A Railway Collision
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''A Railway Collision'' (also known as ''A Railroad Wreck'') is a 1900 British short silent drama film, directed by
Walter R. Booth Walter Robert Booth (12 July 1869 – 8 May 1938) was a British magician and early pioneer of British film. Collaborating with Robert W. Paul and then Charles Urban mostly on trick film, "trick" films, he pioneered techniques that led to wha ...
and produced by
Robert W. Paul Robert William Paul (3 October 1869 – 28 March 1943) was an English pioneer of film and scientific instrument maker. He made narrative films as early as April 1895, which were shown first in Edison Kinetoscope knockoffs. In 1896 he showe ...
. It was one of a number of sensationalist "
trick films In the early history of cinema, trick films were short film, short silent films designed to feature innovative special effects. History The trick film genre was developed by Georges Méliès in some of his first cinematic experiments, and his wor ...
" made at Paul's Animatograph Works, his studio in
Muswell Hill Muswell Hill is a suburban district of the London Borough of Haringey, north London. The hill, which reaches over above sea level, is situated north of Charing Cross. Neighbouring areas include Highgate, London, Highgate, Hampstead Garden ...
in north London, and represents one of only a very small number of surviving films by Paul.


Plot

The film depicts a stretch of single-track railway, along which a slow train runs through a mountainous terrain on an embankment on a lake and a yacht with a tunnel in the background. The train passes the signal on the road and then stops. While the train begins reversing back up the track, an express train leaves the tunnel in front, collides with the other train and both are thrown down the embankment.


Production and premise

Frederick A. Talbot, writing in 1912, records that "the scene of the accident was a field, in which the scenery was erected with considerable care, and a long length of model railway track was laid down, while the trains were good toy models." According to Michael Brooke of BFI Screenonline, it "is one of the earliest examples of this technique in practice". Brooke notes that "unlike some of his other films of the period, Booth does not attempt to enhance the effect by intercutting obviously full-scale material, though his successors would undoubtedly have added a shot inside a carriage full of screaming passengers." Despite the contrived nature of the scenario and the basic nature of the model work, viewers appear to have found its depiction convincing. Talbot comments that "many people marvelled at Paul's good fortune in being the first on the scene to photograph such a disaster. They were convinced that it was genuine." He calls the film "forty of the most thrilling seconds it is possible to conceive" and praises it for rendering a disaster that was "perfect in its swiftness and wreckage; and the cinematograph film images being less sharp and decisive than those obtained by a hand camera, the illusion was conveyed very convincingly."


Special effects

''A Railway Collision'' is one of the first examples of implementing the technique of recreating large-scale disasters into a much smaller one using miniature scale models. It served as an important base from which more impressive special effects could be integrated into a story. In spite of the artificial and basic aspect of the nature of the scenario of the model work, the spectators of that time seem to have found it convincing.


Reception

The film was a commercial success and was widely pirated in the United States. It was only long, as it was designed to be played with a
Kinetoscope The Kinetoscope is an early motion picture exhibition device, designed for films to be viewed by one person at a time through a peephole viewer window. The Kinetoscope was not a movie projector, but it introduced the basic approach that woul ...
, a type of early motion picture exhibition device designed to enable one individual at a time to view a film through a peephole viewer window. However, ''A Railway Collision'' proved so popular that it was adopted for the
cinematograph Cinematograph or kinematograph is an early term for several types of motion picture film mechanisms. The name was used for movie cameras as well as film projectors, or for complete systems that also provided means to print films (such as the ...
, allowing larger audiences to view it. It had a lasting influence, attracting numerous imitators, and the technique of using model trains to represent real ones was used in many subsequent British films.


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Railway Collision, A 1900 films 1900s British films British black-and-white films Films about railway accidents and incidents 1900 drama films Articles containing video clips Films directed by Walter R. Booth Silent British drama short films Trick films