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195th Division, later 52nd Engineer Construction Division and 41st Engineer Brigade is a construction formation of the
People's Liberation Army The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the military of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). It consists of four Military branch, services—People's Liberation Army Ground Force, Ground Force, People's ...
of the
People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
. During the 1960s to 1970s, it took part in two major top-secret construction projects of underground command complex for the
Central Military Commission Central Military Commission may refer to: *Central Military Commission (China), the highest national defense organization in the People's Republic of China. *Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the highest body in Vietnam ...
of the
Chinese Communist Party The Communist Party of China (CPC), also translated into English as Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and One-party state, sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Founded in 1921, the CCP emerged victorious in the ...
.


195th Infantry Division

The 195th Division () was created in February 1949 under ''the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army'', issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 24th Brigade, 8th Column, 2nd Army Group of Huabei Military Region. Its history could be traced to 2nd Independent Brigade, 2nd Army Group of Huabei Military Region formed in September 1948. The division was composed of 583rd, 584th and 585th Infantry Regiments. As a part of 65th Corps the division took part in major battles during the
Chinese Civil War The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led Nationalist government, government of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China and the forces of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Armed conflict continued intermitt ...
, including the Pingjin Campaign, Taiyuan Campaign,
Lanzhou Campaign Lanzhou Campaign was a series battle fought between the nationalists and the communists for the control of the largest city in northwestern China during the Chinese Civil War in the post World War II era, and resulted in the communist victory. ...
and Ningxia Campaign. In December 1950, Artillery Regiment, 195th Division was activated. Since 1952 the regiment was renamed as 575th Artillery Regiment. In 1952 the division was renamed as 195th Infantry Division (). In February 1951 the division entered Korea as a part of
People's Volunteer Army The People's Volunteer Army (PVA), officially the Chinese People's Volunteers (CPV), was the armed expeditionary forces China in the Korean War, deployed by the History of the People's Republic of China (1949–1976), People's Republic of Chi ...
. During its deployment in Korea the division took part in the
Fifth Phase Offensive The Chinese spring offensive (), also known as the Chinese Fifth Phase Offensive (), was a military operation conducted by the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) during the Korean War. Mobilizing three field armies totaling 700,000 men for th ...
and several battles. In October 1953 the division pulled out from Korea. By then the division was composed of: *583rd Infantry Regiment; *584th Infantry Regiment; *585th Infantry Regiment; *575th Artillery Regiment. In April 1960 the division was renamed as 195th Army Division ().


52nd Construction Engineer Division

In October 1960, 195th Army Division, except its 575th Artillery Regiment, were transferred to Engineer Troops and reorganized as 102nd Engineer District Command(). All three regiments remained their designation. In March 1961 the district command moved to
Huailai Huailai () is a County (People's Republic of China), county in northwestern Hebei province, China, under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhangjiakou. Huailai County is a center for Chinese grape wine, grape wine production, wit ...
,
Hebei Hebei is a Provinces of China, province in North China. It is China's List of Chinese administrative divisions by population, sixth-most populous province, with a population of over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. It bor ...
. From 1961 to early 1970's the division was in charge of the construction of ''National Defense Project 102'', a top-secret underground command complex near
Guanting Reservoir Guanting Reservoir (), also known as Guanting Shuiku, is the first large-scale reservoir after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Guanting Reservoir is located at the junction of Beijing and Hebei Province, mostly in Huailai Coun ...
. In June 1961 the district command was reorganized as 52nd Engineer Construction Division(). All its three regiments were renamed as follow: *108th Engineer Regiment (former 583rd); *110th Engineer Regiment (former 584th); *118th Engineer Regiment (former 585th). In 1970 the division moved to
Fang County Fang County or Fangxian () is a county of northwestern Hubei province, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Shiyan City. The county spans an area of , and has a population of 390,991 as of 2010. History During the Sprin ...
,
Hubei Hubei is a province of China, province in Central China. It has the List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP, seventh-largest economy among Chinese provinces, the second-largest within Central China, and the third-largest among inland ...
for the construction of ''Project 123 Kuang'', another top-secret underground command complex near
Shennongjia Shennongjia Forestry District ( zh, s=神农架林区, p=Shénnóngjià Línqū) is a county-level administrative unit (a "forestry district") in northwestern Hubei province, People's Republic of China, directly subordinated to the provincial gover ...
area. After the completion of the program, the division garrisoned in
Xiangfan Xiangyang is the second-largest prefecture-level city by population in northwestern Hubei province, China. It was known as Xiangfan from 1950 to 2010. The Han River runs through Xiangyang's centre and divides the city north–south. The ci ...
,
Hubei Hubei is a province of China, province in Central China. It has the List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP, seventh-largest economy among Chinese provinces, the second-largest within Central China, and the third-largest among inland ...
. In 1982, after the disbandment of 51st Engineer Division, 104th and 115th Engineer Regiments were attached to 52nd Engineer Division.


41st Engineer Brigade

In 1985 the division was reduced and reorganized as 41st Engineer Brigade(). The brigade is composed of 4 construction battalions and 1 engineer battalion. The brigade is now stationing in Nankou area, Changping,
Beijing Beijing, Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital city of China. With more than 22 million residents, it is the world's List of national capitals by population, most populous national capital city as well as ...
.


References

{{People's Liberation Army Divisions Engineer divisions of the People's Liberation Army Military units and formations established in 1949 1949 establishments in China