a building. The corridor is open to the elements because its outer wall is only parti ...

s integrating wavy lines, wavy

gable A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of intersecting roof pitches. The shape of the gable and how it is detailed depends on the structural system used, which reflects climate, material availability, and aesth ...

s, vaulted windows and

portal Portal may refer to: Arts and entertainment Gaming * ''Portal'' (series), a series of video games developed by Valve ** ''Portal'' (video game), a 2007 video game, the first in the series ** '' Portal 2'', the 2011 sequel ** '' Portal Stori ...

s. Decoration combines organic themes with geometric forms, like rectangular and square shapes, grouped in series and

frieze In classical architecture, the frieze is the wide central section of an entablature and may be plain in the Ionic order, Ionic or Corinthian order, Corinthian orders, or decorated with bas-reliefs. Patera (architecture), Paterae are also ...

s. The ensemble reminds also

Baroque The Baroque ( , , ) is a Western Style (visual arts), style of Baroque architecture, architecture, Baroque music, music, Baroque dance, dance, Baroque painting, painting, Baroque sculpture, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from ...

style at by applying domes

avant-corps An ''avant-corps'' ( or , plural , , ), a French term literally meaning "fore-body", is a part of a building, such as a porch or pavilion, that juts out from the ''corps de logis'', often taller than other parts of the building.Curl, James Stev ...

and towers topped with

peaks PEAKS is a proteomics software program for tandem mass spectrometry designed for peptide sequencing, protein identification and quantification. Description PEAKS is commonly used for peptide identification (Protein ID) through de novo peptide ...

. The architects who designed those buildings were all inspired by Berlin architecture, "en vogue" at the time: * Rudolf Kern who built also tenements in Gdańska Street at 5, N67, 66/68, 71; * Erich Lindenburger who constructed also in

(Nr.41,43,45,47); * Paul Böhm who realized houses on August Cieszkowski Street in Bydgoszcz at Nr.1 and 3; * Otto Rosenthal; * Józef Święcicki, known for its dozens of realization in Gdańska Street. For almost the entire post-war period, tenements have been property of the state. In 1990, the city of

owned them back, but at the time, they were falling into disrepair as a result of underinvestment, lack of maintenance and general neglect of

monuments. Buildings have been restored after 2002.

Main places and buildings

Rudolf Kern Building at 1, corner with Gdańska Street

Registered on

heritage list, Nr.601377-Reg.A/1086 (November 20, 1995)zabytek, kujawsko-pomorskie, issued=1.03.2014 1903–1904, by Rudolf KernGminna Ewidencja Zabytków Miasta Bydgoszczy. :Program Opieki nad Zabytkami miasta Bydgoszczy na lata 2013-2016

The tenement has been designed by the architect Rudolf Kern, a student of Józef Święcicki, for his own use, private and business: he has lived there until 1922. File:Bydgoszcz, dom, 1903-1904 e.JPG, View from Mickiewicz Alley File:Mickiewicza 1 róg Gdańskiej wieża.jpg, Detail of the peak File:Gdanska Mickiewicz detail3.JPG, The ornamented gate

Polish Theatre in Bydgoszcz, at 2

1948–1949, by Alfons Licznerski

Modern architecture Modern architecture, also called modernist architecture, or the modern movement, is an architectural movement and style that was prominent in the 20th century, between the earlier Art Deco and later postmodern movements. Modern architectur ...

Hieronim Konieczka Polish Theatre in Bydgoszcz is the largest and best known

theatre Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, usually actors to present experiences of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a Stage (theatre), stage. The performe ...

of the city. It is set at Nr.2. Current director is Paweł Wodziński. File:Bydgoszcz Teatr Polski.jpg, View from Mickiewicz Alley File:Bdg TeatrPolski 2 07-2013.jpg, Main entry File:Park Kochanowskiego - teatr wiosna.jpg, View from

Park

Tenement at 3

1904–1905, by Erich Lindenburger

The building was originally commissioned by a merchant, Georg Woodtke. In the

interwar In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period, also known as the interbellum (), lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days) – from the end of World War I (WWI) to the beginning of World War II ( ...

