AI@50, formally known as the "Dartmouth Artificial Intelligence Conference: The Next Fifty Years" (July 13–15, 2006), was a conference organized by

James Moor James H. Moor is the Daniel P. Stone Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy at Dartmouth College. He earned his Ph.D. in 1972 from Indiana University. Moor's 1985 paper entitled "What is Computer Ethics?" established him as one of the pi ...

, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the

Dartmouth workshop The Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence was a 1956 summer workshop widely consideredKline, Ronald R., Cybernetics, Automata Studies and the Dartmouth Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IEEE Annals of the History of ...

which effectively inaugurated the

history of artificial intelligence The history of artificial intelligence (AI) began in ancient history, antiquity, with myths, stories and rumors of artificial beings endowed with intelligence or consciousness by master craftsmen. The seeds of modern AI were planted by philoso ...

. Five of the original ten attendees were present:

Marvin Minsky Marvin Lee Minsky (August 9, 1927 – January 24, 2016) was an American cognitive and computer scientist concerned largely with research of artificial intelligence (AI), co-founder of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's AI laboratory, a ...

Ray Solomonoff Ray Solomonoff (July 25, 1926 – December 7, 2009) was the inventor of algorithmic probability, his General Theory of Inductive Inference (also known as Universal Inductive Inference),Samuel Rathmanner and Marcus Hutter. A philosophical treatise o ...

Oliver Selfridge Oliver Gordon Selfridge (10 May 1926 – 3 December 2008) was a pioneer of artificial intelligence. He has been called the "Father of Machine Perception." Biography Selfridge, born in England, was a grandson of Harry Gordon Selfridge, the found ...

Trenchard More Trenchard More (1930 – 2019) was a mathematician and computer scientist who worked at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center and Cambridge Scientific Center after teaching at MIT and Yale. He was also a full professor for two years at the T ...

, and John McCarthy. While sponsored by

Dartmouth College Dartmouth College (; ) is a private research university in Hanover, New Hampshire. Established in 1769 by Eleazar Wheelock, it is one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution. Although founded to educate Native ...

General Electric General Electric Company (GE) is an American multinational conglomerate founded in 1892, and incorporated in New York state and headquartered in Boston. The company operated in sectors including healthcare, aviation, power, renewable energ ...

, and the Frederick Whittemore Foundation, a $200,000 grant from the

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is a research and development agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military. Originally known as the Adv ...

called for a report of the proceedings that would: * Analyze progress on AI's original challenges during the first 50 years, and assess whether the challenges were "easier" or "harder" than originally thought and why * Document what the AI@50 participants believe are the major research and development challenges facing this field over the next 50 years, and identify what breakthroughs will be needed to meet those challenges * Relate those challenges and breakthroughs against developments and trends in other areas such as control theory, signal processing, information theory, statistics, and optimization theory. A summary report by the conference director,

, was published in

AI Magazine The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) is an international scientific society devoted to promote research in, and responsible use of, artificial intelligence. AAAI also aims to increase public understanding of artif ...

Conference Program and links to published papers

, conference Director, Introduction *

Carol Folt Carol Lynn Folt (born 1951) is an American academic administrator who is the 12th president of the University of Southern California. She is also the first female president in the university’s 142-year history. She assumed her duties on July 1 ...

and Barry Scherr, Welcome * Carey Heckman, Tonypandy and the Origins of Science

AI: Past, Present, Future

* John McCarthy, What Was Expected, What We Did, and AI Today *

The Emotion Machine ''The Emotion Machine: Commonsense Thinking, Artificial Intelligence, and the Future of the Human Mind'' is a 2006 book by cognitive scientist Marvin Minsky that elaborates and expands on Minsky's ideas as presented in his earlier book ''Society of ...

The Future Model of Thinking

Ron Brachman Ronald Jay "Ron" Brachman (born 1949) is the director of the Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute at Cornell Tech. Previously, he was the Chief Scientist of Yahoo! and head of Yahoo! Labs. Prior to that, he was the Associate Head of Yahoo! Labs and H ...

and

Hector Levesque Hector Joseph Levesque (born 1951) is a Canadian academic and researcher in artificial intelligence. His research concerns incorporating commonsense reasoning in intelligent systems and he initiated the Winograd Schemas Challenge. Education He r ...

, A Large Part of Human Thought *

David Mumford David Bryant Mumford (born 11 June 1937) is an American mathematician known for his work in algebraic geometry and then for research into vision and pattern theory. He won the Fields Medal and was a MacArthur Fellow. In 2010 he was awarded ...

