genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...
of
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of ...
s in the mallow family,
Malvaceae
Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar o ...
. It is distributed throughout the
tropics
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in
the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred ...
and subtropics''Abutilon''. Flora of China. of the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australia. General common names include Indian mallow''Abutilon''. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). and velvetleaf; ornamental varieties may be known as room maple, parlor maple, or flowering maple.
The genus name is an 18th-century
New Latin
New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...
word that came from the Arabic ' (), the name given by
Avicenna
Ibn Sina ( fa, ابن سینا; 980 – June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as Avicenna (), was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, philosophers, and writers of the Islam ...
to this or a similar genus.
The
type species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen( ...
is ''
Abutilon theophrasti
''Abutilon theophrasti'' (velvetleaf, velvet plant, velvetweed, Chinese jute, China jute, crown weed, buttonweed, lantern mallow, butterprint, pie-marker, or Indian mallow) is an annual plant in the family Malvaceae, native to southern Asia.
It' ...
''. Several species formerly placed in ''Abutilon'', including the cultivated species and hybrids commonly known as "flowering maples", have recently (2012, 2014) been transferred to the new genus '' Callianthe''.
tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...
s. They range in height from about 0.5 to 3 meters (1.5 to 10 feet). The herbage is generally hairy to woolly or bristly.''Abutilon''. The Jepson eFlora 2013. The leaf blades are usually entire, but the occasional species has lobed leaves. They are palmately veined and have wavy or serrated edges. Flowers are solitary, paired, or borne in small
inflorescence
An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed ...
s in the leaf axils or toward the branch tips. The
calyx
Calyx or calyce (plural "calyces"), from the Latin ''calix'' which itself comes from the Ancient Greek ''κάλυξ'' (''kálux'') meaning "husk" or "pod", may refer to:
Biology
* Calyx (anatomy), collective name for several cup-like structures ...
is bell-shaped with five lobes. The corolla is usually bell-shaped to wheel-shaped, with five
petal
Petals are modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''corolla''. Petals are usuall ...
s joined at the bases.
The flowers of wild species are most often yellow or orange, but can be red or pinkish, sometimes with a darker center. The
stamen
The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10
Morphology and terminology
A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filam ...
s are fused into a tube lined at the mouth with anthers. Inside the tube is the branching style with head-like stigmas. The fruit is a rounded or hemispherical schizocarp with up to 20 segments, each containing a few seeds.
Species
There are about 200 species in the genus.
Species include:
*'' Abutilon abutiloides'' (
Jacq.
Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin (16 February 172726 October 1817) was a scientist who studied medicine, chemistry and botany.
Biography
Born in Leiden in the Netherlands, he studied medicine at Leiden University, then moved first to Par ...
Abutilon asiaticum
''Abutilon'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropicsAbutilon auritum
''Abutilon'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropicsWall.
Nathaniel Wolff Wallich FRS FRSE (28 January 1786 – 28 April 1854) was a surgeon and botanist of Danish origin who worked in India, initially in the Danish settlement near Calcutta and later for the Danish East India Company and the British ...
Abutilon avicennae
''Abutilon theophrasti'' (velvetleaf, velvet plant, velvetweed, Chinese jute, China jute, crown weed, buttonweed, lantern mallow, butterprint, pie-marker, or Indian mallow) is an annual plant in the family Malvaceae, native to southern Asia.
It' ...
Abutilon berlandieri
''Abutilon'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropicsGray
Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed ...
ex
S.Watson
Sereno Watson (December 1, 1826 in East Windsor Hill, Connecticut – March 9, 1892 in Cambridge, Massachusetts) was an American botanist.
Graduating from Yale in 1847 in Biology, he drifted through various occupations until, in California, he j ...
A.Rich.
Achille Richard was a French botanist, botanical illustrator and physician (27 April 1794 in Paris – 5 October 1852).
Biography
Achille was the son of the botanist Louis-Claude Marie Richard (1754–1821). He was a pharmacist in the Frenc ...
*''
Abutilon buchii
''Abutilon'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropicsUrb.
*'' Abutilon darwinii'' Hook.f. – Darwin's mallow
*''
Abutilon eremitopetalum
''Abutilon eremitopetalum'', commonly known as the hidden-petaled abutilon or hiddenpetal Indian mallow, is a species of flowering shrub
A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous ...
'' Caum – hiddenpetal Indian mallow ( Lānai in Hawaii)
*''
Abutilon fruticosum
''Abutilon fruticosum'' is a widespread species of flowering plant in the mallow family known by the common names Texas Indian mallow, pelotazo, and sweet Indian mallow. It is native to Africa, southern and southwestern Asia (from Saudi Arabia to ...
Abutilon giganteum
''Abutilon'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropicsAbutilon grandiflorum
''Abutilon'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropicsG.Don
*''
Abutilon grandifolium
''Abutilon grandifolium'', the hairy Indian mallow, is a large shrub that is up to high with broad, leaf blades. Flowers are axillary, with a yellow corolla across, composed of petals long. The fruits are ovoid-globular schizocarps that are ...
