ADRON-RM (Autonomous Detector of Radiation of Neutrons Onboard Rover at Mars) is a
neutron spectrometer to search for
subsurface water ice and
hydrated minerals.
[ ] This analyser is part of the science payload on board the
European Space Agency ''Rosalind Franklin'' rover,
tasked to search for
biosignatures and
biomarkers on Mars. The rover is planned to be launched not earlier than 2028 and
land on Mars in 2029.
ADRON-RM is a near copy of ADRO-EM on the stationary
ExoMars 2020 surface platform and the
Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) neutron detector on board NASA's
''Curiosity'' rover, all designed by Igor Mitrofanov from the
Russian Space Research Institute (IKI).
Overview
ADRON-RM is a
neutron spectrometer that will search for hydrogen in the form of bound water or water ice, and hydrogen-bearing compounds. It will be used in combination with WISDOM instrument (a
ground-penetrating radar) to study the subsurface beneath the rover and to search for optimal sites for drilling and sample collection.
[The ADRON-RM Instrument Onboard the ExoMars Rover]
I.G. Mitrofanov, M.L. Litvak, Y. Nikiforov, I. Jun, Y.I. Bobrovnitsky, D.V. Golovin, A.S. Grebennikov, F.S. Fedosov, A.S. Kozyrev, D.I. Lisov, A.V. Malakhov, M.I. Mokrousov, A.B. Sanin, V.N. Shvetsov, G.N. Timoshenko, T.M. Tomilina, V.I. Tret'yakov, and A.A. Vostrukhin. '' Astrobiology'', Vol. 17, No. 6-7. 1 July 2017. It can also detect trace elements such as
Gd and major elements that constitute soil, such as
Cl,
Fe,
Ti.
It will also monitor the neutron component of the radiation background on Mars' surface.
Development
The
Principal Investigator is Igor Mitrofanov from the
Russian Space Research Institute (IKI).
The instrument is almost a reproduction of the
Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) neutron detector on board NASA's ''
Curiosity rover
''Curiosity'' is a car-sized Mars rover Space exploration, exploring Gale (crater), Gale crater and Mount Sharp on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. ''Curiosity'' was launched from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station ...
'' also developed in Russia.
Mitrofanov is also developing the active gamma and neutron spectrometer, ADRON-EM (Active Detection of Radiation of Nuclei-ExoMars) for the stationary
''Kazachok'' lander—the primary goal of which will be to measure water distribution in the Martian subsurface.
Measurements by ADRON-RM and ADRON-EM will work in synergy with other ExoMars instruments.
ADRON-RM uses two
3He proportional counters with a cylindrical shape of about 25 mm in diameter and 55 mm in total length. Each counter is filled with
3He gas under 4 atmospheres of pressure.
Each neutron detector will measure two 32-channel spectra. The data will be obtained as routine and passive measurements, which will not be saved but will be immediately transmitted from the instrument to the rover computer. This means that all ADRON-RM measurements will be performed only when the 'Rover Compute Element' is active (daytime).
ADRON-RM is installed inside the ExoMars rover body at the rear balcony. The height above the surface is 0.8 m (2.6 ft).
Objectives
The stated objectives of the ADRON-RM scientific investigation include:
*Measurement of the distribution of bulk hydrogen content in the form of free or bound water.
*Evaluation of the bulk composition of major soil neutron absorption elements (
Cl,
Fe,
Ti S, etc.)
*Monitoring of the neutron component of the natural radiation background and estimation of neutron radiation dose at the
Martian surface from
Galactic cosmic rays and
solar particle events.
*The potential to monitor seasonal changes of the neutron environment due to variations of atmospheric and subsurface properties.
See also
*
Astrobiology
*
Life on Mars
*
Water on Mars
References
{{Use British English, date=July 2018
ExoMars
Spacecraft instruments
Astrobiology
Space science experiments
Space program of Russia