HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Achomi (), also known as Khodmooni and Larestani, is a
Middle Persian Middle Persian, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg ( Inscriptional Pahlavi script: , Manichaean script: , Avestan script: ) in its later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasania ...
(Parsig) derived and Southwestern Iranian language spoken by the Achomi people in southern Fars and western Hormozgan and by significant numbers of
Ajam (, ) is an Arabic word for a non-Arab, especially a Persian. It was historically used as a pejorative—figuratively ascribing muteness to those whose native language is not Arabic—during and after the Muslim conquest of Iran. Since the ea ...
citizens in the
UAE The United Arab Emirates (UAE), or simply the Emirates, is a country in West Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is a federal elective monarchy made up of seven emirates, with Abu Dhabi serving as i ...
,
Bahrain Bahrain, officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, is an island country in West Asia. Situated on the Persian Gulf, it comprises a small archipelago of 50 natural islands and an additional 33 artificial islands, centered on Bahrain Island, which mak ...
,
Kuwait Kuwait, officially the State of Kuwait, is a country in West Asia and the geopolitical region known as the Middle East. It is situated in the northern edge of the Arabian Peninsula at the head of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to Iraq–Kuwait ...
, and other neighbouring countries. It is the predominant language of Gerash,
Larestan Larestan County () is in Fars province, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Lar, Iran, Lar. History Early history In the Middle Ages, medieval ages, Laristan was ruled by the local Miladian dynasty, until it was removed by a Safavi ...
, Lamerd, Khonj, and
Evaz Evaz () (Arabic: عوض) is a city in the Central District (Evaz County), Central District of Evaz County, Fars province, Fars province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. The people of Evaz are Khodmooni with mixed ...
counties in Fars and Bastak County and Ruydar in Hormozgan province. Moreover, many cities, towns, and villages in Iran have their own particular dialect, such as
Larestan Larestan County () is in Fars province, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Lar, Iran, Lar. History Early history In the Middle Ages, medieval ages, Laristan was ruled by the local Miladian dynasty, until it was removed by a Safavi ...
, Khonj, Gerash,
Evaz Evaz () (Arabic: عوض) is a city in the Central District (Evaz County), Central District of Evaz County, Fars province, Fars province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. The people of Evaz are Khodmooni with mixed ...
, Ashkanan, Bastak, Lar, and Banaruiyeh. The majority of Achomi speakers are
Sunni Muslims Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam and the largest religious denomination in the world. It holds that Muhammad did not appoint any successor and that his closest companion Abu Bakr () rightfully succeeded him as the caliph of the Musli ...
, with a minority being
Shia Muslims Shia Islam is the second-largest Islamic schools and branches, branch of Islam. It holds that Muhammad in Islam, Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib () as both his political Succession to Muhammad, successor (caliph) and as the spiritual le ...
. The Achomi language is considered a descendant of the
Sassanid The Sasanian Empire (), officially Eranshahr ( , "Empire of the Iranian peoples, Iranians"), was an List of monarchs of Iran, Iranian empire that was founded and ruled by the House of Sasan from 224 to 651. Enduring for over four centuries, th ...
Persian language or
Middle Persian Middle Persian, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg ( Inscriptional Pahlavi script: , Manichaean script: , Avestan script: ) in its later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasania ...
.گويش مردم اوز. نسرين انصاف پور و محمد رفيع ضيايى 1396


Etymology and name of the language

There are different ways to refer to this language. *Achomi: Native speakers often refer to their language as "ačomī", which means "I go" in the language. Other explanations for this name are the language's frequent usage of the ʃconsonant, and that Arabs, with whom these people traded, called them '
Ajam (, ) is an Arabic word for a non-Arab, especially a Persian. It was historically used as a pejorative—figuratively ascribing muteness to those whose native language is not Arabic—during and after the Muslim conquest of Iran. Since the ea ...
', which means non-Arab. *Khodmooni: In GCC states surrounding the
Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf, sometimes called the Arabian Gulf, is a Mediterranean seas, mediterranean sea in West Asia. The body of water is an extension of the Arabian Sea and the larger Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula.Un ...
, Achomis are referred to as Khodmooni'. This translates to "of our own kind". * Lari: This language is sometimes called Lari. To reiterate, 'Lar' originates from 'Lad' which means "the origin of everything". It is also important to note that Lari can be used to refer to a dialect or a language.


