Achlya Apiculata
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''Achlya'' is a genus of
oomycete The Oomycetes (), or Oomycota, form a distinct phylogenetic lineage of fungus-like eukaryotic microorganisms within the Stramenopiles. They are filamentous and heterotrophic, and can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction o ...
(water mold), in the family
Saprolegniaceae Saprolegniaceae is a Family (biology), family of water mould, freshwater mould. James Ellis Humphrey (1861-1897), an American mycologist did significant work on this family. Taxonomy Saprolegniaceae contains the following genera, species, and su ...
. The genus includes several plant pathogens including '' Achlya conspicua'' and '' Achlya klebsiana''. Unlike many other microorganisms, cell expansion is governed by changes in cell wall strength rather than changes in osmotic pressure. The genome of '' Achlya hypogyna'' has been sequenced and can be accessed on public online databases, for example on the NCBI website (
National Center for Biotechnology Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The NCBI is lo ...
). The genus was first
circumscribed In geometry, a circumscribed circle for a set of points is a circle passing through each of them. Such a circle is said to ''circumscribe'' the points or a polygon formed from them; such a polygon is said to be ''inscribed'' in the circle. * Circum ...
in Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. vol.11 on page 514 in 1823 by
Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (14 February 1776 – 16 March 1858) was a prolific Germany, German botanist, physician, zoologist, and natural philosopher. He was a contemporary of Goethe and was born within the lifetime of Carl Li ...
. The type species is '' Achlya prolifera''. The genus name of ''Achlya'' is named after
Achlys Achlys ( "mist"), in the Hesiodic '' Shield of Heracles'', is one of the figures depicted on Heracles' shield, perhaps representing the personification of sorrow. In Homer, ''achlys'' is the mist which fogs or blinds mortal eyes (often in dea ...
, who in the
Hesiodic Hesiod ( or ; ''Hēsíodos''; ) was an ancient Greek poet generally thought to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer.M. L. West, ''Hesiod: Theogony'', Oxford University Press (1966), p. 40.Jasper Griffin, " ...
''
Shield of Heracles The ''Shield of Heracles'' (, ''Aspis Hērakleous'') is an archaic Greek epic poem that was attributed to Hesiod during antiquity. The subject of the poem is the expedition of Heracles and Iolaus against Cycnus, the son of Ares, who challenged ...
'', is one of the figures depicted on
Heracles Heracles ( ; ), born Alcaeus (, ''Alkaios'') or Alcides (, ''Alkeidēs''), was a Divinity, divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of ZeusApollodorus1.9.16/ref> and Alcmene, and the foster son of Amphitryon.By his adoptive descent through ...
' shield, perhaps representing the personification of sorrow. Several ''Achyla'' spp. are pathogens of rice
seedling A seedling is a young sporophyte developing out of a plant embryo from a seed. Seedling development starts with germination of the seed. A typical young seedling consists of three main parts: the radicle (embryonic root), the hypocotyl (embry ...
s.


