The alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily is a
superfamily
SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ...
of
hydrolytic enzymes
In biochemistry, hydrolases constitute a class of enzymes that commonly function as biochemical catalysts that use water to break a chemical bond:
:\ce \quad \xrightarrowtext\quad \ce
This typically results in dividing a larger molecule into sma ...
of widely differing phylogenetic origin and catalytic function that share a common
fold
Fold, folding or foldable may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media
* ''Fold'' (album), the debut release by Australian rock band Epicure
*Fold (poker), in the game of poker, to discard one's hand and forfeit interest in the current pot
*Above ...
.
The core of each enzyme is an alpha/beta-sheet (rather than a
barrel
A barrel or cask is a hollow cylindrical container with a bulging center, longer than it is wide. They are traditionally made of wooden stave (wood), staves and bound by wooden or metal hoops. The word vat is often used for large containers ...
), containing 8
beta strand
The beta sheet (β-sheet, also β-pleated sheet) is a common structural motif, motif of the regular protein secondary structure. Beta sheets consist of beta strands (β-strands) connected laterally by at least two or three backbone chain, backbon ...
s connected by 6
alpha helices
An alpha helix (or α-helix) is a sequence of amino acids in a protein that are twisted into a coil (a helix).
The alpha helix is the most common structural arrangement in the secondary structure of proteins. It is also the most extreme type of l ...
.
The enzymes are believed to have diverged from a common ancestor, retaining little obvious
sequence similarity
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speci ...
, but preserving the arrangement of the catalytic residues. All have a
catalytic triad
A catalytic triad is a set of three coordinated amino acid residues that can be found in the active site of some enzymes. Catalytic triads are most commonly found in hydrolase and transferase enzymes (e.g. proteases, amidases, esterases, aminoac ...
, the elements of which are borne on loops, which are the best-conserved structural features of the fold.
The alpha/beta hydrolase fold includes
proteases
A protease (also called a peptidase, proteinase, or proteolytic enzyme) is an enzyme that catalyzes proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids, and spurring the formation of new protein products. They do ...
,
lipases
In biochemistry, lipase ( ) refers to a class of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats. Some lipases display broad substrate scope including esters of cholesterol, phospholipids, and of lipid-soluble vitamins and sphingomyelinases; how ...
,
peroxidases
Peroxidases or peroxide reductases ( EC numberbr>1.11.1.x are a large group of enzymes which play a role in various biological processes. They are named after the fact that they commonly break up peroxides, and should not be confused with other ...
,
esterases
In biochemistry, an esterase is a class of enzyme that splits esters into an acid and an alcohol in a chemical reaction with water called hydrolysis (and as such, it is a type of hydrolase).
A wide range of different esterases exist that differ ...
,
epoxide hydrolase
Epoxide hydrolases (EHs), also known as epoxide hydratases, are enzymes that metabolize compounds that contain an epoxide residue; they convert this residue to two hydroxyl residues through an epoxide hydrolysis reaction to form diol products. ...
s and
dehalogenase A dehalogenase is a type of enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a halogen
The halogens () are a group in the periodic table consisting of six chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and the radioac ...
s.
Database
The ESTHER database provides a large collection of information about this superfamily of proteins.
Subfamilies
*
3-oxoadipate enol-lactonase
The enzyme 3-oxoadipate enol-lactonase (EC 3.1.1.24) catalyzes the reaction
:3-oxoadipate enol-lactone + H2O \rightleftharpoons 3-oxoadipate
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. T ...
Human proteins containing this domain
ABHD10;
ABHD11
Abhydrolase domain-containing protein 11 also known as Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 21 protein (WBSCR21) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ABHD11'' gene.
This gene encodes a protein containing an alpha/beta hydrolase ...
;
ABHD12
alpha/beta-Hydrolase domain containing 12 (ABHD12) is a serine hydrolase encoded by the ''ABHD12'' gene that participates in the breakdown of the endocannabinoid neurotransmitter 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) in the central nervous system. It is ...
;
ABHD12B;
ABHD13;
ABHD2
Abhydrolase domain-containing protein 2 is a serine hydrolase enzyme that is strongly expressed in human spermatozoa. It is a key controller of sperm hyperactivation, which is a necessary step in allowing sperm to fertilize an egg. It is encode ...
;
ABHD3
Alpha/beta hydrolase domain containing 3 (ABHD3; alternative names: lung alpha/beta hydrolase 3, phospholipase ABHD3) is a single pass type II membrane member of the serine hydrolase family of enzymes. The expression of murine ABHD3 is highest in ...
;
ABHD4;
ABHD5
1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase ABHD5, also known as comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ABHD5'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a large family of ...
;
ABHD6
alpha/beta-Hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6), also known as monoacylglycerol lipase ABHD6 or 2-arachidonoylglycerol hydrolase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ABHD6 gene.
Function
ABHD6 is a serine hydrolyzing enzyme that pos ...
;
ABHD7;
ABHD8;
ABHD9;
BAT5;
BPHL;
C20orf135;
EPHX1
Epoxide hydrolase 1 is an enzyme encoded by the ''EPHX1'' gene in humans.
Function
Epoxide hydrolase plays an important role in both the activation and detoxification of exogenous chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Discover ...
;
EPHX2;
FAM108B1;
LIPA
Lipa or LIPA (Cyrillic: Липа) may refer to:
Acronym
*Liquid Isopropyl alcohol
* League for Independent Political Action, a former American progressive political organization
*Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts, a performing arts school i ...
;
LIPF;
LIPJ;
LIPK;
LIPM;
LIPN;
LYPLAL1;
MEST
Mest is an American Rock music, rock band originally formed by lead vocalist and guitarist Tony Lovato, bassist Matt Lovato, drummer Nick Gigler, and guitarist Jeremiah Rangel. They broke up in 2006 after eleven years, but temporarily reformed ...
;
MGLL;
PPME1;
SERHL;
SERHL2;
SPG21;
CES1;
CES2;
C4orf29
See also
*
Ecdysteroid-phosphate phosphatase - structure of a steroid phosphate phosphotase
*
Serine hydrolase Serine hydrolases are one of the largest known enzyme classes comprising approximately ~200 enzymes or 1% of the genes in the human proteome. A defining characteristic of these enzymes is the presence of a particular serine at the active site, whic ...
- an enzyme family that is composed largely of proteins with alpha-beta hydrolase folds
External links
The ESTHER database
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alpha beta hydrolase fold
Protein domains
Peripheral membrane proteins
Hydrolases
Protein superfamilies