Active corruption consists of the act of offering (this offering can be done in various ways) an advantage, any kind of benefit, or satisfaction of will that may affect the morality of Public Administration. It is only characterized when the advantage is offered to a

public official An official is someone who holds an office (function or mandate, regardless of whether it carries an actual working space with it) in an organization or government and participates in the exercise of authority (either their own or that of the ...

. If there is a request (passive corruption) or imposition (extortion) by the official for the offered advantage, the act of yielding to this request or pressure through payment does not constitute active corruption, since the penal code only includes the verb "offer". There is no negligent form for active corruption; it requires the intent of the individual to corrupt the public agent. ''Qualified form'' - due to the offering, the official actually delays or omits an official act, or performs an act in violation of their duty. Note that if there is effective action, but not an official act, the assigned type will be in the main provision and not in the qualified form. Active corruption, committed by an outsider, who offers or promises an undue advantage, is provided for in Article 333 of the Brazilian Penal Code. Active corruption was the subject of studies and criticisms even by

Islamic theology Schools of Islamic theology are various Islamic schools and branches in different schools of thought regarding creed. The main schools of Islamic theology include the extant Mu'tazili, Ash'ari, Maturidi, and Athari schools; the extinct ones ...

in the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and ...

Ibn Khaldun Ibn Khaldun (27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406, 732–808 Hijri year, AH) was an Arabs, Arab Islamic scholar, historian, philosopher and sociologist. He is widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest social scientists of the Middle Ages, and cons ...

Muqaddimah The ''Muqaddimah'' ( "Introduction"), also known as the ''Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldun'' () or ''Ibn Khaldun's Introduction (writing), Prolegomena'' (), is a book written by the historian Ibn Khaldun in 1377 which presents a view of Universal histo ...

, : An Introduction to History

377 __NOTOC__ Year 377 ( CCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Merobaudes (or, less frequently, year 1130 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denominat ...

translated into English by

Franz Rosenthal Franz Rosenthal (August 31, 1914 – April 8, 2003) was the Louis M. Rabinowitz Professor of Semitic Languages at Yale University from 1956 to 1967 and Sterling Professor Emeritus of Arabic, scholar of Arabic literature and Islam at Yale from 196 ...

(Princeton, 1967 st ed. 1958. Pages: 377-379

References

Active Corruption Corruption {{Poli-stub