The human AGXT2
gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...
encodes the
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metab ...
Alanine—glyoxylate aminotransferase 2.
[
]
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a class III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent
mitochondrial
A mitochondrion () is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used ...
aminotransferase
Transaminases or aminotransferases are enzymes that catalyze a transamination reaction between an amino acid and an α- keto acid. They are important in the synthesis of amino acids, which form proteins.
Function and mechanism
An amino acid c ...
. It
catalyzes
Catalysis () is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quick ...
the conversion of
glyoxylate
Glyoxylic acid or oxoacetic acid is an organic compound. Together with acetic acid, glycolic acid, and oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid is one of the C2 carboxylic acids. It is a colourless solid that occurs naturally and is useful industrially.
Str ...
to
glycine
Glycine (symbol Gly or G; ) is an amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain. It is the simplest stable amino acid. Glycine is one of the proteinogenic amino acids. It is encoded by all the codons starting with GG (G ...
using
L-alanine
Alanine (symbol Ala or A), or α-alanine, is an α- amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an amine group and a carboxylic acid group, both attached to the central carbon atom which also carries a methyl group si ...
as the
amino
In chemistry, amines (, ) are organic compounds that contain carbon-nitrogen bonds. Amines are formed when one or more hydrogen atoms in ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups. The nitrogen atom in an amine possesses a lone pair of elec ...
donor.
[ rovided by RefSeq, Dec 2008 ##Evidence-Data-START## Transcript exon combination :: AJ292204.1, AB193309.1 CO:0000332RNAseq introns :: mixed/partial sample support ERS025084, ERS025088 CO:0000350##Evidence-Data-END## ##RefSeq-Attributes-START## gene product(s) localized to mito. :: reported by MitoCarta ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##]
References
Further reading
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Genes on human chromosome 5
{{gene-5-stub