Alex Drum Hawkes (1927–1977) was an American

botanist Botany, also called plant science, is the branch of natural science and biology studying plants, especially Plant anatomy, their anatomy, Plant taxonomy, taxonomy, and Plant ecology, ecology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who s ...

and

cookbook A cookbook or cookery book is a kitchen reference containing recipes. Cookbooks may be general, or may specialize in a particular cuisine or category of food. Recipes in cookbooks are organized in various ways: by course (food), course (appetize ...

author who lived in

Coconut Grove, Florida Coconut Grove, also known colloquially as "The Grove", is an affluent and the oldest continuously inhabited neighborhood of Miami in Miami-Dade County, Florida. The neighborhood is roughly bounded by North Prospect Drive to the south, LeJeune ...

Kingston, Jamaica Kingston is the Capital (political), capital and largest city of Jamaica, located on the southeastern coast of the island. It faces a natural harbour protected by the Palisadoes, a long spit (landform), sand spit which connects the town of Por ...

. Alex specialized in

orchids Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Orchids are cosmopolitan plants that are found in almost every habitat on Earth ...

bromeliads The Bromeliaceae (the bromeliads) are a family of monocot flowering plants of about 80 genera and 3700 known species, native mainly to the tropical Americas, with several species found in the American subtropics and one in tropical west Africa, ...

palm trees The Arecaceae () is a family of perennial, flowering plants in the monocot order Arecales. Their growth form can be climbers, shrubs, tree-like and stemless plants, all commonly known as palms. Those having a tree-like form are colloquially ...

fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (angiosperms) that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which angiosperms disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particular have long propaga ...

vegetable Vegetables are edible parts of plants that are consumed by humans or other animals as food. This original meaning is still commonly used, and is applied to plants collectively to refer to all edible plant matter, including edible flower, flo ...

s, and

nuts Nut often refers to: * Nut (fruit), fruit composed of a hard shell and a seed * Nut (food), a dry and edible fruit or seed, including but not limited to true nuts * Nut (hardware), fastener used with a bolt Nut, NUT or Nuts may also refer to: A ...

. Named the orchid genera ''

Flickingeria ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, ...

'', and ''

Paraphalaenopsis The genus ''Paraphalaenopsis'', abbreviated as Prphln in horticultural trade, is a member of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), consisting of 4 species endemic to Borneo and one natural (unconfirmed) hybrid, '' Paraphalaenopsis × thorntonii'' (''P ...

'' and travelled the world extensively, particularly the Caribbean & Latin America during the 1940s - 1970s collecting plants and authentic regional recipes.

Publications

Cookbooks and recipes

* Editor of The Horticulture Publications, Coconut Grove, Florida * Editor of COOKERY NOTES (1960s-70s) Coconut Grove, Florida (FL.) Recipes by Alex D. Hawkes * South Florida Cookery: Unique Recipes from the Tropics and Elsewhere (1964) Wake-Brook House, Coral Gables, Florida * Tropical Cookery (1960s) * The Shrimp Cookbook: 140 Wonderful Ways To Serve Shrimp (1966) Culinary Arts Institute, Chicago, Illinois * A World of Vegetable Cookery: An encyclopedic treasury of recipes, botany, and lore of the vegetable kingdom (1968) Simon & Schuster, New York ev. ed. 1984illustrations by Bill Goldsmith * Cooking with vegetables : an encyclopedic treasury of recipes, botany, and lore of the vegetable kingdom (REVISED) * Eating Out in Jamaica: A Unique Guide to Good Eating (1971) DMP Publications Ltd., Kingston, Jamaica * The Rum Cookbook (1972) William Collins & Sangster, Jamaica Photography by

Maria LaYacona Maria LaYacona (1926–2019) was an American-born photographer who worked primarily in Jamaica. For its first three decades, she was the official photographer for the country's National Dance Theatre Company. Early life LaYacona's parents emigrat ...

* The Flavors of The Caribbean & Latin America: a personal collection of recipes (1977) Viking, New York illustrations by Lynda West Compiled & Foreword by

Elisabeth Lambert Ortiz Elisabeth Lambert Ortiz (17 June 1915 – 27 October 2003) was a British food writer who popularized Latin American cuisine in the United States and the United Kingdom. Initially a writer of poetry and fiction, she began working in the culinary ...