, Feliks Kopp's family lived there: he was the son of Wilhelm, entrepreneur who established a successful cleaning and dyehouse factory at Świętej Trójcy Street. Characteristic features are the adorned

and decorative

; the façade has pilaster strips which accentuates vertical divisions.

Bay window A bay window is a window space projecting outward from the main walls of a building and forming a bay in a room. A bow window is a form of bay with a curve rather than angular facets; an oriel window is a bay window that does not touch the g ...

s are divided with

s. This building is the seat of the Honorary consulate of

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...

. File:Bdg Mickiewicza3 2 07-2013.jpg, View of the frontage from Mickiewicz Alley File:Bdg Mickiewicza3 3 07-2013.jpg, Detail of the tinned roofed

File:Kamienica Mickiewicza 3 - portal.jpg, Grandiose front gate File:Kamienica Mickiewicza 3 - zdobienia nad portalem.jpg, Front gate top

House at 4, corner with Paderewskiego street

1906-1908

This building displays highly decorated balconies and

s. The roof boasts eyelid dormers. File:Kamienica Mickiewicza 4 2023.jpg, View of the frontage from Mickiewicz Alley File:Fragment secesyjnej kamienicy na Al.Mickiewicza 4 w Bydgoszczy.JPG, Detail of portal and

File:Secesyjna kamienica na Al.Mickiewicza 4 w Bydgoszczy-wykusz,wieżyczka.JPG, Detail of the

with eyelid dormer

House at 5

Registered on

heritage list, Nr.601378, Reg.A/1081 (December 21, 1994) 1906, by Rudolf Kern

The tenement was first ordered by Adolf Berger, a merchant. Less adorned than its neighbours, this building displays anyhow the same Art Nouveau grandeur, with

s and

s, as well as a curved top frontage and

dormer A dormer is a roofed structure, often containing a window, that projects vertically beyond the plane of a Roof pitch, pitched roof. A dormer window (also called ''dormer'') is a form of roof window. Dormers are commonly used to increase the ...

s on the

. File:Bydgoszcz, dom, 1906 e.JPG, View of the frontage from Mickiewicz Alley File:Dom, 1906 Bydgoszcz, Al. Mickiewicza 5 (10).JPG, The house and its flanking neighbours

Rosenthal building at 7

Registered on

heritage list, Nr.601379, Reg.A/1082 (January 10, 1995) 1904–1905, by Rudolf Kern

The tenement was commissioned by the brothers Rosentjal, Otto and Theodor, who also co-developed the project. Nr.7 looks like a mirrored shape of Nr.5, underlying the seal of the same

architect. Frontage adornament is much richer, with

and

s topped by helmet-style roof. File:Dom, 1904-1905 Bydgoszcz, Al. Mickiewicza 7 (9).JPG, View of the frontage from Mickiewicz Alley File:Kamienica Mickiewicza 7 - detal.jpg, Detail of the roof File:Gate at Mickiewicz alley Bydgoszcz.JPG, Gate at Nr.7

Tenement at 9

Registered on

heritage list, Nr.601380-Reg.A/855 (August 28, 1985) 1905–1906, by Rudolf Kern

The house was built by Bydgoszcz architect Rudolf Kern so as to establish the first private music school in the city, the Conservatoire of

(). The school was founded in 1904 on the initiative of Arnold Schattschneider and was originally located at Gdańska Street 24, (). The space in the building was soon too scarce, and decision was made to build a new edifice at Adam Mickiewicz Alley, using the opportunity of the urban development of the "Hempelscher Feldethe" area. Construction lasted from December 1905 to October 1906 when an opening concert took place for the opening of the new school premises. The building displays

style, using rich decorative forms. The facade is balanced with vertical and horizontal lines as well as

having each their own designed railing. The main entrance had two doors: one leading to the staircase to the conservatoroire, the other going to private spaces for the landlord and the school headmaster. Inside, the school housed classrooms, instruments, an extensive library and a concert hall with

