Abu Thawr
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Ibrahim ibn Khalid al-Kalbi al-Baghdadi (764–854) better known as Abu Thawr () was an early Arab scholar of
Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...
. He was born in 170 AH. Abu Thawr was a student of Al-Shafi. A personal school was built by the followers of Abu Thawr which disappeared by the 4th century Hijra. Abu Thawr was asked, "Who are the Qadariyyah?" and he replied: "The Qadariyyah are those who say Allaah did not create the actions of the servants and that Allah did not decree acts of disobedience for the servants and that He did not create them (the acts of disobedience). Therefore these Qadariyyah are not be prayed behind, nor are their sick to be visited and nor are their funerals to be attended. Their repentance from this saying should be sought. If they repent (then so) and if not then their necks are to be struck." He was also one of the students of
Ibn Kullab Ibn Kullab () (d. ca. 241/855) was an early Sunni theologian (mutakallim) in Basra and Baghdad in the first half of the 9th century during the time of the Mihna and belonged, according to Ibn al-Nadim, to the traditionalist group of the Nawabit. ...
who believed the Quran is uncreated, but recitation of the Quran is created.The Adversaries of Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal. Christopher Melchert T. 44, Fasc. 2 (Apr., 1997), pp. 234-253: "Al-Karabisi's (And Ibn Kullabs) doctrine of the pronunciation was taken up after him by Ahmad al-Sarrak (fl. ca. 240/854-855), Abu Thawr (d. 240/854), Ibn Kullab (d. ca. 240/854-855), al-Harit al-Muhasibi (d. 243/857-858), Dawud al-Zahiri (d. 270/884), and even al-Bukhari (d. 256/870). Indeed, most of the known semi-rationalist Kullabi school were loosely associated with Al-Shafi'i."


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References


Wael B. Hallaq. ''The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law''. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005) p. 168
*Ahmed el-Shamsy. "Canonization beyond the Shāfiʿī School", The Canonization of Islamic Law, Cambridge University Press, pp. 194–220 *"The Adversaries of Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal", 1997 Christopher Melchert. 760s births 854 deaths 9th-century Muslim scholars of Islam Atharis Shafi'is Grand Muftis of Iraq {{Islamic-scholar-stub