Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement (ACSA) are negotiated on a

bilateral Bilateral may refer to any concept including two sides, in particular: *Bilateria, bilateral animals *Bilateralism, the political and cultural relations between two states *Bilateral, occurring on both sides of an organism ( Anatomical terms of l ...

basis between the

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

and its NATO allies or coalition partners that allow

US forces The United States Armed Forces are the Military, military forces of the United States. U.S. United States Code, federal law names six armed forces: the United States Army, Army, United States Marine Corps, Marine Corps, United States Navy, Na ...

to exchange most common types of support, including food, fuel, transportation,

ammunition Ammunition, also known as ammo, is the material fired, scattered, dropped, or detonated from any weapon or weapon system. The term includes both expendable weapons (e.g., bombs, missiles, grenades, land mines), and the component parts of oth ...

, and equipment. The agreement does not, in any way commit a country to any military action. ACSAs also exist between third-party countries. Both Japan and South Korea have formed ACSAs with countries other than the US. As of February 2020, the US had ACSAs with 120 countries, with several additional countries that are eligible for ACSAs, including most

NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ; , OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental Transnationalism, transnational military alliance of 32 Member states of NATO, member s ...

nations, as well as the

NATO Support and Procurement Agency The NATO Support and Procurement Agency (NSPA) is NATO's lead organisation for multinational Acquisition, Support and Sustainment in all domains. Established in 1958, NSPA links industry capabilities and national requirements to provide the most ...

(NSPA),

NATO Allied Command Transformation The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ; , OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental transnational military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American. Established in the aftermath ...

, and

Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe The Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) is the military headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Allied Command Operations (ACO) that commands all NATO operations worldwide. SHAPE is situated in the villag ...

(SHAPE). ACSAs diminish logistics burdens and are considered vital logistics enablers by providing on site commanders increased interoperability, enhanced operational readiness and cost effective joint support. The ACSA accomplishes this by establishing a mechanism to provide logistical supplies between two parties in exchange for reimbursement either in cash, replacement in kind, or equal value exchange.

History

The Acquisition and Cross Servicing Agreement (ACSA) statute (formerly known as " NATO Mutual Support Act") was enacted to simplify exchanges of logistic support, supplies, and services between the United States and other NATO forces. It was subsequently amended in 1987, to permit ACSAs with the governments of eligible non-NATO countries, with further amendments in 1989 and 1990. It also requires equal-value exchanges (EVEs) of logistic support, supplies, and services and allows ACSAs with United Nations organizations and to authorize the loan or lease of equipment. Annual reports are required listing all ACSA transactions in the previous fiscal year and projecting requirements for the next fiscal year. The ACSA authorities provide the combatant commanders and the Service component or sub-unified commands the means to acquire and provide mutual logistic support during training and expulsion, exercises and military operations, or to permit expedited access to the logistics assets of foreign country armed forces to satisfy the logistics support requirements of deployed US Armed Forces.

Japan (ACSA)

Japan have a signed the acquisition and cross-servicing agreement (ACSA) with 8 countries up to 25 November 2024 which are Australia, Canada, Germany, France, India, Italy, United Kingdom and the United States.https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/01/29/japan/japan-germany-military-supply-pact/

References

ACSA Agreement Countries effective 2014
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External links

Chapter 138 U.S.C Title 10 - Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreements

* ttps://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/fmr/Combined_Volume1-16.pdf DoDFMR 7000.14-R Volume 11A, Chapter 8 - International Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreements
U.S. Government Accountability Office: DOD Should Improve Oversight and Seek Payment from Foreign Partners for Thousands of Orders it Identifies as Overdue
1986 in American law United States Department of Defense Military alliances 1992 in law 1994 in law Treaties of the United States