The 5N65 radar (,
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ; , OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental Transnationalism, transnational military alliance of 32 Member states of NATO, member s ...
: Flat Twin, also RSN-225 ()
) was a Soviet military
phased array
In antenna (radio), antenna theory, a phased array usually means an electronically scanned array, a computer-controlled Antenna array, array of antennas which creates a radio beam, beam of radio waves that can be electronically steered to point ...
radar initially designed for the S-225
anti-ballistic missile
An anti-ballistic missile (ABM) is a surface-to-air missile designed to Missile defense, destroy in-flight ballistic missiles. They achieve this explosively (chemical or nuclear), or via hit-to-kill Kinetic projectile, kinetic vehicles, which ma ...
system which was never commissioned. The radar was later installed near the
Kura Test Range in
Kamchatka
The Kamchatka Peninsula (, ) is a peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about . The Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk make up the peninsula's eastern and western coastlines, respectively.
Immediately offshore along the Pacific ...
in the
Russian Far East
The Russian Far East ( rus, Дальний Восток России, p=ˈdalʲnʲɪj vɐˈstok rɐˈsʲiɪ) is a region in North Asia. It is the easternmost part of Russia and the Asia, Asian continent, and is coextensive with the Far Easte ...
as a part of 5K17 (
GRAU index
The Main Missile and Artillery Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (), commonly referred to by its transliterated acronym GRAU (), is a department of the Russian Ministry of Defense. It is subordinate to the Chief of ...
) tracking and measuring system and was demolished in 2006.
[
]
S-225
The radar was built as part of the S-225 anti-ballistic missile system (codename of the R&D work: Azov;[ The first design was done in 1964 and the first prototype of the system was installed in Sary Shagan in 1971, at site 53 ().]Kapustin Yar
Kapustin Yar () is a Russian military training area and a rocket launch complex in Astrakhan Oblast, about 100 km east of Volgograd. It was established by the Soviet Union on 13 May 1946. In the beginning, Kapustin Yar used technology, material ...
military launch range. Because of this it was decided that the second prototype should be installed in Kamchatka, near the Kura Test Range, to pick up missiles landing there after being launched elsewhere in the Soviet Union. In 1975 this second prototype was installed and checked in Sary Shagan and then dismantled and shipped to Vladivostok to be installed in Kamchatka.[
S-225 consisted of a 5N65 radar, a device transmitting commands to the missiles which NATO called "Pawn Shop", and two types of missiles. One missile, 5Ya27 (developer's name V-825), was designed by ]OKB Fakel
EDB Fakel (Russian language, Russian ''ОКБ "Факел"'') is a Russian electric propulsion system development company. It is located in Kaliningrad (town), Kaliningrad in Kaliningrad Oblast. It was founded in 1955 as a ''Propulsion laboratory ...
for exoatmospheric intercepts (above the atmosphere). The other, high-acceleration 5Ya26 (aka PRS-1) was designed by OKB Novator for endoatmospheric intercepts (within the atmosphere).
Radar
The 5N65 was a demountable active phased array
An active electronically scanned array (AESA) is a type of phased array antenna, which is a computer-controlled antenna array in which the beam of radio waves can be electronically steered to point in different directions without moving the ant ...
radar. The CIA
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA; ) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with advancing national security through collecting and analyzing intelligence from around the world and ...
estimated it could be installed in six weeks. It contained separate receive and transmit sections. The array was mounted on a pedestal and could be moved in azimuth and elevation.[ It is listed as being associated with the Russian space surveillance system in 2004.]
References
{{Russian and Soviet military designation sequences
Kamchatka Krai
Soviet military radars
Military equipment introduced in the 1970s