The ATM Turbo (ru: "АТМ-ТУРБО"), also known simply as ATM (from ru: "Ассоциация Творческой Молодёжи", meaning "Association of Creative Youth") is a ZX Spectrum clone, developed in

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

in 1991, by two firms, '' MicroArt'' and ''ATM''. It offers enhanced characteristics, compared to the original

Spectrum A spectrum (: spectra or spectrums) is a set of related ideas, objects, or properties whose features overlap such that they blend to form a continuum. The word ''spectrum'' was first used scientifically in optics to describe the rainbow of co ...

, such as a ,

RAM Ram, ram, or RAM most commonly refers to: * A male sheep * Random-access memory, computer memory * Ram Trucks, US, since 2009 ** List of vehicles named Dodge Ram, trucks and vans ** Ram Pickup, produced by Ram Trucks Ram, ram, or RAM may also ref ...

ROM Rom, or ROM may refer to: Biomechanics and medicine * Risk of mortality, a medical classification to estimate the likelihood of death for a patient * Rupture of membranes, a term used during pregnancy to describe a rupture of the amniotic sac * ...

, AY-8910 (two chips in upgraded models), 8-bit DAC, 8-bit 8-channel ADC,

RS-232 In telecommunications, RS-232 or Recommended Standard 232 is a standard introduced in 1960 for serial communication transmission of data. It formally defines signals connecting between a ''DTE'' (''data terminal equipment'') such as a compu ...

parallel port In computing, a parallel port is a type of interface found on early computers ( personal and otherwise) for connecting peripherals. The name refers to the way the data is sent; parallel ports send multiple bits of data at once (paralle ...

, Beta Disk Interface, IDE interface, AT/ XT keyboard,

text mode Text mode is a computer display mode in which content is internally represented on a computer screen in terms of characters rather than individual pixels. Typically, the screen consists of a uniform rectangular grid of ''character cells'', ea ...

(, , ), and three new graphics modes. The ATM can be

emulated In computing, an emulator is hardware or software that enables one computer system (called the ''host'') to behave like another computer system (called the ''guest''). An emulator typically enables the host system to run software or use perip ...

in Unreal Speccy v0.27 and higher.

History

ATM was developed in 1991 based on the

Pentagon In geometry, a pentagon () is any five-sided polygon or 5-gon. The sum of the internal angles in a simple polygon, simple pentagon is 540°. A pentagon may be simple or list of self-intersecting polygons, self-intersecting. A self-intersecting ...

, a ZX Spectrum clone popular in Russia. In 1992 an upgraded model was introduced, named ATM Turbo 2. Up to 1994 the computer was produced by ''ATM'' and ''MicroArt''; later the firms separated and production ended. In 2004 ''NedoPC'' from

resumed production. New versions called ATM Turbo 2+ and ZX Evolution were introduced.

Characteristics

Graphics modes

For compatibility purposes, the original

ZX Spectrum The ZX Spectrum () is an 8-bit computing, 8-bit home computer developed and marketed by Sinclair Research. One of the most influential computers ever made and one of the all-time bestselling British computers, over five million units were sold. ...

mode is available. New graphics modes offer expanded abilities: * mode, with 2 out of 16 colors per 8x1 pixels. The Profi offers a similar mode, but the ATM can use the full set for both ink and paper. * mode with a raster mode (a two-pixel chunky mode, not planar like EGA). Two games for this mode were converted directly from PC:

Prince of Persia ''Prince of Persia'' is a video game franchise created by Jordan Mechner. It is centered around a series of action-adventure games focused on various incarnations of the eponymous Prince, set in ancient and medieval Persia. The first two ga ...

and

Goblins A goblin is a small, grotesque, monstrous humanoid creature that appears in the folklore of multiple European cultures. First attested in stories from the Middle Ages, they are ascribed conflicting abilities, temperaments, and appearances dep ...

, and one from

Sony PlayStation is a Video game, video gaming brand owned and produced by Sony Interactive Entertainment (SIE), a division of Japanese conglomerate Sony. Its flagship products consists of a series of Home video game console, home video game consoles produce ...

: Time Gal. Other games that use this mode exist, like Ball Quest, released in August, 2006. Palette: * from a 64 color palette ( 6-bit RGB) can be set for all modes.

Operating systems

48K

Sinclair BASIC Sinclair BASIC is a dialect of the programming language BASIC used in the 8-bit home computers from Sinclair Research, Timex Sinclair and Amstrad. The Sinclair BASIC interpreter was written by Nine Tiles Networks Ltd. Designed to run in on ...

, 128K Sinclair BASIC, TR-DOS,

CP/M CP/M, originally standing for Control Program/Monitor and later Control Program for Microcomputers, is a mass-market operating system created in 1974 for Intel 8080/Intel 8085, 85-based microcomputers by Gary Kildall of Digital Research, Dig ...

, iS-DOS,

TASiS TASIS Schools, formally established as the TASIS Foundation, is a private Swiss foundation which operates a group of four international school, international schools (including both day school, day and boarding schools), operating in Switzerlan ...

, DNA OS, Mr Gluk Reset Service.

Software

* ATM Turbo * Virtual TR-DOS

Models

Many models exist. Models before version 6.00 are called ATM 1, later models are called ATM 2(2+) or ATM Turbo 2(2+) or simply Turbo 2+. An IDE interface is available since v6.00.JIO0UBH9BY8B9T7GVC6R (the latest model is 7.18).

