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ASMO 449 is a now
technologically obsolete 7-bit coded
character set
Character encoding is the process of assigning numbers to graphical characters, especially the written characters of human language, allowing them to be stored, transmitted, and transformed using computers. The numerical values that make up a c ...
to encode the
Arabic
Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns lang ...
language.
History
This character set was devised by the now extinct
[Le codage informatique de l'écriture arabe : d'ASMO 449 à Unicode et ISO/CEI 10646](_blank)
/ref> Arab Standardization and Metrology Organization in 1982ISO 646
ISO/IEC 646 ''Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange'', is an International Organization for Standardization, ISO/International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC standard in the ...
(version of 1973) but with modifications suited for the Arabic language. In code points ranging from 0x41 to 0x72 (hexadecimal), Latin letters were replaced with Arabic letters. Punctuation marks which were identical in the Latin and Arabic scripts remained the same, but where they differed (comma, semicolon, question mark), the Latin ones were replaced by Arabic ones. Only nominal letters are encoded, no preshaped forms of the letters, so shaping processing is required for display. This character set is not bidirectional and was intended to be used in right to left writing. Therefore, symmetrical pairs of punctuation marks (( and ), < and >, /code> and ) and (, > and <, ] and /code>, } and {).
ASMO 449 was registered in the International Register of Coded Character Sets as IR 089
as ISO 9036:1987 Information processing - Arabic 7-bit coded character set for information interchange.
Character set
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There is a variant, sometimes named ASMO 449+
[Printronix ACA Emulation Programmer's Reference Manual](_blank)
/ref> which adds the characters Non-breaking space, NBSP in 0x75, "ﹳ" in 0x76, "لآ" in 0x77, "لأ" in 0x78, "لإ" in 0x79 and "لا" in 0x7A.
Relationship with other character sets
ASMO 449 is a 7-bit character set. Although some encodings allocate this 7-bit character set in the upper part of the 8-bit character set, it should not be confused with ASMO 708. In the character sets that allocate ASMO 449 (or some variant of it) in the upper part of the 8-bit character set, the existence of apparently repeated characters is because the characters in the lower part are for left-to-right script while the characters in the upper part are for right-to-left script. When ASMO 449 (or some variant of it) is allocated to the upper part of the 8-bit character set, it has Arabic digits.
* Al-ArabiMacRoman
Mac OS Roman is a character encoding created by Apple Computer, Inc. for use by Macintosh computers. It is suitable for representing text in English and several other languages that use the Latin script. Mac OS Roman encodes 256 characters, the ...
, and adds letters for Persian and Urdu.
*Apple's MacFarsi replaces the Arabic digits from MacArabic with Persian ones.
*The Code Table 7MARC-8
The MARC-8 charset is a MARC standard used in MARC-21 library records. The MARC formats are standards for the representation and communication of bibliographic and related information in machine-readable form, and they are frequently used in lib ...
allocates ASMO 449 in the lower part of the 8-bit character set and allocates the upper part with the Arabic Extension ( ISO 11822 / IR 224).
*Microsoft's Code page 709,code page 437
Code page 437 ( CCSID 437) is the character set of the original IBM PC (personal computer). It is also known as CP437, OEM-US, OEM 437, PC-8, or MS-DOS Latin US. The set includes all printable ASCII characters as well as some accented letters (di ...
.
References
External links
giconv
a graphical interface to a patched libiconv version that recodes ASMO449+ to UTF-8
UTF-8 is a character encoding standard used for electronic communication. Defined by the Unicode Standard, the name is derived from ''Unicode Transformation Format 8-bit''. Almost every webpage is transmitted as UTF-8.
UTF-8 supports all 1,112,0 ...
ISO 9036:1987 Information processing — Arabic 7-bit coded character set for information interchange
{{character encoding
Character sets
ISO standards