Abazinia
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Abazinia, Abazashta or Abaza is a historical country at the northern mountainside of the Caucasus Major, now the northern part of Karachay–Cherkess Republic,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
. Abazinia is the home of the Abazins, a people that speak the Abazin language. They are closely related to the Abkhaz people. In the 16th-18th century, Abazinia was a part of Kabarda and was often raided by the Crimeans. The area became a part of the
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...
in the 19th century. During the rule of Kabardians, Crimeans, and Russians, some Abazins were forcibly resettled from their homeland.


Modern times

The Soviet power was proclaimed there in 1918. On April 1, 1918, Abazinia was made a part of the Kuban Soviet Republic, which would merge into the Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic on May 28 of that year. From July 5 to December 1918, it was in the North Caucasian Soviet Republic. On January 20, 1921, it was made a part of the Mountain ASSR. Then on January 12, 1922, it was made a part of the Karachay–Cherkess Autonomous Oblast, South-Eastern Krai. On April 26 of that same year, it was made a part of the Cherkess Autonomous Oblast, Stavropol Krai. Beginning on January 9, 1957, it was a part of the recreated Karachay–Cherkess Autonomous Oblast, Stavropol Krai. At the congress of the Abazin deputies in November 1991, the Abazin Republic was proclaimed with the capital in the aul of Psyzh. The republic was never recognized by the authorities of the
RSFSR The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the labo ...
, and Abazinia remained a part of Karachay–Cherkessia, which gained republic status on November 30, 1990. In January 1995, the congress of the Abazin people claimed an autonomous Abazin region within Stavropol Krai. At June 27, 2005, a Special Congress of the Abazin People bound the head of 13 Abazin auls, situated in 5 different districts of Karachay-Cherkessia to leave these districts to form Abazinsky District. On December 25, 2005, 99% of the population of Abazinia voted in a referendum for the establishment of this district. On July 1, 2006, the premier-minister of the
Russian Federation Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
decreed the district with its center in Inzhich-Chukun. The municipalities of Psyzh, Elburgan, Inzhich-Chukun, Kubina and Kara-Pago were passed from the Prikubansky District, Ust-Dzhegutinsky District and Khabezsky District. The district was formed on January 1, 2009. According to the 2002
census A census (from Latin ''censere'', 'to assess') is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording, and calculating population information about the members of a given Statistical population, population, usually displayed in the form of stati ...
, there were 37,942 Abazins in Russia. An Abazin diaspora exists in
Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...
,Ethnologue.com
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Jordan Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia. Jordan is bordered by Syria to the north, Iraq to the east, Saudi Arabia to the south, and Israel and the occupied Palestinian ter ...
,
Syria Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to Syria–Turkey border, the north, Iraq to Iraq–Syria border, t ...
,
Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...
(which features the
Abaza family The Abaza family (; , or , ; ) is an Egyptians, Egyptian aristocratic family of maternal Abazin, Circassians, Circassian, and paternal Egyptians, Egyptian origins whose historical stronghold is in the Nile Delta. It has been described as "deep ...
, the largest aristocratic family in Egypt),Abaza family
/ref> and other Islamic countries, most of which are descendants of refugees ('' muhajirs'') from the Caucasian War with the
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...
. There is a significant Abazin presence in Turkey. An estimated 150,000 Abazins live in the provinces of
EskiÅŸehir EskiÅŸehir ( , ; from 'old' and 'city') is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of the EskiÅŸehir Province. The urban population of the city is 821 315 (Odunpazari + Tebebasi), with a metropolitan population of 921 630. The city is l ...
,
Samsun Samsun is a List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, city on the north coast of Turkey and a major Black Sea port. The urban area recorded a population of 738,692 in 2022. The city is the capital of Samsun Province which has a population of ...
,
Yozgat Yozgat is a city in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. It is the seat of Yozgat Province and Yozgat District.Adana Adana is a large city in southern Turkey. The city is situated on the Seyhan River, inland from the northeastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea. It is the administrative seat of the Adana Province, Adana province, and has a population of 1 81 ...
and {{Interlanguage link, Uzunyayla, tr, 3=Uzunyayla, lt=Uzunyayla, Kayseri (the long plateau). Most of them belong to the Ashkharua clan that fought against the Tsarist army and emigrated to Turkey after losing the battle of Kbaada ( Krasnaya Polyana in today's
Sochi Sochi ( rus, Сочи, p=ˈsotɕɪ, a=Ru-Сочи.ogg, from  â€“ ''seaside'') is the largest Resort town, resort city in Russia. The city is situated on the Sochi (river), Sochi River, along the Black Sea in the North Caucasus of Souther ...
), whereas the Tapanta clan fought with the Russian forces.


Links and references


Abazin site
*[https://archive.today/20130113112949/http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/Abaza+family?cx=partner-pub-0939450753529744:v0qd01-tdlq&cof=FORID:9&ie=UTF-8&q=Abaza+family&sa=Search%23906#906] Karachay-Cherkessia Abazins