ATM Turbo 1 (1991)

Features: :ru:ATM Turbo *Processor:

Zilog Z80 The Zilog Z80 is an 8-bit computing, 8-bit microprocessor designed by Zilog that played an important role in the evolution of early personal computing. Launched in 1976, it was designed to be Backward compatibility, software-compatible with the ...

at 3.5 and 7 MHz ( turbo mode) *RAM: 128 to 512 KB *ROM: 64 to 128 KB *Memory manager: standard for

ZX Spectrum 128 The ZX Spectrum () is an 8-bit computing, 8-bit home computer developed and marketed by Sinclair Research. One of the most influential computers ever made and one of the all-time bestselling British computers, over five million units were sold. ...

(memory over 64KB is addressed through a window in the upper 16KB of address space), with the ability to include a zero page of RAM in the lower 16KB of the address space *Graphics video modes: Standard ZX Spectrum mode (256x192, 2 colors per block of 8x8 pixels from 16 colors); 320x200 with 16 colors per pixel; 640x200 high resolution mode with 2 out of 16 colors per 8x1 pixels *Color palette: 64 colors, 16 can be used at the same time *Firmware: 48K BASIC / 128K BASIC; TR-DOS;

2.2 *Supported external drives:

tape recorder An audio tape recorder, also known as a tape deck, tape player or tape machine or simply a tape recorder, is a sound recording and reproduction device that records and plays back sounds usually using magnetic tape for storage. In its present ...

(

audio cassette The Compact Cassette, also commonly called a cassette tape, audio cassette, or simply tape or cassette, is an analog audio, analog magnetic tape recording format for Sound recording and reproduction, audio recording and playback. Invented by L ...

); disk drive *Sound devices: standard 1-bit beeper; AY-3-8910; Covox *Additional devices:

SECAM SECAM, also written SÉCAM (, ''Séquentiel de couleur à mémoire'', French for ''sequential colour memory''), is an analog color television system that was used in France, Russia and some other countries or territories of Europe and Africa. ...

encoder for connection to a color TV; single-channel DAC;

modem The Democratic Movement (, ; MoDem ) is a centre to centre-right political party in France, whose main ideological trends are liberalism and Christian democracy, and that is characterised by a strong pro-Europeanist stance. MoDem was establis ...

;

parallel interface In computing, a parallel port is a type of interface found on early computers (personal and otherwise) for connecting peripherals. The name refers to the way the data is sent; parallel ports send multiple bits of data at once (parallel ...

for connecting a printer; stereo

audio amplifier An audio power amplifier (or power amp) electronic amplifier, amplifies low-power electronic audio signals, such as the signal from a radio receiver or an electric guitar pickup (music technology), pickup, to a level that is high enough for dr ...

(2x1W) *Keyboard: mechanical matrix, standard ZX Spectrum layout (40 keys) or extended (64 keys)

ATM Turbo 2 (1993)

New features (relative to ATM Turbo 1): *Memory manager: the ability to include any page of RAM or ROM in any of the quarters of the address space *Text mode: 80x25 text video mode, characters are stored in the character generator ROM. It is possible to set any of 16 colors for the symbol and background *Hardware vertical scrolling in 320x200 and 640x200 modes *Supported external drives: controller for IDE devices (hard drives of any capacity,

CD-ROM A CD-ROM (, compact disc read-only memory) is a type of read-only memory consisting of a pre-pressed optical compact disc that contains computer data storage, data computers can read, but not write or erase. Some CDs, called enhanced CDs, hold b ...

); Digital PLL added to

floppy controller A floppy-disk controller (FDC) is a hardware component that directs and controls reading from and writing to a computer's floppy disk drive (FDD). It has evolved from a discrete set of components on one or more circuit boards to a special-purpo ...

*Additional devices: eight-channel DAC *Keyboard: XT keyboard support, on-chip RAM 537RU10 *Removed: SECAM encoder

ATM Turbo 2+

New features (comparing to ATM Turbo 2): *RAM: 128 to 1024 KB *Additional devices:

interface; channel switch for DAC *Keyboard: support for XT and AT keyboards, based on the 1816BE31 (i8031) microcontroller *The xBIOS ROM has been specially developed for ATM Turbo 2+ with support for virtual floppies *ROM version of Mr Gluk Reset Service *Removed: Modem

ZX Evolution

New features (comparing to ATM Turbo 2+): *Turbo mode up to 14 MHz, switchable via menu and software *RAM: 4MB *2 expansion slots according to the ZXBUS standard, for connecting General Sound, etc. *Flexible architecture based on

FPGA A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is a type of configurable integrated circuit that can be repeatedly programmed after manufacturing. FPGAs are a subset of logic devices referred to as programmable logic devices (PLDs). They consist of a ...

(EP1K50) - third-party firmware available *

SD card Secure Digital (SD) is a proprietary, non-volatile, flash memory card format developed by the SD Association (SDA). Owing to their compact size, SD cards have been widely adopted in a variety of portable consumer electronics, including dig ...

with transparent BIOS support (EVO RESET SERVICE) *Added

VGA Video Graphics Array (VGA) is a video display controller and accompanying de facto graphics standard, first introduced with the IBM PS/2 line of computers in 1987, which became ubiquitous in the IBM PC compatible industry within three years. T ...

video output *Non-volatile clock according to Mr Gluk standard, IDE interface according to Nemo standard, mouse according to Kempston Mouse standard *Video scan rate similar to that of the

, with full support of border and multicolor effects

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Atm (Computer) Computer-related introductions in 1991 ZX Spectrum clones Soviet computer systems Computers designed in Russia