Species

As accepted by
Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partn ...
; *'' Achlya abortispora'' *''
Achlya abortiva ''Achlya'' is a genus of oomycete (water mold), in the family Saprolegniaceae. The genus includes several plant pathogens including '' Achlya conspicua'' and '' Achlya klebsiana''. Unlike many other microorganisms, cell expansion is governed by c ...
'' *''
Achlya achlyoides ''Achlya'' is a genus of oomycete (water mold), in the family Saprolegniaceae. The genus includes several plant pathogens including '' Achlya conspicua'' and '' Achlya klebsiana''. Unlike many other microorganisms, cell expansion is governed by c ...
'' *''
Achlya ambisexualis ''Achlya'' is a genus of oomycete (water mold), in the family Saprolegniaceae. The genus includes several plant pathogens including ''Achlya conspicua'' and ''Achlya klebsiana''. Unlike many other microorganisms, cell expansion is governed by cha ...
'' Raper (1939) *''
Achlya ambispora ''Achlya'' is a genus of oomycete (water mold), in the family Saprolegniaceae. The genus includes several plant pathogens including '' Achlya conspicua'' and '' Achlya klebsiana''. Unlike many other microorganisms, cell expansion is governed by c ...
'' Steciow (2001) *''
Achlya americana ''Achlya'' is a genus of oomycete (water mold), in the family Saprolegniaceae. The genus includes several plant pathogens including '' Achlya conspicua'' and '' Achlya klebsiana''. Unlike many other microorganisms, cell expansion is governed by c ...
'' *''
Achlya androcomposita ''Achlya'' is a genus of oomycete (water mold), in the family Saprolegniaceae. The genus includes several plant pathogens including '' Achlya conspicua'' and '' Achlya klebsiana''. Unlike many other microorganisms, cell expansion is governed by c ...
'' *''
Achlya anomala ''Achlya'' is a genus of oomycete (water mold), in the family Saprolegniaceae. The genus includes several plant pathogens including '' Achlya conspicua'' and '' Achlya klebsiana''. Unlike many other microorganisms, cell expansion is governed by c ...
'' *''
Achlya aquatica ''Achlya'' is a genus of oomycete (water mold), in the family Saprolegniaceae. The genus includes several plant pathogens including '' Achlya conspicua'' and '' Achlya klebsiana''. Unlike many other microorganisms, cell expansion is governed by c ...
'' Dayal & J. Thakur (1969) *''
Achlya bisexualis ''Achlya bisexualis'' is a species of water mold. It is described as being close to '' Achlya flagellata'', differing by it striking heterothallism Heterothallic species have sexes that reside in different individuals. The term is applied par ...
'' Coker & Couch (1927) *''
Achlya bispora ''Achlya'' is a genus of oomycete (water mold), in the family Saprolegniaceae. The genus includes several plant pathogens including '' Achlya conspicua'' and '' Achlya klebsiana''. Unlike many other microorganisms, cell expansion is governed by c ...
'' *''
Achlya bonariensis ''Achlya'' is a genus of oomycete (water mold), in the family Saprolegniaceae. The genus includes several plant pathogens including ''Achlya conspicua'' and ''Achlya klebsiana''. Unlike many other microorganisms, cell expansion is governed by cha ...
'' *'' Achlya caroliniana'' *'' Achlya colorata'' Pringsh. (1882) *'' Achlya conspicua'' Coker (1923) *'' Achlya crenulata'' *'' Achlya debaryana'' *'' Achlya diffusa'' *'' Achlya dubia'' *'' Achlya echinulata'' *'' Achlya flagellata'' *'' Achlya flexuosa'' *'' Achlya formosana'' *'' Achlya fuegiana'' *'' Achlya glomerata'' *'' Achlya haehneliana'' *'' Achlya heterosexualis'' *'' Achlya imperfecta'' Coker (1923) *'' Achlya inflata'' *'' Achlya intricata'' *'' Achlya kamatii'' *'' Achlya kashyapia'' *'' Achlya klebsiana'' Pieters (1915) *'' Achlya lobata'' *'' Achlya michiganensis'' *'' Achlya orion'' Coker & Couch (1920) *'' Achlya oryzae'' *'' Achlya oviparvula'' *'' Achlya pacifica'' *'' Achlya papillosa'' *'' Achlya primoachlya'' *'' Achlya prolifera'' *'' Achlya proliferoides'' *'' Achlya pseudoachlyoides'' *'' Achlya pseudoradiosa'' *'' Achlya racemosa'' Hildebr. (1867) *'' Achlya radiosa'' *'' Achlya regularis'' *'' Achlya robusta'' *'' Achlya rodrigueziana'' *'' Achlya sparrowii'' *'' Achlya spiracaulis'' *'' Achlya spiralis'' *'' Achlya subterranea'' *'' Achlya truncatiformis'' M.W. Dick & Mark A. Spencer (2002) *'' Achlya tuberculata'' *'' Achlya turfosa'' Former species; (all are Saprolegniaceae family) * ''A. abortiva'' f. ''normalis'' = ''Achlya abortiva'' * ''A. acadiensis'' = '' Newbya androgyna'', * ''A. ambisexualis'' var. ''abjointa'' = ''Achlya ambisexualis'' * ''A. ambisexualis'' var. ''gracilis'' = ''Achlya ambisexualis'' * ''A. americana'' var. ''cambrica'' = ''Achlya americana'' * ''A. americana'' var. ''megasperma'' = ''Achlya americana'' * ''A. americana'' var. ''megasperma'' = ''Achlya americana'' * ''A. androgyna'' = '' Newbya androgyna'' * ''A. apiculata'' = '' Newbya apiculata'' * ''A. apiculata'' var. ''forbesiana'' = '' Newbya apiculata'' * ''A. apiculata'' var. ''prolifica'' = '' Newbya apiculata'' * ''A. benekei'' = '' Protoachlya benekei'' * ''A. bisexualis'' var. ''ambisexualis'' = ''Achlya ambisexualis'' * ''A. brasiliensis'' = '' Newbya brasiliensis'' * ''A. braunii'' = '' Newbya androgyna'' * ''A. cambrica'' = ''Achlya americana'' * ''A. curvicollis'' = '' Newbya curvicollis'' * ''A. debaryana'' var. ''americana'' = ''Achlya americana'', * ''A. debaryana'' var. ''intermedia'' = ''Achlya debaryana'' * ''A. dioica'' = '' Saprolegnia dioica'', Saprolegniaceae * ''A. dubia'' var. ''pigmenta'' = ''Achlya dubia'' * ''A. flagellata'' var. ''yezoensis'' = ''Achlya flagellata'' * ''A. klebsiana'' var. ''indica'' = ''Achlya klebsiana'' * ''A. lignicola'' = ''Achlya racemosa'' * ''A. megasperma'' = '' Newbya megasperma'' * ''A. mucronata'' = '' Protoachlya mucronata'' * ''A. oblongata'' = '' Newbya oblongata'' * ''A. oblongata'' var. ''gigantica'' = '' Newbya oblongata'' * ''A. oblongata'' var. ''globosa'' = '' Newbya oblongata'' * ''A. oligocantha'' = '' Newbya oligocantha'' * ''A. oligocantha'' var. ''brevispina'' = '' Newbya oligocantha'' * ''A. ornata'' = '' Newbya pascuicola'' * ''A. paradoxa'' = '' Isoachlya paradoxa'' * ''A. polyandra sensu'' = ''Achlya debaryana'' * ''A. polyandra'' = '' Newbya polyandra'' * ''A. racemosa'' f. ''maxima'' = ''Achlya racemosa'' * ''A. racemosa'' f. ''polyspora'' = ''Achlya racemosa'' * ''A. racemosa'' var. ''lignicola'' = ''Achlya racemosa'' * ''A. racemosa'' var. ''maxima'' = ''Achlya racemosa'' * ''A. racemosa'' var. ''spinosa'' = '' Newbya spinosa'' * ''A. racemosa'' var. ''stelligera'' = ''Achlya racemosa'' * ''A. recurva'' = '' Newbya recurva'' * ''A. spinosa'' = '' Newbya spinosa'' * ''A. stellata'' = '' Newbya stellata'' * ''A. stellata'' var. ''multispora'' = '' Protoachlya mucronata'' * ''A. treleaseana'' = '' Newbya androgyna''


References

* * *


Further reading

* * Oomycete genera Saprolegniales Long stubs with short prose {{watermould-stub