Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase type II is an

enzyme An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different mol ...

that in humans is encoded by the ''ALOX15B''

gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...

. ALOX15B, also known as 15-lipoxygenase-2 (15-LO-2 or 15-LOX-2), is distinguished from its related oxygenase,

ALOX15 ALOX15 (also termed arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, 15-lipoxygenase-1, 15-LO-1, 15-LOX-1) is, like other lipoxygenases, a seminal enzyme in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids to a wide range of physiologically and pathologically import ...

or 15-lipoxygenase-1.

Function

This gene encodes a member of the lipoxygenase family of structurally related nonheme iron dioxygenases involved in the production of fatty acid hydroperoxides. 15-LOX-2 has 38-39% amino acid sequence identity to human 15-LOX-1 and

12-lipoxygenase ALOX12 (), also known as arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12-lipoxygenase, 12''S''-Lipoxygenase, 12-LOX, and 12''S''-LOX is a lipoxygenase-type enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ALOX12'' gene which is located along with other lipoyxgenases on ...

and 44% amino acid sequence identity to human

5-lipoxygenase Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, also known as ALOX5, 5-lipoxygenase, 5-LOX, or 5-LO, is a non-heme iron-containing enzyme (EC 1.13.11.34) that in humans is encoded by the ''ALOX5'' gene. Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase is a member of the lipoxygenase fa ...

. 15-LOX-2 converts

arachidonic acid Arachidonic acid (AA, sometimes ARA) is a polyunsaturated omega−6 fatty acid 20:4(ω−6), or 20:4(5,8,11,14). It is a precursor in the formation of leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes. Together with omega−3 fatty acids an ...

almost exclusively to the ''S'' stereoisomer of 15-Hydroperoxyicosatetraenoic acid which is commonly reduced to the ''S'' stereoisomer

15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid 15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (also termed 15-HETE, 15(''S'')-HETE, and 15''S''-HETE) is an eicosanoid, i.e. a metabolite of arachidonic acid. Various cell types metabolize arachidonic acid to 15(''S'')-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(''S' ...

by ubiquitous cellular

peroxidases Peroxidases or peroxide reductases ( EC numberbr>1.11.1.x are a large group of enzymes which play a role in various biological processes. They are named after the fact that they commonly break up peroxides, and should not be confused with other ...

; it metabolizes linoleic acid less effectively, converting this fatty acid to the ''S'' stereoisomer of 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid which is likewise rapidly reduced to the ''S'' stereoisomer of

13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid 13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) is the commonly used term for 13(''S'')-hydroxy-9''Z'',11''E''-octadecadienoic acid (13(''S'')-HODE). The production of 13(''S'')-HODE is often accompanied by the production of its stereoisomer, 13(''R'') ...

. The ALOX15B gene is located in a cluster of related genes and a pseudogene that spans approximately 100 kilobases on the short arm of chromosome 17. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.

Function

See also

References

External links

Further reading