''Acanthodoris'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
sea slug
Sea slug is a common name for some Marine biology, marine invertebrates with varying levels of resemblance to terrestrial Slug, slugs. Most creatures known as sea slugs are gastropods, i.e. they are Sea snail, sea snails (marine gastropod moll ...
s, dorid
nudibranch
Nudibranchs () are a group of soft-bodied marine gastropod molluscs, belonging to the order Nudibranchia, that shed their shells after their larval stage. They are noted for their often extraordinary colours and striking forms, and they have b ...
s, shell-less
marine gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusk
Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...
s in the family
Onchidorididae
Onchidorididae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Onchidoridoidea.Thompson, T. E., & Brown, G.H., 1984Biology of opisthobranch Molluscs.Vol. 2. Ray Society; London. 1-229, p.49
...
.
[Gofas, S. (2015)]
''Acanthodoris'' Gray, 1850.
In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2016-01-09 The genus is believed to have originated in the
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the ...
in the
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 143.1 to 66 mya (unit), million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era (geology), Era, as well as the longest. At around 77.1 million years, it is the ...
period and spread to the
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five Borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is ...
. The relationships of ''Acanthodoris'' to the other genera in the family Onchidorididae were evaluated by
molecular phylogeny
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
in 2015.
[Hallas, JM and Gosliner, TM. (2015) ''Family Matters: the first molecular phylogeny of the Onchidorididae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia).'' Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 88: 16–27.]
Species
Species within this genus include:
*''
Acanthodoris armata'' O'Donoghue, 1927 (taxon inquirendum)
*''
Acanthodoris atrogriseata'' O'Donoghue, 1927
*''
Acanthodoris brunnea'' MacFarland, 1905
*''
Acanthodoris caerulescens'' Bergh, 1880 (taxon inquirendum)
*''
Acanthodoris falklandica'' Eliot, 1907
*''
Acanthodoris globosa'' Abraham, 1877
*''
Acanthodoris hudsoni
''Acanthodoris hudsoni'' is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Onchidorididae.
Distribution
This species was described from Point Pinos, Monterey Bay, California. It has been repo ...
'' MacFarland, 1905
*''
Acanthodoris lutea'' MacFarland, 1925
*''
Acanthodoris metulifera'' Bergh, 1905
*''
Acanthodoris mollicella'' Abraham, 1877
*''
Acanthodoris nanaimoensis'' O'Donoghue, 1921
*''
Acanthodoris nanega'' Burn, 1969
*''
Acanthodoris pilosa
''Acanthodoris pilosa'', the hairy spiny doris, is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Onchidorididae. It is found in shallow water in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, its range extendin ...
'' (Abildgaard in Müller, 1789) - type species, synonyms: ''Doris quadrangulata'' Jeffreys, 1869
*''
Acanthodoris pina'' Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1967
*''
Acanthodoris planca'' Fahey & Valdés, 2005
[Fahey S. & Valdés A. (2005)]
''A review of ''Acanthodoris'' Gray, 1850 with a Phylogenetic Analysis of Onchidorididae Alder and Hancock, 1845 (Mollusca, Nudibranchia)''.
Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences
The California Academy of Sciences is a research institute and natural history museum in San Francisco, San Francisco, California, that is among the largest List of natural history museums, museums of natural history in the world, housing over ...
56: 213–272.
*''
Acanthodoris rhodoceras'' Cockerell in Cockerell & Eliot, 1905
*''
Acanthodoris uchidai'' Baba, 1935
*''
Acanthodoris vatheleti'' Rochebrune & Mabille, 1891
(nomen dubium)
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Acanthodoris bifida'' (Verrill, 1870): synonym of ''Acanthodoris pilosa'' (Abildgaard in Müller, 1789)
* ''Acanthodoris citrina'' (Verrill, 1879): synonym of ''Acanthodoris pilosa'' (Abildgaard in Müller, 1789)
* ''Acanthodoris columbina'' MacFarland, 1926: synonym of ''Acanthodoris nanaimoensis'' O'Donoghue, 1921
* ''Acanthodoris ornata'' (Verrill, 1879): synonym of ''Acanthodoris pilosa'' (Abildgaard in Müller, 1789)
* ''Acanthodoris pallida'' Bergh, 1905: synonym of ''Acanthodoris pilosa'' (Abildgaard in Müller, 1789)
** ''Acanthodoris pilosa ornata'' (Verrill, 1879): synonym of ''Acanthodoris pilosa'' (Abildgaard in Müller, 1789)
* ''Acanthodoris serpentinotus'' Williams & Gosliner, 1979: synonym of ''Acanthodoris pina'' Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1967
* ''Acanthodoris stellata'' (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of ''Acanthodoris pilosa'' (Abildgaard in Müller, 1789)
* ''Acanthodoris stohleri'' Lance, 1968: synonym of ''Acanthodoris pina'' Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1967
* ''Acanthodoris subquadrata'' (Alder & Hancock, 1845): synonym of ''Acanthodoris pilosa'' (Abildgaard in Müller, 1789)
References
* Vaught, K.C. (1989). ''A classification of the living Mollusca''. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp.
* Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification''. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2822564
Onchidorididae
Taxa named by John Edward Gray