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The ALCO RSD-1 is a
diesel-electric locomotive A diesel locomotive is a type of railway locomotive in which the power source is a diesel engine. Several types of diesel locomotives have been developed, differing mainly in the means by which mechanical power is conveyed to the driving whee ...
built by the
American Locomotive Company The American Locomotive Company (often shortened to ALCO, ALCo or Alco) was an American manufacturer that operated from 1901 to 1969, initially specializing in the production of locomotives but later diversifying and fabricating at various time ...
(ALCO). This model was a
road switcher A road switcher locomotive is a type of railroad locomotive designed to both haul railroad car, railcars in mainline service and Shunting (rail), shunt them in railroad yards. Both type and term are North American in origin, although similar t ...
type rated at and rode on three-axle
trucks A truck or lorry is a motor vehicle designed to transport freight, carry specialized payloads, or perform other utilitarian work. Trucks vary greatly in size, power, and configuration, but the vast majority feature body-on-frame construction ...
, having a C-C wheel arrangement. It was often used in much the same manner as its four-axle counterpart, the
ALCO RS-1 The ALCO RS-1 is a 4-axle diesel-electric transmission, diesel-electric locomotive built by Alco-GE between 1941 and 1953 and the American Locomotive Company from 1953 to 1960. ALCO subsidiary Montreal Locomotive Works built an additional three R ...
, though the six-motor design allowed better tractive effort at lower speeds, as well as a lower weight-per-axle. It was developed to meet the need to supply the Soviet Union over the
Trans-Iranian Railway The Trans-Iranian Railway () was a major railway building project started in Pahlavi Iran in 1927 and completed in 1938, under the direction of the then-Iranian monarch Reza Shah. It was entirely built with indigenous capital, and links the capit ...
starting in mid 1943. On the other hand, due to the traction generator and appurtenant control apparatus being sized for four axles and yet having two additional powered axles, it had poorer performance at higher speeds.Rakov (1995), p. 371-374.


Variations

There were three different specifications issued that covered the RSD-1 model; E1645 and E1646 were for wartime production for the US Army, while E1647 was a post-war order for the Mexican National Railways (
Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México ''Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México'' (better known as N de M and after 1987 as Ferronales or FNM) or ''National Railways of Mexico'' was Mexico's state owned railroad company from 1938 to 1998, and prior to 1938 (dating from the regime of P ...
).


Soviet Union


Alco locos

Seventy of the RSD-1s were shipped overseas to the
Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
in early 1945 during
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, as part of the Allied war effort. They were classed there as the Soviet Railways ДA20 (DA20) class, also known just as ДА after 1947 (D for Diesel, A for Alco and 20 for axle load in tons). They were used in ordinary line service rather than shunting, especially in southern parts of the Soviet Union (
Turkmenistan Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ash ...
), where water for steam locomotives was scarce. These locomotives were also used on the Trans-Iranian Railway. The Soviets subsequently kept many of the RSD-1s after the war, adopting the design to form the basis of their own line of diesel locomotives TE1, TEM1 and
TEM2 TEM2 () is a Soviet diesel-electric shunting locomotive. The locomotive was used throughout the Soviet Union and was exported to Poland and Cuba. History The locomotive can be seen as a descendant of the DA units imported under Lend-Lease during ...
. Two RSD-1s were sunk en route to the Soviet Union when the ship they were on was torpedoed by a German
U-boat U-boats are Submarine#Military, naval submarines operated by Germany, including during the World War I, First and Second World Wars. The term is an Anglicization#Loanwords, anglicized form of the German word , a shortening of (), though the G ...
A20-41 and ДA20-50) and 68 were received. They entered service from March 1945, and some were still in service in the 1980s. The DA20-27 hauled
Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Dzhugashvili; 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, his death in 1953. He held power as General Secret ...
's train to Potsdam Conference, and its positive evaluation was among reasons to copy the design (the Soviet Union built only 51 diesel locomotives before the war, so it had not enough experience with designing).


Soviet locos

The Soviet-built TE1 (
ТЭ1 TE1 () is a diesel locomotive with electric transmission, produced in the Soviet Union from 1947 to 1950 by the Malyshev Factory in Kharkiv. It is a modified copy of the American ALCO RSD-1. Initially designated as TE1-20, a total of 298 units we ...
), initially designed TE1-20, was a
reverse engineered Reverse engineering (also known as backwards engineering or back engineering) is a process or method through which one attempts to understand through deductive reasoning how a previously made device, process, system, or piece of software accompl ...
copy of the Alco product, adapted to metric system and Soviet norms.Rakov (1995), p. 375-377. They were almost identical, but locomotives after #TE1-20-122 had 1050 mm (41.34 inch), instead of 40 inch wheels (1016 mm). The designation meant T - ''teplovoz'' (diesel engine), E - electric transmission, model 1, 20 ton axle load. A production lasted from 1947 until 1950 and 300 were made (including 2 of TE5 class). The TE2 (ТЭ2) utilized engine and electric components of TE1, but was as a twin-unit version, with a wagon-type body and utilized two-axle bogies.Rakov (1995), p. 379-380. The
TE5 The TE5 (Cyrillic script: ТЭ5) is a Soviet experimental diesel-electric locomotive. In 1948 the Malyshev Factory in Kharkiv (Soviet Ukraine) released two (unconfirmed reports say five) of these locomotives, which were developed from the TE1 (� ...
(ТЭ5) was a cold climate version of the TE1. The cab was extended for most of the locomotive to provide covered access to the engine and a boiler was added to keep the cab warm when the engine was not running. Only two (or five) TE5 were built, within TE1 series.


US Army

The first 13 RS-1s were requisitioned by the US Army, returned to ALCO and rebuilt to RSD-1s #8000-8012 for use on the Trans Iranian Railroad. This effort was to supply the Soviet Union. See the RS-1 article for the identity of the first 13 RSD-1s.


Original owners


Specification E1645


Specification E1646


Specification E1647

File:RSD-1 final voyage.jpg, RSD-1 being delivered to the US Army Transportation Museum at Fort Eustis, seen in 2011 File:Orange Empire Railway Museum No. 1956 at the Southern California Railway Museum, Perris California - August 2022.jpg, RSD-1 at the
Southern California Railway Museum The Southern California Railway Museum (SCRM, reporting mark OERX), formerly known as the Orange Empire Railway Museum, is a railroad museum in Perris, California, United States. It was founded in 1956 at Griffith Park in Los Angeles before movin ...


References

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External links


ALCo World: The Russian RSD-1 Copies
Another RSD-1 roster with build dates http://www.thedieselshop.us/Alco_RSD1.HTML {{Rolling stock of Russia C-C locomotives RSD-1 United States Army locomotives Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States Railway locomotives introduced in 1942 Standard-gauge locomotives of the United States 5 ft gauge locomotives Standard-gauge locomotives of Mexico Diesel–electric locomotives of the Soviet Union Diesel–electric locomotives of Mexico