Double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1 is an
enzyme
An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different mol ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''ADARB1''
gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...
.
The enzyme is a member of
ADAR
Adar (Hebrew: , ; from Akkadian ''adaru'') is the sixth month of the civil year and the twelfth month of the religious year on the Hebrew calendar, roughly corresponding to the month of March in the Gregorian calendar. It is a month of 29 days. ...
family.
Function
This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for
pre-mRNA editing of the
glutamate receptor subunit B by site-specific
deamination
Deamination is the removal of an amino group from a molecule. Enzymes that catalysis, catalyse this reaction are called deaminases.
In the human body, deamination takes place primarily in the liver; however, it can also occur in the kidney. In s ...
of
adenosine
Adenosine (symbol A) is an organic compound that occurs widely in nature in the form of diverse derivatives. The molecule consists of an adenine attached to a ribose via a β-N9- glycosidic bond. Adenosine is one of the four nucleoside build ...
s. Studies in rats found that this enzyme acted on its own
pre-mRNA
A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by Transcription (genetics), transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary transcript ...
molecules to convert an AA
dinucleotide to an AI dinucleotide which resulted in a new
splice site.
Alternative splicing
Alternative splicing, alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing, is an alternative RNA splicing, splicing process during gene expression that allows a single gene to produce different splice variants. For example, some exons of a gene ma ...
of this gene results in several transcript variants, some of which have been characterized by the presence or absence of an
Alu cassette insert and a short or long
C-terminal
The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, carboxy tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH). When t ...
region.
ADARB1 requires the small molecule
inositol hexakisphosphate (IP
6) for proper function.
ADARB1 is an
A-to-I RNA-editing enzyme that mostly acts on
protein-coding substrates.
See also
*
Adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme acting on isolated adenosine
References
Further reading
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
External links
*
EC 3.5
{{gene-21-stub