‘Imād al-Dīn Abū al-Ghayth ibn Abī Numayy al-Ḥasanī ( ar, عماد الدين أبو الغيث بن أبي نمي الحسني) was

Emir of Mecca Emir (; ar, أمير ' ), sometimes transliterated amir, amier, or ameer, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or cerem ...

from 1302 to 1305, and again in 1314. He was killed by his brother

Humaydah Humaydah (also transliterated as Humaidah, ar, حميضة), is an Arab tribe, a subgroup of the Bariq tribe of the Qahtanite people. They were a powerful house which governed the city of Bareq until the Ibn Saud invasion and lived peacefully be ...

. He was one of 30 sons of Abu Numayy I, who ruled Mecca between 1254 and 1301. His mother belonged to the

Hudhayl Banu Hudhayl ( ar, بنو هذيل) is an Arab tribe that originated in the Hejaz. The tribe mainly inhabits Saudi Arabia and Tunisia, as well as Jordan Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ...

tribe.

First reign

After Abu Numayy's death in Safar 701 AH (October 1301) a succession dispute ensued. A faction of the

ashraf Sharīf ( ar, شريف, 'noble', 'highborn'), also spelled shareef or sherif, feminine sharīfa (), plural ashrāf (), shurafāʾ (), or (in the Maghreb) shurfāʾ, is a title used to designate a person descended, or claiming to be descended, f ...

supported Abu al-Ghayth and his brother Utayfah against their brothers

and Rumaythah, who had already been proclaimed as joint emirs two days before their father's death. Abu al-Ghayth and Utayfah were captured and imprisoned for some time, but they managed to escape. When the Egyptian hajj caravan arrived (led by

Baybars al-Mansuri al-Dawadar Baybars al-Mansoori (''Rukn ad-Dīn Baybars ad-Dawadar al-Manṣūrī al-Khaṭaʾī.'' d. 1325) was a mamluk (slave soldier) in the service of sultan Al-Mansur Qalawun. He is the author of a historiographical work, known as ''Zubdat al-fikra fi ta ...

), Abu al-Ghayth and Utayfah met with a number of high-ranking emirs, chief among them

Baybars al-Jashnakir Baibars al-Jashankir ( ar, بيبرس الجاشنكير; died 1310) or Baibars II, royal name al-Malik al-Muzaffar Rukn ad-Din Baibars aj-Jashankir al-Mansuri (), also known as Abu al-Fath (), was the 12th Mamluk sultan of Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo ...

, and complained to them about their brothers. After the completion of the hajj rites (August 1302), Baybars arrested Humaydah and Rumaythah. He installed Abu al-Ghayth and Utayfah to the throne, and had them pledge their fealty to the sultan

al-Nasir Muhammad Al-Malik an-Nasir Nasir ad-Din Muhammad ibn Qalawun ( ar, الملك الناصر ناصر الدين محمد بن قلاوون), commonly known as an-Nasir Muhammad ( ar, الناصر محمد), or by his kunya: Abu al-Ma'ali () or as Ibn Qal ...

. Abu al-Ghayth and Utayfah's assumption of the emirate is reported by Baybars al-Dawadar in ''Zubdat al-fikrah''. However, Ibn Abd al-Majid writes in ''Bahjat al-zaman'' that it was Muhammad ibn Idris, not Utayfah, who was installed alongside Abu al-Ghayth. After a few days, Abu al-Ghayth expelled Muhammad ibn Idris. There was fighting between them and many ashraf were killed. In 702 AH, al-Nasir sent orders to Abu al-Ghayth and Utayfah to put an end to certain perceived heresies that had been reported by Baybars al-Jashnakir, among which were the inclusion of the

Shia Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest branch of Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the ...

formula, "''Ḥayya ‘alá khayri l-‘amal'' (Hasten to the best of deeds)," in the ''

adhan Adhan ( ar, أَذَان ; also variously transliterated as athan, adhane (in French), azan/azaan (in South Asia), adzan (in Southeast Asia), and ezan (in Turkish), among other languages) is the Islamic call to public prayer (salah) in a mosq ...