Neo-Baroque Neo-Baroque may refer to: * Neo-Baroque music * Neo-Baroque painting, a painting style used by Christo Coetzee and others *Baroque Revival architecture * Neo-Baroque film *the Organ reform movement The Organ Reform Movement or ''Orgelbewegung'' ...

features. In the concert hall was organized symphonic concerts, chamber music events, concerts of students and monthly subscription concerts. In smaller venues were classes for piano, violin, cello and choral singing. Teachers of the conservatoire came from

Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...

Dresden Dresden (; ; Upper Saxon German, Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; , ) is the capital city of the States of Germany, German state of Saxony and its second most populous city after Leipzig. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, 12th most p ...

Regensburg Regensburg (historically known in English as Ratisbon) is a city in eastern Bavaria, at the confluence of the rivers Danube, Naab and Regen (river), Regen, Danube's northernmost point. It is the capital of the Upper Palatinate subregion of the ...

Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

and

Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...

, classes comprised Germans and Poles. Wilhelm von Winterfeld, second director since 1914, had the school moved in the early 1930s to larger premises at Gdańska Street, 54 (from where it moved again to Gdańska Street 71 in 1939). The interiors of the building in Adam Mickiewicz Alley have been entirely rebuilt to turn classrooms and auditorium into flats. In 2002-2004 a major renovation of the facade has been carried out, giving back to the frontage its original design that had been lost since the postwar period. File:Conservatoire 1906.jpg, Advert. for Bydgoszcz Music Conservatoire ca 1906 File:Mickiewicz 9 1915.jpg, View ca 1915, as "Bromberger Konservatorium" File:Kamienica Mickiewicza 9.jpg, Frontage view from the street File:Bydgoszcz- ornamenty secesyjne,dom na Al.Mickiewicza 9.JPG,

ornamentation above the portal File:Bdg Mickiewicza9 4 07-2013.jpg, Stucco decor of the top level File:Bdg Mickiewicza9 1 07-2013.jpg, Window's adornment

Corner house with January 20, 1920 street

Registered on

heritage list, Nr.601456-Reg.A/1080/1-2 (December 20, 1994) 1905-1906

This corner house is characterised by its towering peak topped with a

tin Tin is a chemical element; it has symbol Sn () and atomic number 50. A silvery-colored metal, tin is soft enough to be cut with little force, and a bar of tin can be bent by hand with little effort. When bent, a bar of tin makes a sound, the ...

roof. File:Mickiewicz corner 20 jan1920 -1914.jpg, View ca 1914 File:Bdg 20I1920 17 - Mickiewicza 1 07-2013.jpg, General view of both frontages File:Zespół domu Bydgoszcz, ul. 20 Stycznia 1920 r. 17 Mickiewicza (5).JPG, Facade on Mickiewicz Alley File:Zespół domu Bydgoszcz, ul. 20 Stycznia 1920 r. 17 Mickiewicza (21).JPG, Facade on January 20, 1920, street

Corner house with January 20, 1920 street

1903

This corner house displays also a nice adorned portal. File:Bdg 20I1920 2 - Mickiewicza 1 07-2013.jpg, General view of both frontages File:Bdg ul20stycznia1920 31 07-2013.jpg, Detailed view of facade decoration File:Bdg ul20stycznia1920 33 07-2013.jpg, Detail of the gate ornamentation

Villa at 11

1903–1904, by Ludwig Otto Wirpelius.

One of the few villas built during the initial development of the street. File:Bdg Mickiewicza 13.jpg, General view of the villa File:Detail Willa 11.JPG, Detail of a facade window

Villas at 13/15

Registered on

Heritage List, Nr.6601381-Reg. A/1067 (May 18, 1994) 1903–1904, by Rudolf Kern.

