''Abiotrophia'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillales are an order of gram-positive, low-GC, acid-tolerant, generally nonsporulating, nonrespiring, either rod-shaped (bacilli) or spherical ( cocci) bacteria that share common metabolic and physiological characteristics. These bact ...

, a family in the phylum

Bacillota The Bacillota (synonym Firmicutes) are a phylum of bacteria, most of which have Gram-positive cell wall structure. They have round cells, called cocci (singular coccus), or rod-like forms (bacillus). A few Bacillota, such as '' Megasphaera'', ...

(

Bacteria Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of Prokaryote, prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micr ...

Species

The genus contains 4 species of coccus shaped species, 2 are former members of the genus ''

Streptococcus ''Streptococcus'' is a genus of gram-positive spherical bacteria that belongs to the family Streptococcaceae, within the order Lactobacillales (lactic acid bacteria), in the phylum Bacillota. Cell division in streptococci occurs along a sing ...

'', which were transferred in 1995 to the newly coined genus ''Abiotrophia'': * '' A. adiacens'' ( (Bouvet ''et'' ''al''. 1989) Kawamura ''et'' ''al''. 1995;

Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...

feminine gender In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns. In languages wit ...

adjective ''adiacens'', adjacent, indicating that this organism can grow as satellite colonies adjacent to other bacterial growth.) * '' A. defectiva'' ( (Bouvet ''et'' ''al''. 1989) Kawamura ''et'' ''al''. 1995, comb. nov. (Type species of the genus).;

adjective ''defectiva'', deficient.) Other 2 are latter additions: * '' A. balaenopterae'' ( Lawson ''et'' ''al''. 1999;

Neo-Latin Neo-LatinSidwell, Keith ''Classical Latin-Medieval Latin-Neo Latin'' in ; others, throughout. (also known as New Latin and Modern Latin) is the style of written Latin used in original literary, scholarly, and scientific works, first in Italy d ...

genitive case In grammar, the genitive case ( abbreviated ) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus indicating an attributive relationship of one noun to the other noun. A genitive ca ...

noun ''balaenopterae'', pertaining to the minke whale, ''

Balaenoptera acutorostrata The common minke whale or northern minke whale (''Balaenoptera acutorostrata'') is a species of minke whale within the suborder of baleen whales. It is the smallest species of the rorquals and the second smallest species of baleen whale. Althoug ...

'', from which the organism was isolated.) * '' A. elegans'' ( Roggenkamp ''et'' ''al''. 1999;

adjective ''elegans'', choice, nice, elegant.) ''Abiotrophia elegans'' was reclassified to '' Granulicatella elegans''. In 2000, Collins and Lawsons further differentiated ''A. adiacens'', ''A. balaenopterae'' and ''A. elegans'' from ''A. defectiva'' by placing them into the new genus ''

Granulicatella ''Granulicatella'' is a genus of bacteria from the family of Carnobacteriaceae. These bacteria occurs in the upper respiratory tract, in the gastrointestinal tract, and the urogenital tract The genitourinary system, or urogenital system, are ...

''.

Etymology

The name Abiotrophia derives from:

Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...

prefix ''ἄ (a)''-, negative (un-); Greek noun ''βιος (bios)'', life; Greek noun ''τροφιά (trophia)'', nutrition;

noun ''Abiotrophia'', life-nutrition-deficiency.

Genome Sequence

For the Human Microbiome Project (HMP), the genome of ''Abiotrophia defectiva'' ATCC 49176 has been sequenced (assembly) as it is a resident of human oral cavity and urogenital and intestinal tracts and is a cause of infective endocarditis, showing it to have 3291 protein encoded in a 3.4774 Mbp genome with a GC content of 37.0%

Disease

Formerly classified as nutritionally variant streptococci, ''A. elegans'' had been identified as a cause of 1 to 2% of blood culture negative bacterial

infective endocarditis Infective endocarditis is an infection of the inner surface of the heart (endocardium), usually the heart valve, valves. Signs and symptoms may include fever, petechia, small areas of bleeding into the skin, heart murmur, feeling tired, and anem ...

References

External links

*https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235439/http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/bacterial_nomenclature_info.php?genus=ABIOTROPHIA *https://web.archive.org/web/20070608035407/http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/a/abiotrophia.html * https://web.archive.org/web/20070608043826/http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/bacdico/aa/abiotrophia.html Lactobacillales Bacteria genera {{lactobacilli-stub