'' (call to prayer), and the posting of a

Zaydi Zaydism (''h'') is a unique branch of Shia Islam that emerged in the eighth century following Zayd ibn Ali‘s unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate. In contrast to other Shia Muslims of Twelver Shi'ism and Isma'ilism, Zaydis, ...

imam Imam (; ar, إمام '; plural: ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a worship leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Islamic worship services, lead prayers, se ...

in the

Masjid al-Haram , native_name_lang = ar , religious_affiliation = Islam , image = Al-Haram mosque - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg , image_upright = 1.25 , caption = Aerial view of the Great Mosque of Mecca , ma ...

. When the '' amir al-rakab'' returned to Cairo in early 703 AH, he complained to the sultan about the brothers' lack of solemnity and the excessive greed of their slaves. In Dhu al-Hijjah 704 AH, after the completion of the hajj rites (July 1305), Baybars al-Jashnakir informed Abu al-Ghayth and Utayfah that al-Nasir had returned the emirate to their brothers. When they refused to accept, he arrested them and took them back with the returning caravan. In Egypt Abu al-Ghayth and Utayfah were granted stipends and rode with the sultan's emirs.

Second reign and death

In Shawwal 713 AH (January/February 1314) al-Nasir dispatched an army with the hajj caravan to remove Humaydah and Rumaythah from the emirate, as he had received many complaints against them. Abu al-Ghayth was reappointed as Emir of Mecca and accompanied the army, which included 320 Mamluk cavalry and 500 horsemen from the Banu Husayn of Medina. The emirs included Sayf al-Din Taqsuba al-Nasiri,

Wali A wali (''wali'' ar, وَلِيّ, '; plural , '), the Arabic word which has been variously translated "master", "authority", "custodian", "protector", is most commonly used by Muslims to indicate an Islamic saint, otherwise referred to by t ...

Qus Qus ( ar, قوص, older name ar, قوص واروير, translit=qus warwir, from cop, ⲕⲱⲥ ⲃⲉⲣⲃⲓⲣ) is a city in the modern Qena Governorate, Egypt, located on the east bank of the Nile. History Naming Its modern name is one of ...

and commander of the army, Sayf al-Din Baktamur, Sarim al-Din Saruja al-Husami, Ala al-Din Aydughdi al-Khwarizmi, and Sayf al-Din Balaban al-Tatari, the ''amir al-rakab'' from Damascus. When Humaydah and Rumaythah learned of the army's approach, they fled towards Haly Bani Ya'qub. After the hajj, Taqsuba remained in Mecca with the army for about two months to support Abu al-Ghayth. In Muharram 714 AH (April/May 1314) they took out an expedition to track down Humaydah and Rumaythah, but were unsuccessful. Taqsuba refused to enter Haly Bani Ya'qub without a ''marsum'' (written order) from al-Nasir, as it was within the dominion of the

Rasulid The Rasulids ( ar, بنو رسول, Banū Rasūl) were a Sunni Muslim dynasty who ruled Yemen from 1229 to 1454. History Origin of the Rasulids The Rasulids took their name from al-Amin's nickname "Rasul". The Zaidi Shi'i Imams of Yemen were ...

sultan al-Mu'ayyad Da'ud. Soon after that the army departed, reaching Cairo in Rabi I 714 AH. When Humaydah learned of the army's departure, he gathered his forces and captured Mecca. Abu al-Ghayth's killed numbered around 15 foot soldiers and over 20 horsemen. He took refuge with his Hudahyl relatives at Wadi Nakhlah and sent to al-Nasir for assistance. The sultan sent Abu al-Ghayth reinforcements, and reportedly ordered the Emir of Medina to assist him. On Tuesday, 4 Dhu al-Hijjah (11 March 1315), Abu al-Ghayth and Humaydah fought near Mecca. Though Abu al-Ghayth's forces were greater in number, he was once again defeated. Wounded in battle, he was captured then executed on Humaydah's orders at Khayf Bani Shadid.al-Najm Ibn Fahd, '' Itḥāf al-wará'', 3/152–153

Notes

References

* * {{S-end Sharifs of Mecca Banu Qatadah 1315 deaths 14th-century Arabs