, What is the Right Model for 'Thought'? * Stuart Russell, The Approach of Modern AI

The Future of Network Models

Geoffrey Hinton Geoffrey Everest Hinton One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: (born 6 December 1947) is a British-Canadian cognitive psychologist and computer scientist, most noted for his work on ...

Simon Osindero Simon may refer to: People * Simon (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name Simon * Simon (surname), including a list of people with the surname Simon * Eugène Simon, French naturalist and the genus ...

, From Pandemonium to Graphical Models and Back Again *

Rick Granger Rick may refer to: People *Rick (given name), a list of people with the given name *Alan Rick (born 1976), Brazilian politician, journalist, pastor and television personality *Johannes Rick (1869–1946), Austrian-born Brazilian priest and mycol ...

, From Brain Circuits to Mind Manufacture

The Future of Learning & Search

, Learning and Education for Software: New Approaches in Machine Learning *

, Machine Learning — Past and Future * Leslie Pack Kaelbling, Learning to be Intelligent *

Peter Norvig Peter Norvig (born December 14, 1956) is an American computer scientist and Distinguished Education Fellow at the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI. He previously served as a director of research and search quality at Google. Norvig is ...

, Web Search as a Product of and Catalyst for AI

The Future of AI

* Rod Brooks, Intelligence and Bodies * Nils Nilsson, Routes to the Summit *

Eric Horvitz Eric Joel Horvitz () is an American computer scientist, and Technical Fellow at Microsoft, where he serves as the company's first Chief Scientific Officer. He was previously the director of Microsoft Research Labs, including research centers in Re ...

, In Pursuit of Artificial Intelligence: Reflections on Challenges and Trajectories

The Future of Vision

Eric Grimson William Eric Leifur Grimson (born 1953) is a Canadian-born computer scientist and professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he served as Chancellor from 2011 to 2014. An expert in computer vision, he headed MIT's Department o ...

, Intelligent Medical Image Analysis: Computer Assisted Surgery and Disease Monitoring *

Takeo Kanade is a Japanese computer scientist and one of the world's foremost researchers in computer vision. He is U.A. and Helen Whitaker Professor at Carnegie Mellon University. He has approximately 300 peer-reviewed academic publications and holds aroun ...

, Artificial Intelligence Vision: Progress and Non-Progress *

Terry Sejnowski Terrence Joseph Sejnowski (born 13 August 1947) is the Francis Crick Professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies where he directs the Computational Neurobiology Laboratory and is the director of the Crick-Jacobs center for theoretical ...

, A Critique of Pure Vision

The Future of Reasoning

Alan Bundy Alan Richard Bundy is a professor at the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh,http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/bundy/ Professor Alan Bundy's website known for his contributions to automated reasoning, especially to proof planning ...

, Constructing, Selecting and Repairing Representations of Knowledge * Edwina Rissland, The Exquisite Centrality of Examples *

Bart Selman Bart Selman is a Dutch-American professor of computer science at Cornell University. He has previously worked at AT&T Bell Laboratories. He is also co-founder and principal investigator of the Center for Human-Compatible Artificial Intelligence ( ...

, The Challenge and Promise of Automated Reasoning

The Future of Language and Cognition

The Birth of Array Theory and Nial *

Eugene Charniak Eugene Charniak is a professor of computer Science and cognitive Science at Brown University. He holds an A.B. in Physics from the University of Chicago and a Ph.D. from M.I.T. in Computer Science. His research has always been in the area of ...

, Why Natural Language Processing is Now Statistical Natural Language Processing * Pat Langley, Intelligent Behavior in Humans and Machines

The Future of the Future

Ray Kurzweil Raymond Kurzweil ( ; born February 12, 1948) is an American computer scientist, author, inventor, and futurist. He is involved in fields such as optical character recognition (OCR), text-to-speech synthesis, speech recognition technology, and ...

, Why We Can Be Confident of Turing Test Capability Within a Quarter Century *

George Cybenko George V. Cybenko is the Dorothy and Walter Gramm Professor of Engineering at Dartmouth and a fellow of the IEEE and SIAM. Education Cybenko obtained his BA in mathematics from the University of Toronto in 1974 and received his PhD from Prince ...