One of the few villas built during the initial development of the street, both commissioned by Julius Berger, a merchant. During the

interwar period In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period, also known as the interbellum (), lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days) – from the end of World War I (WWI) to the beginning of World War II ( ...

, the villa at Nr.15 housed a clinic run by Dr. Staemmler., while in the house at Nr.13 lived Henryk Weynerowski and his family. File:Mickiewicz 13 1912.jpg, Villa at Nr.15 in 1912 File:Bdg Mickiewicza wille 1 07-2013.jpg, General view of villas File:Bydgoszcz-willa,Al. Mickiewicza 15.JPG, Facade of Villa at Nr.15 File:Detail Gate villa N13.JPG, Detail of the gate of villa at Nr.15

Villa Józef Święcicki at 17

1906 German

Historicism Historicism is an approach to explaining the existence of phenomena, especially social and cultural practices (including ideas and beliefs), by studying the process or history by which they came about. The term is widely used in philosophy, ant ...

This villa was one of the buildings

's architect Józef Święcicki realized for himself (see also

Józef Święcicki tenement in Bydgoszcz Józef is a Polish variant of the masculine given name Joseph. Art * Józef Chełmoński (1849-1914), Polish painter * Józef Gosławski (1908-1963), Polish sculptor Clergy * Józef Glemp (1929-2013), Polish cardinal * Józef Kowalski (1 ...

). File:Willa Święcickiego Mickiewicza 17.jpg, General view of the villa File:Gate of villa N17 Mickiewicz Bydgoszcz.JPG, Detail of the gate of Villa Józef Święcicki

Sculpture ''The awaking of the elves'' ()

1906 The carve has been realized in the trunk of a dead tree in 2006, by Zbyszko Piwoński. The artist has realized other similar sculptures at Gdańska Street 30 - (''Woman with pigeons'', 2006 ) and in Słowackiego Street - (''We'll be playing soon'', 2010 - ). File:Sculpture tree1.jpg, ''The awaking of the elves'' File:Sculpture tree2.jpg, ''The awaking of the elves''

Corner house at 1 Paderewskiego street

1905-1908

This corner house displays typical tin roof above each of its

s. File:Kamienica ul. Paderewskiego 1 2023.jpg, General view of both frontages

Corner house at 10 Paderewskiego street

1905-1907

This corner house starts the series of frontages characteristic of Józef Weyssenhoff Square. File:Kamienica al Mickiewicza przy Pl Weyssenhoffa.jpg, General view of both frontages

References

External links

*
Site of Polish Theatre in Bydgoszcz

Bibliography

* * * * * * * {{Bydgoszcz streets and squares Cultural heritage monuments in Bydgoszcz Streets and squares in Bydgoszcz Parks in Bydgoszcz Villas in Bydgoszcz Adam Mickiewicz

Location

Naming

History

Adam Mickiewicz Alley

Jan Kochanowski Jan Kochanowski (; 1530 – 22 August 1584) was a Polish Renaissance poet who wrote in Latin and Polish and established poetic patterns that would become integral to Polish literary language. He has been called the greatest Polish poet before ... Park

Architecture

Main places and buildings

Rudolf Kern Building at 1, corner with Gdańska Street

Polish Theatre in Bydgoszcz, at 2

Tenement at 3

House at 4, corner with Paderewskiego street

House at 5

Rosenthal building at 7

Tenement at 9

Corner house with January 20, 1920 street

Corner house with January 20, 1920 street

Villa at 11

Villas at 13/15

Villa Józef Święcicki at 17

Sculpture ''The awaking of the elves'' ()

Corner house at 1 Paderewskiego street

Corner house at 10 Paderewskiego street

See also

References

External links

Bibliography

Jan Kochanowski Jan Kochanowski (; 1530 – 22 August 1584) was a Polish Renaissance poet who wrote in Latin and Polish and established poetic patterns that would become integral to Polish literary language. He has been called the greatest Polish poet before ...
Park