''Ackama paniculosa'',

synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are a ...

''Caldcluvia paniculosa'', known as the soft corkwood, is a rainforest tree of eastern

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

. It occurs from

Ourimbah Ourimbah () is a small township in the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia, located about north of the state capital Sydney. Ourimbah is located approximately halfway between Sydney and Newcastle. The township today consists of ...

Central Coast (New South Wales) The Central Coast is a peri-urbanisation, peri-urban region lying on the Pacific Ocean in eastern New South Wales, Australia. The region is situated north of Sydney, and is filled with subtropical national parks, forests and also encompasses th ...

at 33° S to Eungella National Park (20° S) in tropical

Queensland Queensland ( , commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a States and territories of Australia, state in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Austr ...

. Other common names include corkwood, rose-leaf marara, brown alder and sugarbark. The habitat of ''Ackama paniculosa'' includes riverine, littoral, tropical, subtropical and warm temperate rainforests. It is also found in the

ecotone An ecotone is a transitional area between two plant communities, where these meet and integrate. Examples include areas between grassland and forest, estuaries and lagoon, freshwater and sea water etc. An ecotone may be narrow or wide, and it ma ...

eucalyptus ''Eucalyptus'' () is a genus of more than 700 species of flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae. Most species of ''Eucalyptus'' are trees, often Mallee (habit), mallees, and a few are shrubs. Along with several other genera in the tribe Eucalyp ...

and rainforests. The tree may be identified in the rainforest by the unusually soft corky bark.

Description

A medium to large sized tree with a buttressed base. Sometimes over 40 metres tall and in excess of 90 cm wide at the butt. The trunk is cylindrical with soft corky bark, greyish fawn in colour. Leaves form in groups of five to seven leaflets, sometimes in threes. Leaves are hairy, opposite and toothed, 5 to 12 cm long. Creamy white flowers form on compound

panicle In botany, a panicle is a much-branched inflorescence. (softcover ). Some authors distinguish it from a compound spike inflorescence, by requiring that the flowers (and fruit) be pedicellate (having a single stem per flower). The branches of a p ...

s in November. The fruit is a red capsule, containing a few hairy oval flattened seeds, 1 mm long. The fruit matures from February to June.

Taxonomy

The species has a complex nomenclatural history. It was first described by

Ferdinand von Mueller Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Victoria, Australia ...

in 1860 under the name ''Weinmannia paniculata'' F.Muell. However, this combination had already been published in 1797 by

Antonio José Cavanilles Antonio José Cavanilles (16 January 1745 – 5 May 1804) was a leading Spanish taxonomic botanist, artist and one of the most important figures in the 18th century period of Enlightenment in Spain. Cavanilles is most famous for his 2-vol ...

for a Chilean species. Realizing his error, Mueller in 1861 published the replacement name ''Weinmannia paniculosa'' F.Muell., which is the correct

basionym In the scientific name of organisms, basionym or basyonym means the original name on which a new name is based; the author citation of the new name should include the authors of the basionym in parentheses. The term "basionym" is used in both botan ...

(base name) for this species. When

Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler (25 March 1844 – 10 October 1930) was a German botanist. He is notable for his work on plant taxonomy and phytogeography, such as ''Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien'' (''The Natural Plant Families''), edited with ...

moved the species to the genus ''Ackama'' in 1891, he incorrectly used Mueller's earlier illegitimate name as the basis, calling the species ''Ackama paniculata'' Eng. In 1947, the combination ''Ackama paniculosa'' Beuzev. & C.T.White was put forward, but incorrectly, as there was no reference to Mueller's legitimate basionym. The species continued to be placed in ''Ackama'', but without a legitimate name. In 1979, when Ruurd Dirk Hoogland transferred all the species of ''Ackama'' to ''Caldcluvia'', he correctly used the name ''Caldcluvia paniculosa'' (F.Muell.) Hoogland. In 2013, transfer back to ''Ackama'' was proposed, and a valid name in this genus, ''Ackama paniculosa'' (F.Muell.) Heslewood, was published for the first time by Margaret M. Heslewood and Peter G. Wilson.

References

{{Taxonbar, from1=Q64104078, from2=Q614615 Cunoniaceae Oxalidales of Australia Flora of New South Wales Flora of Queensland Trees of Australia Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller