Abū Baṣīr Layth ibn al-Bakhtarī al-Murādī (Arabic:ابوبصیر لیث بن البختری المرادی) known as Abu Basir al-Moradi or simply Abu Basir was a famous Shia jurist ( ) and traditionist and an associate of

Muhammad al-Baqir Muhammad ibn Ali al-Baqir (; ) was a descendant of the prophets and messengers in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad and the fifth of the Twelve Imams, twelve Shia imams, succeeding his father, Ali al-Sajjad, and succeeded by his son, Ja'far al-Sad ...

and

Ja'far al-Sadiq Ja'far al-Sadiq (; –765) was a Muslim hadith transmitter and the last agreed-upon Shia Imam between the Twelvers and Isma'ilis. Known by the title al-Sadiq ("The Truthful"), Ja'far was the eponymous founder of the Ja'fari school of Isla ...

. Al-Sadiq is believed to have told Moradi, Zurarah, Burayd, and

Muhammad ibn Muslim Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, ...

that they were the "tent pegs of the world", and that the prophetic

hadith Hadith is the Arabic word for a 'report' or an 'account f an event and refers to the Islamic oral tradition of anecdotes containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the Islamic prophet Muhammad or his immediate circle ...

s would have been lost without them. He was among the

Imami Twelver Shi'ism (), also known as Imamism () or Ithna Ashari, is the largest branch of Shi'a Islam, comprising about 90% of all Shi'a Muslims. The term ''Twelver'' refers to its adherents' belief in twelve divinely ordained leaders, known as th ...

leaders of

Kufa Kufa ( ), also spelled Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about south of Baghdad, and northeast of Najaf. It is located on the banks of the Euphrates, Euphrates River. The estimated population in 2003 was 110,000. Along with Samarra, Karbala, Kadhimiya ...

in the first half of the year 2 AH / 8 AD. In the religious sources, he is considered as one of the companions of al-Baqir and one of the companions of al-Sadiq. But in the

s, there is no definitive example for his narration of al-Baqir. Abu Basir al-Moradi has also narrated from some

Ahl al-Bayt () refers to the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In Sunni Islam, the term has also been extended to all descendants of the Banu Hashim (Muhammad's clan) and even to all Muslims. In Shia Islam, the term is limited to Muhammad, his daugh ...

hadith narrators such as Abdul Kareem bin Utbah Hashemi (one of the companions of al-Sadiq and al-Kazem).

Names

Abu Basir's main nickname according to Ibn Ghada'iri and Kashshi was "Abu Muhammad", and according to

Ibn al-Nadim Abū al-Faraj Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq an-Nadīm (), also Ibn Abī Yaʿqūb Isḥāq ibn Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Warrāq, and commonly known by the '' nasab'' (patronymic) Ibn an-Nadīm (; died 17 September 995 or 998), was an important Muslim ...

and

Shaykh Tusi Shaykh Tusi (), full name ''Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tusi'' (), known as Shaykh al-Ta'ifah () was a Persian scholar of the Twelver school of Shia Islam. He is the author of two of the Four Books of hadith; namely, '' Tahdhib al-Ahka ...

, "Abu Yahya". In the hadith series of Al-Mahasin al-Barqi, Laith Moradi's narration from Abu Basir (maybe Asadi) can be seen, and considering the fact that Najashi called Laith Moradi "Abu Basir Asghar"(lit. Younger Abu Basir), it is not unlikely that he was younger than Abu Basir Asadi. In Shia religious and hadith sources, other figures are also mentioned who are called "Abu Basir": Abu Basir Abdullah ibn Muhammad Asadi Kufi, one of the companions of al-Baqir; Abu Basir Yusuf ibn Harith one of the Batri companions of al-Baqir and Abu Basir Thaghafi.

His stance towards Fathites and his relationship with al-Kazem

There is no clear report about his stance towards

Fathite The Fathites, also Aftahiyya or Fathiyya (), are a now-extinct branch of Shia Islam, who were supporters of Abdallah al-Aftah, believing him to be the Imamate in Shia doctrine, imam after the death of his father Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth imam of S ...

s. Agarqoofi's narrative indicates that Abu Basir Moradi did not believe in the

Imamate The term imamate or ''imamah'' (, ''imāmah'') means "leadership" and refers to the office of an ''imam'' or a Muslim theocratic state ruled by an ''imam''. Theology *Imamate in Shia doctrine, the doctrine of the leadership of the Muslim commu ...

Musa al-Kazim Musa al-Kazim (; 745–799) was a descendant of the Prophets and messengers in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad and the seventh Twelve Imams, imam in Twelver Shi'ism, Twelver Shia Islam. Musa is often known by the title al-Kazim (), apparently ...

and the words of Ibn Ghada'iri, a scholar of the 12th century, indicate that his religion was not direct. Regarding his relationship with al-Kazem, although

has listed him among the companions of al-Kazim in his ''Al-Fihrist'' and ''al-Rijal'', but this point has not been confirmed in the words of Barqi, Kashshi and

Najashi The ''Najashi'' () was the Arabic term for the ruler of the Kingdom of Aksum () who reigned from 614 to 630. It is agreed by Muslim scholars that Najashi gave shelter to early Muslim refugees from Mecca, around 615–616 at Aksum. Reign The N ...

. His narration from al-Kazem has not been proven in the Asanid hadiths either. According to Pakatchi, if we put the mentioned scattered evidences next to the laudatory narratives of

s about Abu Basir Moradi, it will help to draw conclusions about Abu Basir Moradi's religious orientation. For instance, a story quoted by Fatahi scholar, Ali bin Asbat, in which the name of Abu Basir Moradi is mentioned among several companions of al-Baqir and al-Sadiq, and the influence of Fatahi's point of view can be felt in the selection of characters. In another narration through

Ali ibn Asbat Muhammad al-Jawad (, – ) was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the ninth of the Twelve Imams, succeeding his father, Ali al-Rida (). He is known by the epithets al-Jawād () and al-Taqī (). Like most of his predecessors, M ...

, Abu Basir Moradi is considered one of the four people who were the adornment and honor of the

in life and death. In another narration, through Ali ibn Asbat and Ali ibn Hadid Fatahi, Abu Basir Moradi is considered one of the four people who are the guardians of the land and proclaim the religion. From the point of view of non-Fathi sources, Kashshi has narrated two other narrations in which Abu Basir Moradi is considered one of the four "Mukhbatin" heralds of heaven, as well as one of the revivers of hadith from the people of hadith and the trustees of God's

halal ''Halal'' (; ) is an Arabic word that translates to in English. Although the term ''halal'' is often associated with Islamic dietary laws, particularly meat that is slaughtered according to Islamic guidelines, it also governs ethical practices ...

and

haram ''Haram'' (; ) is an Arabic term meaning 'taboo'. This may refer to either something sacred to which access is not allowed to the people who are not in a state of purity or who are not initiated into the sacred knowledge; or, in direct cont ...

. Kashshi also mentioned that some people have included Abu Basir Moradi instead of Abu Basir Asadi in the number of six companions of al-Baqir and al-Sadiq. Among other scholars of the

Imamiyyah Twelver Shi'ism (), also known as Imamism () or Ithna Ashari, is the Islamic schools and branches, largest branch of Shia Islam, Shi'a Islam, comprising about 90% of all Shi'a Muslims. The term ''Twelver'' refers to its adherents' belief in twel ...

, Ibn Ghada'iri, while considering abu-Basir's religion to be taunted, it has been mentioned that his narrative credibility is not taunted, and Najashi is silent in his description of his condition, his religious orientation and his Rijali reputation.

Works and students

The only work mentioned by Abu Basir Moradi is a book on jurisprudence. This book was more famous for the narration of Ibn Faddal Fatahi on the authority of Abu Jamila Mufadl ibn Saleh. This book has been used to a limited extent by

Hadith scholar Hadith studies is the academic study of hadith, a literature typically thought in Islam, Islamic religion to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval of the Muhammad as transmitted through chains of narrators. A major area of ...

s such as Barqi in ''al-Mahasin'',

Kulayni Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb ibn Isḥāq al-Kulaynī ar-Rāzī (; ; c. 250 AH/864 CE – 329 AH/941 CE) was a Persian Shia hadith collector. Life Al-Kulayni was born in Kulayn, a village or small town situated near Rey, Iran. His fa ...

Kitab al-Kafi (, , literally 'The Sufficient') is a hadith collection of the Twelver tradition, compiled in the first half of the 10th century CE (early 4th century AH) by . It is one of the Four Books. It is divided into three sections: , ...

Ibn Babawayh Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Babawayh al-Qummi ( Persian: ; –991), commonly referred to as Ibn Babawayh (Persian: ) or al-Shaykh al-Saduq (Persian: ), was a Persian Shia Islamic scholar whose work, entitled '' Man La Yahduruhu al-Faq ...

in Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, Tusi in Tahdhib, and

Al-Istibsar () is the fourth hadith collection of the Four Books of Shia Islam. it was compiled by Persian scholar al-Tusi It includes the same subjects as (Rectification of the Statutes) but in a shorter form. Author Al-Tusi lived during the first ha ...

. One of the most important students of Abu Basir Moradi, who has narrated many traditions from him, is Abu Jamila Mufadl ibn Saleh Asadi, and in the next level, we can mention Abd Allah ibn Muskan, Abd Allah ibn Bukayr and Abdul Karim ibn Amr Khatami.

Bibliography

In recent centuries, several works have been written about the Rijali character of Abu Basir, which are: 1. Abi Basir's translation ( or ‘’Risālat ʿadīmat al-naẓīr fī aḥwāl Abī Baṣīr’’ (Arabic: رِسالة عَدیمَة النَظیر فی أحوال أبي بَصیر) which is an essay concerning Abu Basir, distinguishing him from some unreliable transmitters of hadiths with the same name.), by Muhammad Mehdi Khansari (d. 1246 AH), which was lithographed together with Al-Juma'a al-Fiqhiyyah in 1276 AH. 2. A treatise on the investigation of Abu Basir's condition and his distinction from the reliable transmitter of hadiths who had this nickname.), by Mohammad Baqir Shafti (d. 1260 AH), which was published together with a collection of his Rijali treatises in 1314 AH; 3. The translation of Abi Basir, by Mohammad Hashim Khansari (d. 1318 AH), 4. Translated by Abi Basir and Ishaq bin Ammar, from Abu Tarab Khansari (1346 AH); 5. Al-Resaleh Al-Mobsareh Fi Ahval Abi-Basir, by

Mohammad-Taqi Shoushtari Mohammad-Taqi Shoushtari (), also known as Sheikh-e-Shoushtari was an Iranian Peoples, Iranian Twelver Shia scholar, who was born in 1903 in the city of Najaf, Iraq. Shoushtari's father (Mohammad Kazem Shushtari) is originally from Shoushtar and hi ...

, published as an appendix to entry 11 of the author's dictionary of al-Rajal; 6. Asanid Abi Basir, by

Mousa Shubairi Zanjani Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Mousa Shubairi Zanjani (, born 2 March 1928) is an Iranian Twelver Shia Marja'. Biography He was born in Qom to Sayyid Ahmed Shubairi Zanjani in Azerbaijani family. He has studied in the Qom Seminary under Sayyid Hoss ...

References

* * * *{{cite book , last1=Lalani , first1=Arzina R. , title=Early Shi'i Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muhammad Al-Baqir , date=2004 , publisher=I. B. Tauris , isbn=978-1850435921 8th-century Muslim scholars of Islam Shia hadith scholars Shia Islam People from Kufa

Names

His stance towards Fathites and his relationship with al-Kazem

Works and students

Bibliography

See also

References