Botanical works

* The Gardener's Pocketbook (1950) The National Horticultural Magazine * The Major Kinds of Palms (1950 - 1952) Fairchild Tropical Garden, Coconut Grove / Coral Gables, Florida * The Orchid Journal An International Review of Orchidology (1952 - 1953) Berkeley, California - Official Publication of The International Orchid Society * Orchid Weekly (1958-1967) The Horticulture Publications, Coconut Grove, Florida * Palm Papers (1950s) The Horticulture Publications, Coconut Grove, Florida * Bromeliad Papers (1958-1967) The Horticulture Publications, Coconut Grove, Florida * Tropical Plants (1950s-1960s) The Horticulture Publications, Coconut Grove, Florida * Cultural Directions For Orchids (1959) The Horticultural Publications * Orchids Their Botany & Culture (1961) Harper & Brothers, New York * Tropics Magazine (1962) © Alex D. Hawkes (The Horticulture Publications, Coconut Grove, Florida) * The Four Arts Garden : history and catalogue of the labeled plants (1964) Garden Club of Palm Beach, Florida * Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids, an illustrated descriptive manual of the members of the Orchidaceae currently in cultivation (1965) Faber & Faber, London * Guide to Plants of the Everglades National Park (1965) Tropic Isle Publishers, Coral Gables, Florida * A Plantman's Guide to Jamaica (1969) * Wild Flowers of Jamaica (1974) Collins & Sangster, Great Britain illustrations by Brenda C. Sutton * Illustrated Plants of Jamaica (1974) J. Wray & Nephew, Jamaica

Hommages

The following plants or genera were named by Alex D. Hawkes or in his honor: ; Genera: * (

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family (biology), family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Orchids are cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan plants that ...

) ''

'' * (Orchidaceae) ''Grafia'' (now ''

Phalaenopsis ''Phalaenopsis'' (), also known as moth orchids, is a genus of about seventy species of plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are monopodial epiphytes or lithophytes with long, coarse roots, short, leafy stems and long-lastin ...

'') * (Orchidaceae) ''

Helleriella ''Helleriella'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains two known species, native to Mexico and Central America. *'' Helleriella guerrerensis'' Dressler & Hágsater - Guerrero *'' Helleriella nicaraguensis ...

'' * (Orchidaceae) '' Hellerorchis'' * (Orchidaceae) '' Katherinea'' * (Orchidaceae) '' Mendoncella'' * (Orchidaceae) ''

'' ; Hybrids: * (

Bromeliaceae The Bromeliaceae (the bromeliads) are a family of monocot flowering plants of about 80 genera and 3700 known species, native mainly to the tropical Americas, with several species found in the American subtropics and one in tropical west Africa, ...

) ''

Neoregelia ''Neoregelia'' is a genus of epiphyte, epiphytic flowering plants in the family (biology), family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae, native plant, native to South American rainforests. The genus name is for Eduard August von Regel, Director ...

'' 'Alex D. Hawkes' tristis X marmorata Flickinger, 1960 * (Orchidaceae) ''

Brassavola ''Brassavola'' is a genus of 21 orchids (family Orchidaceae). They were named in 1813 by the Scottish botanist Robert Brown. The name comes from the Italian nobleman and physician Antonio Musa Brassavola. This genus is abbreviated B. in trade jo ...

'' 'Yaki' Brassavola cucullata × B. nodosa A.D.Hawkes, 1946 * (Orchidaceae) ''

Cymbidium ''Cymbidium'' , commonly known as boat orchids, is a genus of evergreen flowering plants in the orchid Family (biology), family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are Epiphyte, epiphytic, Lithophyte, lithophytic, Terrestrial plant, terrestrial o ...

'' 'Katherine Hawkes Chatham' Cym. Dainty × Cym. floribundum A.D.Hawkes, 1964 * (Orchidaceae) ''

Encyclia :''Encyclia'' is also a Greek term for the Codex Encyclius ''Encyclia'' is a genus of orchids. The genus name comes from Greek ''enkykleomai'' ("to encircle"), referring to the lateral lobes of the lip which encircle the column. It is abbreviate ...

'' 'Alex Hawkes' Encyclia oncidioides × Encyclia diurna Moir, 1969 * (Orchidaceae) '' Prosavola'' 'Alex Hawkes' Brassavola nodosa x Prosthechea mariae Flickinger, 1964 * (Orchidaceae) ''

Renanthera ''Renanthera'', abbreviated as Ren in horticultural trade, is a genus of large scrambling monopodial epiphytic and terrestrial species of orchid found in China, the Himalayas, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and Melanesia.Rice, R. (2008). Renanthera ...

