Abram Budanov
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Abram Efremovich Budanov (sometimes, Abraham; 1886–1929) was a Ukrainian
anarchist Anarchism is a political philosophy and Political movement, movement that seeks to abolish all institutions that perpetuate authority, coercion, or Social hierarchy, hierarchy, primarily targeting the state (polity), state and capitalism. A ...
military commander, as a member of the Makhnovist movement in
Donbas The Donbas (, ; ) or Donbass ( ) is a historical, cultural, and economic region in eastern Ukraine. The majority of the Donbas is occupied by Russia as a result of the Russo-Ukrainian War. The word ''Donbas'' is a portmanteau formed fr ...
and a permanent member of the RIAU Revolutionary Military Council.


Biography

Born in 1882 in the village of
Stary Krym Staryi Krym (; ; ; in all four languages) is a small historical city and former bishopric in Kirovske (Isliam-Terek) Raion of Crimea, Ukraine. It has been occupied by Russia since 2014 (see Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation). It ...
, in
Mariupol Mariupol is a city in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is situated on the northern coast (Pryazovia) of the Sea of Azov, at the mouth of the Kalmius, Kalmius River. Prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, it was the tenth-largest city in the coun ...
, he also received four classes here. He joined the
anarcho-communists Anarchist communism is a Far-left politics, far-left political ideology and Anarchist schools of thought, anarchist school of thought that advocates communism. It calls for the abolition of private property, private real property but retention ...
in 1905, took part in the Revolution of 1905–1907 in
Luhansk Luhansk (, ; , ), also known as Lugansk (, ; , ), is a city in the Donbas in eastern Ukraine. As of 2022, the population was estimated to be making Luhansk the Cities in Ukraine, 12th-largest city in Ukraine. Luhansk served as the administra ...
. In 1917–1918, he was involved in organizing
anarcho-syndicalist Anarcho-syndicalism is an anarchist organisational model that centres trade unions as a vehicle for class conflict. Drawing from the theory of libertarian socialism and the practice of syndicalism, anarcho-syndicalism sees trade unions as both ...
trade unions A trade union (British English) or labor union (American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers whose purpose is to maintain or improve the conditions of their employment, such as attaining better wages ...
among Donbas
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, then he participated in the underground struggle against the
Ukrainian State The Ukrainian State (), sometimes also called the Second Cossack Hetmanate, Hetmanate (), was an Anti-communism, anti-Bolshevik government that existed on most of the modern territory of Ukraine (except for Western Ukraine) from 29 April to 14 ...
of
Hetman ''Hetman'' is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders (comparable to a field marshal or imperial marshal in the Holy Roman Empire). First used by the Czechs in Bohemia in the 15th century, ...
Pavlo Skoropadsky Pavlo Petrovych Skoropadskyi (; – 26 April 1945) was a Ukrainian aristocrat, military and state leader, who served as the hetman of the Ukrainian State throughout 1918 following a coup d'état in April 29 of the same year. Born the son of a n ...
. In the spring of 1919 he joined the Makhnovist movement. In August 1919, he organized and led the Makhnovist uprising in units of the red 58th Division. On 1 September 1919, Abram was elected to the revolutionary military council of the
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in the village of Dobrovelichkovka. In the RIAU he commanded the 1st Don Brigade, which was later transformed into a corps (1919), led the partisan struggle in
Kharkov Kharkiv, also known as Kharkov, is the second-largest List of cities in Ukraine, city in Ukraine.
and
Donetsk Donetsk ( , ; ; ), formerly known as Aleksandrovka, Yuzivka (or Hughesovka), Stalin, and Stalino, is an industrial city in eastern Ukraine located on the Kalmius River in Donetsk Oblast, which is currently occupied by Russia as the capita ...
provinces (1920) and was a member of the Council of Revolutionary Insurgents of Ukraine. On the evening of 23 February 1920, he arrived with the Makhnovists in Gavrilovka, Budanov called a meeting in the village and pasted leaflets with his own hand. At the end of 17–18 March, in the village of Bolshaya Yanisol, he conducted political and propaganda work. In Aleksandrovka, Budanov was elected to the cultural and educational department on 29 May, appointing him head of the department. On 29 September 1920, the RIAU Council Diplomatic Commission was formed, which went to
Kharkov Kharkiv, also known as Kharkov, is the second-largest List of cities in Ukraine, city in Ukraine.
to maintain contact with the
Soviet government The Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was the executive and administrative organ of the highest body of state authority, the All-Union Supreme Soviet. It was formed on 30 December 1922 and abolished on 26 December 199 ...
; Budanov was elected a member of the diplomatic mission. He was arrested upon breaking the military-political agreement with the Bolshevik authorities on 26 November 1920, but in the summer of 1921 he escaped from the
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prison and returned to Ukraine, leading the rebel movement until it was defeated in 1922 in
Donbas The Donbas (, ; ) or Donbass ( ) is a historical, cultural, and economic region in eastern Ukraine. The majority of the Donbas is occupied by Russia as a result of the Russo-Ukrainian War. The word ''Donbas'' is a portmanteau formed fr ...
. By the end of 1928, he organized an underground anarchist group near
Mariupol Mariupol is a city in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is situated on the northern coast (Pryazovia) of the Sea of Azov, at the mouth of the Kalmius, Kalmius River. Prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, it was the tenth-largest city in the coun ...
, which was discovered by the
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of the
Ukrainian SSR The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as the Ukrainian SSR, UkrSSR, and also known as Soviet Ukraine or just Ukraine, was one of the Republics of the Soviet Union, constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1991. ...
on 25 November 1928, and Budanov was sentenced to be shot. In 1995 he was posthumously rehabilitated.


See also

*
Anarchism in Ukraine Anarchism in Ukraine has its roots in the democratic and egalitarian organization of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, who inhabited the region up until the 18th century. Philosophical anarchism first emerged from the radicalism (historical), radical m ...


References


Bibliography

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Further reading

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Budanov, Abram 1886 births 1929 deaths Makhnovists People executed by the Soviet Union by firearm People from Mariupol Ukrainian anarchists Anarchists executed by the Soviet Union