History

Achomi language and its various local dialects such as Lari, Evazi, Khonji, Gerashi, Bastaki, etc... and is a branch of the Middle Persian ( Pahlavi) language of the Sassanid Empire. Today, the language is known as an endangered language. In particular, UNESCO refers to it as a "definitely endangered" language with approximately 1,180,000 speakers. It also does not have official language status in Iran. This is because Iran only recognizes standard Persian as an official language. However, Iran allows the use of minority languages, such as Achomi, in the media and the education system (alongside Persian). Nevertheless, Achomi remains an endangered language with many dialectal differences gradually disappearing because of the domination of
Iranian Iranian () may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Iran ** Iranian diaspora, Iranians living outside Iran ** Iranian architecture, architecture of Iran and parts of the rest of West Asia ** Iranian cuisine, cooking traditions and practic ...
Tehrani
New Persian New Persian (), also known as Modern Persian () is the current stage of the Persian language spoken since the 8th to 9th centuries until now in Greater Iran and surroundings. It is conventionally divided into three stages: Early New Persian (8th ...
(Farsi). Many Iranians moved to GCC States in order to pursue better economic opportunities. This included Achomis. These Achomis are often multilingual. Achomi migrants still speak this language in their homes, however, this variety has been influenced by the
Arabic language Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns lang ...
a little but is mutually intelligible with standard Persian.


Classification

The language is a branch of the Pahlavi language. This means that it shares the ergative structure of Pahlavi. It is also an analytical language. This can be linked back to its membership in the southwestern branch of Middle-Iranian languages. Except for the regional accent, pronunciation of certain words, and a slight variation in grammar, this old language has been the common language of the Southwestern Pars Province and parts of Hormozgan province for nearly 1,800 years despite the various conquests of the region since the fall of the
Sassanid Empire The Sasanian Empire (), officially Eranshahr ( , "Empire of the Iranians"), was an Iranian empire that was founded and ruled by the House of Sasan from 224 to 651. Enduring for over four centuries, the length of the Sasanian dynasty's reign ...
.


Dialects

Achomi has many dialects. These dialects correspond to Larestan's different towns. Examples of these dialects include Lari, Evazi, Gerashi, Khonji and Bastaki. These dialectical variations may present themselves through pronunciation. There may also be grammatical and word differences between the dialects. Hence, if the speaker is from
Evaz Evaz () (Arabic: عوض) is a city in the Central District (Evaz County), Central District of Evaz County, Fars province, Fars province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. The people of Evaz are Khodmooni with mixed ...
, they are referred as speaking Evazi, and if they are from Bastak their dialect is known as Bastaki. An example of a dialectal variation: in some particular regions, Achomi people say ''raftom'' for "I went" (very similar to the Persian ''raftam''), but in some other regions, just as Lar people, they say ( Kurdish: ''dichim'' or ''dechim)'' instead.


Samples


Vocabulary


Grammatical features


Past tense verbs


= First type

= To make
simple past The simple past, past simple, or past indefinite, in English equivalent to the preterite, is the basic form of the past tense in Modern English. It is used principally to describe events in the past, although it also has some other uses. Regular E ...
verbs The ids (om / ot / osh / mo / to / sho) + The simple past root of the first type. Example:


= Second type

= The root of the
past simple The past is the set of all events that occurred before a given point in time. The past is contrasted with and defined by the present and the future. The concept of the past is derived from the linear fashion in which human observers experience ...
second type + ids (em / esh / ruleless / am / ee / en) Example: And...


Ergativity

To create an
ergative verb In general linguistics, a labile verb (or ergative / diffused / ambivalent verb) is a verb that undergoes causative alternation; that is, it can be used both transitively and intransitively, with the requirement that the direct object of its t ...
in past tense we can use the verb root plus its proper prefix. For example, in Achomi, the root for the verb "to tell" is "''got"'' (''gota'' equals "tell"). Another example: "deda" means "see," and "dee" Kurdish (Deed or dee) is the root verb. So:


Simple present

To create a
simple present The simple present, present simple or present indefinite is one of the verb forms associated with the present tense in modern English. It is commonly referred to as a tense, although it also encodes certain information about aspect in addit ...
or continued present tense of a transitive verb, here's another example: For the verb "see" ("deda"): adead'em, adeda'esh, adeaday,...


Sentences


Poetry


See also

*
Kuwaiti Persian Kuwaiti Persian, known in Kuwait as ʿīmi (sometimes spelled Eimi)Written in Arabic alphabet as "عيمي", and pronounced in Kuwaiti Arabic and in Kuwaiti Persian. Sometimes it is also referred to as ايراني "Iranian", but this could ref ...
* Kumzari language


External links


Radio Achomestan
on
Instagram Instagram is an American photo sharing, photo and Short-form content, short-form video sharing social networking service owned by Meta Platforms. It allows users to upload media that can be edited with Social media camera filter, filters, be ...
.


References

{{authority control Southwestern Iranian languages Languages of Iran