'' 'Alex Hawkes' Renanthera coccinea x Renanthera storiei Moir, 1954 * (Orchidaceae) × ''Rhyncholaeliocattleya'' 'Alex Hawkes' ''Rhyncholaeliocattleya cliftonii'' x ''Cattleya'' Mount Royal

Wright Wright is an occupational surname originating in England and Scotland. The term 'Wright' comes from the circa 700 AD Old English word 'wryhta' or 'wyrhta', meaning worker or shaper of wood. Later it became any occupational worker (for example, a ...

, 1949 ; Species: * (Orchidaceae) ''

Aporum ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, ...

hendersonii'' syn. ''

Dendrobium ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly Epiphyte, epiphytic and Lithophyte, lithophytic orchids in the Family (biology), family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout m ...

hendersonii'' syn. ''

rudolphii'' A.D.Hawkes & A.H.Heller, 1957 * (Orchidaceae) ''

garayanum'' A.D.Hawkes & A.H.Heller, 1957 * (Orchidaceae) ''

hawkesii'' A.H.Heller, 1957 * (Orchidaceae) ''

hellerianum'' A.D.Hawkes, 1957 * (Orchidaceae) ''

Epidendrum ''Epidendrum'' , abbreviated Epi in the horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,500 species, some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name (from Greek language, Greek ''επί, epi'' an ...

hawkesii'' A.H.Heller, 1966 * (Orchidaceae) ''

hellerianum'' A.D.Hawkes, 1966 * (Orchidaceae) ''

nicaraguensis'' A.D.Hawkes, 1966 * (Orchidaceae) '' Hellerorchis handroi'' syn. ''

Gomesa ''Gomesa'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains about 80–100 species, all native to South America. The genus is abbreviated as ''Gom''.Lepanthes ''Lepanthes'' (from Greek "scaled-flower") is a large genus of orchids with about 800–1000 species, distributed in the Antilles and from Mexico through Bolivia (with very few species in Brazil). The genus is abbreviated in horticultural trade a ...

helleri'' A.D.Hawkes, 1966 * (Orchidaceae) ''

Mycaranthes ''Mycaranthes'' is a genus of orchids. It was previously considered as a Synonym (taxonomy), synonym of the genus ''Eria'', but eventually it has become an accepted name. Its species are native to Southeast Asia, China, the Himalayas and New Guin ...

hawkesii'' A.H.Heller, 1983 * (Orchidaceae) ''

Pecteilis ''Pecteilis'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is widespread across eastern and southern Asia including the Russian Far East, China, Japan, India, Pakistan, Indochina, and Indonesia. Species See also * List ...

hawkesiana''

King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...

& Pantl., 2003 * (Orchidaceae) ''

Pleurothallis ''Pleurothallis'' is a genus of orchids commonly called bonnet orchids. The genus name is derived from the Greek word , meaning "riblike branches". This refers to the rib-like stems of many species. The genus is often abbreviated as "Pths" in hor ...

helleri'' A.D.Hawkes, 1966 * (Orchidaceae) ''

hawkesii'' syn. ''

Restrepia ''Restrepia'', abbreviated Rstp in horticultural trade, is a small genus of 50 species in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), closely related to ''Pleurothallis''. Named in honor of Don Jose Restrepo, it tends to be more showy than most other Pleu ...

brachypus'' A.D.Hawkes, 1963 * (Orchidaceae) ''

Sobralia ''Sobralia'' is a genus of orchids native to Mexico, Central and South America. The plants are more commonly terrestrial, but are also found growing epiphytically, in wet forests from sea level to about 8,800 ft. The genus was named for D ...

hawkesii'' A.H.Heller, 1966 * (Orchidaceae) ''

helleri'' A.D.Hawkes, 1966 * (Orchidaceae) '' Tolumnia hawkesiana'' Moir, 1986 * (Orchidaceae) ''

Vanilla Vanilla is a spice derived from orchids of the genus ''Vanilla (genus), Vanilla'', primarily obtained from pods of the flat-leaved vanilla (''Vanilla planifolia, V. planifolia''). ''Vanilla'' is not Autogamy, autogamous, so pollination ...

helleri'' A.D.Hawkes, 1966 * (Moraceae) ''

Coussapoa ''Coussapoa'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Urticaceae. Its native range is Mexico, Central & Southern Tropical America. Species: *'' Coussapoa angustifolia'' *'' Coussapoa arachnoidea'' *'' Coussapoa argentea'' *' ...

cayennensis'' A.D.Hawkes, 1948

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hawkes, Alex Drum 20th-century American botanists American cookbook writers American food writers American television chefs American chefs 1927 births 1977 deaths Caribbean cuisine Cuban cuisine Mexican cuisine Latin American cuisine