, The Future Trajectory of AI * Charles J. Holland, DARPA's Perspective

AI and Games

Jonathan Schaeffer Jonathan Herbert Schaeffer (born 1957) is a Canadian researcher and professor at the University of Alberta and the former Canada Research Chair in Artificial Intelligence. He led the team that wrote Chinook, the world's strongest American che ...

, Games as a Test-bed for Artificial Intelligence Research" *

Danny Kopec Daniel Kopec (February 28, 1954 – June 12, 2016) was an American chess International Master, author, and computer science professor at Brooklyn College. Education He graduated from Dartmouth College in the class of 1975. Kopec later received ...

, Chess and AI *

Shay Bushinsky Junior is a computer chess program written by the Israeli programmers Amir Ban and Shai Bushinsky. Grandmaster Boris Alterman assisted, in particular with the opening book. Junior can take advantage of multiple processors, taking the name Deep Jun ...

, Principle Positions in Deep Junior's Development

Future Interactions with Intelligent Machines

* Daniela Rus, Making Bodies Smart *

Sherry Turkle Sherry Turkle (born June 18, 1948) is the Abby Rockefeller Mauzé Professor of the Social Studies of Science and Technology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She obtained an BA in social studies and later a PhD in sociology and perso ...

, From Building Intelligences to Nurturing Sensibilities

Selected Submitted Papers: Future Strategies for AI

* J. Storrs Hall, Self-improving AI: An Analysis *

Selmer Bringsjord Selmer Bringsjord (born November 24, 1958) is the chair of the Department of Cognitive Science at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and a professor of Computer Science and Cognitive Science. He also holds an appointment in the Lally School of Ma ...

, The Logicist Manifesto
Vincent C. Müller
Is There a Future for AI Without Representation? *

Kristinn R. Thórisson Kristinn R. Thórisson (Þórisson) is an Icelandic artificial intelligence researcher, founder and Managing Director of the Icelandic Institute for Intelligent Machines (IIIM), and co-founder and former co-director of the Center for Analysis an ...

, Integrated A.I. Systems

Selected Submitted Papers: Future Possibilities for AI

* Eric Steinhart, Survival as a Digital Ghost * Colin T. A. Schmidt, Did You Leave That 'Contraption' Alone With Your Little Sister? * Michael Anderson & Susan Leigh Anderson, The Status of Machine Ethics * Marcello Guarini, Computation, Coherence, and Ethical Reasoning

References

External links

Dartmouth Artificial Intelligence Conference: The Next Fifty Years
Official conference Web site. * James Moor
The Dartmouth College Artificial Intelligence Conference: The Next Fifty Years
AI Magazine 27:4

006 Alec Trevelyan (006) is a fictional character and the main antagonist in the 1995 James Bond film ''GoldenEye'', the first film to feature actor Pierce Brosnan as Bond. Trevelyan is portrayed by actor Sean Bean. The likeness of Bean as Alec T ...

87–91. ISSN 0738-4602. Official conference report, with photos; freely available online PDF. *

Pictures from AI@50
Photographs of conference presenters.

Notes and comments

Conference blogger Meg Houston Maker provided on-the-scene coverage of the conference, including entries on:

- Brief abstracts of opening remarks, including Carey Heckman's on the original conference and first usage of the term "artificial intelligence"

— Brief abstracts of papers by John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky

— Brief abstracts of papers by Ron Brachman, David Mumford, and Stuart Russell

— Brief abstracts of papers by Geoffrey Hinton, Simon Odinero, and Rick Granger

— Brief abstracts of papers by Oliver Selfridge, Ray Solomonoff, Leslie Pack Kaelbling, and Peter Norvig

— Brief abstracts of papers by Rod Brooks, Nils Nilsson, and Eric Horvitz

— Brief abstracts of papers by Eric Grimson, Takeo Kanade, and Terry Sejnowski

— Brief abstracts of papers by Alan Bundy, Edwina Rissland, and Bart Selman

— Brief abstracts of papers by Trenchard More, Eugene Charniak, and Pat Langley

— Brief abstract of Ray Kurzweil's paper

— Brief abstracts of papers by Jonathan Schaeffer and Danny Kopec

— Brief abstracts of papers by Daniela Rus and Sherry Turkle

— Brief abstracts of papers by J. Storrs Hall and Selmer Bringsjord

— Brief abstracts of papers by Eric Steinhart, C. T. A. Schmidt, Michael Anderson, and Susan Leigh Anderson {{DEFAULTSORT:Aiat50 Artificial intelligence conferences Dartmouth College history History of artificial intelligence