Abutilon greveanum
''Abutilon'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropicsBaill.) Hochr.
*''
Abutilon guineense
''Abutilon guineense'' is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It has a broad distribution in Africa and has been introduced elsewhere. It may comprise more than one species, with others yet undescribed. In China it occu ...
Exell
Exell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Arthur Wallis Exell (1901–1993), British botanist and cryptographer
* Gavin Exell (born 1962), Australian rules footballer
See also
*Excell
Excell is a surname. Notable people w ...
Abutilon hypoleucum
''Abutilon'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropicsAbutilon incanum
''Abutilon icanum'', also known as hoary abutilon, pelotazo, pelotazo chico, tronadora, and ''mao'' (Hawaii), is a shrub widespread throughout the arid, warm regions of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico as well as Hawaii.
It gro ...
'' (Link) Sweet – hoary abutilon, pelotazo (
Southwestern United States
The Southwestern United States, also known as the American Southwest or simply the Southwest, is a geographic and cultural region of the United States that generally includes Arizona, New Mexico, and adjacent portions of California, Colorado, N ...
, northern
Mexico
Mexico ( Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guate ...
,
Hawaii
Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only ...
)
*''
Abutilon indicum
''Abutilon indicum'' (Indian abutilon, Indian mallow) is a small shrub in the family Malvaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions. This plant is a valuable medicinal and ornamental plant, its roots and leaves being used for curing feve ...
'' ( L.) Sweet – Indian abutilon, Indian lantern-flower, monkeybush
*''
Abutilon insigne
''Abutilon'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropicsPlanch.
*''
Abutilon julianae
''Abutilon julianae'' is a small shrub of the genus ''Abutilon'' believed endemic to Norfolk Island and nearby Phillip Island.
History
It was first recorded on Norfolk Island in 1792 by convict artist John Doody, and on Phillip Island by Ferd ...
Abutilon leonardi
''Abutilon'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropicsAbutilon leucopetalum'' ( F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex
Benth.
George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...
Baker f.
Edmund Gilbert Baker (1864–1949) was a British plant collector and botanist. He was the son of John Gilbert Baker.
Works
* ''Synopsis of Malveae'', 1895
* ''The plants of Milanji, Nyassa-land''. Con James Britten. 1894
* ''Catalogue of the Pl ...
*''
Abutilon longicuspe
''Abutilon'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropicsHochst. ex
A.Rich.
Achille Richard was a French botanist, botanical illustrator and physician (27 April 1794 in Paris – 5 October 1852).
Biography
Achille was the son of the botanist Louis-Claude Marie Richard (1754–1821). He was a pharmacist in the Frenc ...
*''
Abutilon malacum
''Abutilon'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropicsAbutilon mauritianum
''Abutilon'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropicsMedik.
*'' Abutilon megapotamicum'' A.St.-Hil. &
Naudin Naudin may refer to:
* Charles Victor Naudin (1815–1899), a French botanist
* Christophe Naudin (born 1962), a French writer
* Emilio Naudin (1823–1890), an Italian operatic tenor
* Gustave Naudin, a French World War I flying ace
See also
* S ...
Hawaii
Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only ...
Abutilon oxycarpum
''Abutilon oxycarpum'', known as flannel weed, straggly lantern-bush, and small-leaved abutilon, is a malvaceous plant native to eastern Australia. It is found on hillsides or floodplains on red sand and limestone.
Flannel weed was first descr ...
–'' small-leaved abutilon
*''
Abutilon palmeri
''Abutilon palmeri'', known as Palmer's abutilon, superstition mallow, and Palmer's Indian mallow is a species of flowering plant native the Southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.
The plant is found in the Sonoran Desert in Arizona, ...
'' A.Gray – Palmer's Indian mallow
*''
Abutilon pannosum
''Abutilon pannosum'' is a subshrub species of the family Malvaceae. It is a perennial shrub that grows up to 10 feet tall.
Morphology
Velvety, cordate
Cordate is an adjective meaning 'heart-shaped' and is most typically used for:
* Cordate ( ...
Abutilon parvulum
''Abutilon parvulum'' is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family known by the common names dwarf Indian mallow and dwarf abutilon and native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
This is a perennial herb growing from ...
'' A.Gray – dwarf Indian mallow
*''
Abutilon pauciflorum
''Abutilon'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropicsAbutilon permolle
''Abutilon'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropicsAbutilon pictum'' (
Gillies Gillies is both a Scottish surname and a given name shared by several notable people:
Surname uses
Politicians
* Duncan Gillies (1834–1903), Australian colonial and state politician
* James McPhail Gillies (born 1924), Canadian national pol ...
ex Hook.) Walp. – redvein abutilon, painted Indian mallow (syn. ''A. striatum'')
*''
Abutilon pitcairnense
''Abutilon pitcairnense'', the yellow fatu or yellow fautu, is a critically endangered perennial plant that is native to Pitcairn Island. It was once considered extinct, until a single plant was discovered on the island in 2003. At that time, cu ...
Abutilon reflexum
''Abutilon'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropicsJuss. ex Cav.) Sweet
*'' Abutilon ramiflorum'' A.St.-Hil.
