Acrocephalus Scirpaceus

The common reed warbler (''Acrocephalus scirpaceus'') is an Old World warbler in the genus '' Acrocephalus''. It breeds across Europe into the temperate western Palaearctic where it is migratory, wintering in sub-Saharan Africa. It is also a resident species over large parts of Africa.

Taxonomy

The common reed warbler was formally described in 1804 by the French naturalist Johann Hermann under the binomial name ''Turdus scirpaceus''. The type locality is Alsace. The common reed warbler is now one of around 40 species placed in the genus '' Acrocephalus'' that was introduced by Johann Andreas Naumann and his son Johann Friedrich Naumann in 1811. The genus name ''Acrocephalus'' is from Ancient Greek ''akros'', "highest", and ''kephale'', "head". It is possible that the Naumanns thought ''akros'' meant "sharp-pointed". The specific ''scirpaceus'' is from Latin and means "reed".

Ten subspecies are recognised:
* ''A. s. scirpaceus'' (Hermann, 1804) – breeds in Europe to west Russia, Ukraine and west Turkey, northwest Africa, winters in west, central Africa
* ''A. s. fuscus'' ( Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) – breeds in north Egypt and central Turkey through the Middle East to southeast European Russia, north Iran, Kazakhstan and northwest China; winters in eastern and southern Africa
* ''A. s. avicenniae'' Ash, Pearson, DJ, Nikolaus & Colston, 1989 – coasts of the Red Sea
* ''A. s. ammon'' Hering, Winkler & Steinheimer, 2016 – Oases along the Libya-Egypt border region
* ''A. s. ambiguus'' ( Brehm, AE, 1857) – Iberian Peninsula and northwest Africa
* ''A. s. minor'' Lynes, 1923 – Sahel region from Senegal to west-central Sudan (Darfur)
* ''A. s. cinnamomeus'' Reichenow, 1908 – west Ethiopia and south Somalia south through South Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Zambia and Mozambique; patchy distribution in west Africa from south Cameroon to possibly Niger and Mali
* ''A. s. suahelicus'' Grote, 1926 – east Tanzania to east Mozambique and eastern South Africa
* ''A. s. hallae'' White, CMN, 1960 – southwest Angola to southwest Zambia and south to western South Africa
* ''A. s. baeticatus'' (Vieillot, 1817) – north Botswana and Zimbabwe to southern South Africa

An older scientific name for the reed warbler was ''Acrocephalus streperus'' (Vieill.).For instance in ; see also: image on Wikimedia Commons.

The mostly resident Iberian and African subspecies are sometimes treated as a separate species, the African reed warbler (''Acrocephalus baeticatus'').

Description

This is a medium-sized warbler, in length with a wing-span of . The adult has an unstreaked brown back and buff underparts. The forehead is flattened, and the bill is strong and pointed. The sexes are identical, as with most warblers, but young birds are richer buff below. The common reed warbler looks similar to the great reed warbler, but the great reed warbler is larger in size and has a stronger supercilium.

The song is a slow, chattering ''jit-jit-jit'' with typically acrocephaline whistles and mimicry added.

Distribution and habitat

This small passerine bird is a species found almost exclusively in reed beds, usually with some bushes. They can also be found in damp scrub.

Behaviour and ecology

Food and feeding

Like most warblers, it is insectivorous, but will occasionally take plant material such as berries.

Breeding

The males return to the breeding grounds two or three weeks before the females. The species is usually monogamous. The first eggs are laid at the end of April. The nest is usually placed in vegetation over water, especially in reeds of the genus ''Phragmites''. The deep cylindrical cup nest is sited on average —range is between —above the surface of the water and is built entirely by the female. She takes four days to build the initial cup of grass, reed stems and leaves, and another three days to complete the lining of finer material including hair. The clutch contains three to five eggs that are laid daily. The eggs are very pale green with speckles and blotches of olive green or grey. On average they measure and weigh . They are incubated by both parents, beginning after the penultimate egg is laid. Only the female incubates at night. The eggs hatch after 9–12 days. The nestlings are fed and cared for by both parents. They fledge after 10–12 days but continue to be fed by their parents for another 10–14 days. Up to one third of pairs raise a second brood.

The common reed warbler is one of the species that are brood parasitised by the common cuckoo.

Gallery

A history of British birds (1871) (14746972441).jpg, Placement of nest
Reed Warbler Nest 10-06-12 (7173408749).jpg, View of nest with clutch
Acrocephalus scirpaceus MHNT 323 Larache MAroc RdN.jpg, Reed warbler eggs
Cuculus canorus canorus MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.149.14.jpg, ''Cuculus canorus canorus'' egg in a clutch of ''Acrocephalus scirpaceus'' - MHNT
Reed warbler cuckoo.jpg, Common cuckoo chick fed by reed warbler adult
Acrocephalus scirpaceus 2015-05.jpg, Common reed warbler

References

Sources

*

External links

Eurasian reed warbler videos, photos & sounds
on the Internet Bird Collection

AvibaseAgeing and sexing (PDF; 2.3 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze

Bibliography

* Kishkinev, D., Chernetsov, N., Pakhomov, A., Heyers, D., and Mouritsen, H. (2015). ''Eurasian reed warblers compensate for virtual magnetic displacement''. Curr. Biol. 25, R822–R824

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Common reed warbler
Birds of Europe
Birds of Central Asia
Birds of Africa
Wintering birds of Africa
Common reed warbler