*''
Abutilon ranadei
''Abutilon'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropicsAbutilon reventum
''Abutilon'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropicsAbutilon sachetianum'' Fosberg
*'' Abutilon sandwicense'' ( O.Deg.)
Christoph. Erling Christophersen (April 17, 1898 – November 9, 1994) was a Norwegian botanist, geographer and diplomat. He participated in and led several notable scientific expeditions in the 20th century, including the fifth Tanager Expedition (1924) to ...
– greenflower Indian mallow (
Oahu
Oahu () ( Hawaiian: ''Oʻahu'' ()), also known as "The Gathering Place", is the third-largest of the Hawaiian Islands. It is home to roughly one million people—over two-thirds of the population of the U.S. state of Hawaii. The island of O� ...
Klotzsch
Johann Friedrich Klotzsch (9 June 1805 – 5 November 1860) was a German pharmacist and botanist.
His principal work was in the field of mycology, with the study and description of many species of mushroom.
Klotzsch was born in Wittenberg. Origin ...
Abutilon theophrasti
''Abutilon theophrasti'' (velvetleaf, velvet plant, velvetweed, Chinese jute, China jute, crown weed, buttonweed, lantern mallow, butterprint, pie-marker, or Indian mallow) is an annual plant in the family Malvaceae, native to southern Asia.
It' ...
Abutilon thurberi
''Abutilon thurberi'', common name Thurber's Indian mallow, is a plant native to Arizona and Sonora. It is an erect or decumbent subshrub
A subshrub (Latin ''suffrutex'') or dwarf shrub is a short shrub, and is a woody plant. Prostrate shrub ...
Abutilon trisulcatum
''Abutilon'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropicsBritton &
Millsp.
Charles Frederick Millspaugh (June 20, 1854– September 15, 1923) was an American botany, botanist and physician, born at Ithaca, New York, Ithaca, New York (state), N.Y., and educated at Cornell University, Cornell and the New York Homeopathi ...
Abutilon virginianum
''Abutilon'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropicsKrapov.
Antonio Krapovickas (8 October 1921 – 17 August 2015) was an Argentine agronomist.
Krapovickas received a degree in 1948 in agronomic engineering from the University of Buenos Aires and began teaching in 1949 as Professor of Genetics and ...
Bakeridesia integerrima
''Bakeridesia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Malvaceae.
Its native range is Mexico to Venezuela, Eastern Brazil.
Species:
*'' Bakeridesia amoena''
*'' Bakeridesia bakeriana''
*'' Bakeridesia chittendenii''
*'' Bak ...
Some abutilons are cultivated as garden plants. Several hybrids and
cultivar
A cultivar is a type of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and when propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and stem cuttings, offsets, grafting, tissue culture ...
s have been developed.
Cultivars, hybrids, and species that have gained the
Royal Horticultural Society
The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity.
The RHS promotes horticulture through its five gardens at Wisley (Surrey), Hyde Hall (Essex), Harlow Carr (No ...
's
Award of Garden Merit
The Award of Garden Merit (AGM) is a long-established annual award for plants by the British Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). It is based on assessment of the plants' performance under UK growing conditions.
History
The Award of Garden Merit ...
include:
*''A. megapotamicum''
*''A.'' × ''milleri''
*'Canary Bird'
*'Cannington Carol'
*'Cannington Peter'
*'Kentish Belle'
*'Linda Vista Peach'
*'Marion'
*'Nabob'
*'Orange Glow'
*'Savitzii'
*'Souvenir de Bonn'
*'Veronica Tennant'
Abutilons can be propagated from seed or via cuttings. ''A. megapoticum'' is grown as a house plant, but needs considerable light, including several hours of sunlight per day, and moderate temperatures of . The best potting medium is a loose soil rich in organic material and sand and watered when dry to the touch. The amount of watering should be reduced from November to March and the plant pruned back one third at the end of this rest period. The plant is prone to attack by scale insects. The plant is best replaced every two to three years with new specimens.
Gallery
File:Abutilon theophrasti 002.jpg, ''
Abutilon theophrasti
''Abutilon theophrasti'' (velvetleaf, velvet plant, velvetweed, Chinese jute, China jute, crown weed, buttonweed, lantern mallow, butterprint, pie-marker, or Indian mallow) is an annual plant in the family Malvaceae, native to southern Asia.
It' ...
Abutilon incanum
''Abutilon icanum'', also known as hoary abutilon, pelotazo, pelotazo chico, tronadora, and ''mao'' (Hawaii), is a shrub widespread throughout the arid, warm regions of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico as well as Hawaii.
It gro ...
Abutilon indicum
''Abutilon indicum'' (Indian abutilon, Indian mallow) is a small shrub in the family Malvaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions. This plant is a valuable medicinal and ornamental plant, its roots and leaves being used for curing feve ...
Abutilon grandifolium
''Abutilon grandifolium'', the hairy Indian mallow, is a large shrub that is up to high with broad, leaf blades. Flowers are axillary, with a yellow corolla across, composed of petals long. The fruits are ovoid-globular schizocarps that are ...