3rd United States Congress
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The 3rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the
United States Senate The United States Senate is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the upper house, with the United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives being the lower house. Together, the Senate and ...
and the
United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the lower house, with the U.S. Senate being the upper house. Together, the House and Senate have the authority under Artic ...
. It met at Congress Hall in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Philadelphia ( ), colloquially referred to as Philly, is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania, most populous city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the List of United States cities by population, sixth-most populous city in the Unit ...
from March 4, 1793, to March 4, 1795, during the fifth and sixth years of
George Washington George Washington (, 1799) was a Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot (American Revoluti ...
's
presidency A presidency is an administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office of president of a state or nation. Although often the executive branch of government, and often personified b ...
. The apportionment of seats in the
House of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entities. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often ...
was governed by the Apportionment Act of 1792 and based on the 1790 census. The Senate had a Pro-Administration majority, and the House had an Anti-Administration majority.


Major events

* March 4, 1793: President
George Washington George Washington (, 1799) was a Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot (American Revoluti ...
begins his second term. * April 22, 1793: George Washington signed the Neutrality Proclamation * February 11, 1794: Wishing to avoid charges of being a Star Chamber, the Senate holds its first public session, resolving "That the Senate doors be opened". * March 14, 1794: Eli Whitney was granted a
patent A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an sufficiency of disclosure, enabling discl ...
for the
cotton gin A cotton gin—meaning "cotton engine"—is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, enabling much greater productivity than manual cotton separation.. Reprinted by McGraw-Hill, New York and London, 1926 (); ...
* March 27, 1794: The
federal government A federation (also called a federal state) is an entity characterized by a political union, union of partially federated state, self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a #Federal governments, federal government (federalism) ...
authorized the construction of the original six frigates of the United States Navy * August 7, 1794: Whiskey Rebellion began: Farmers in the Monongahela Valley of Pennsylvania rebelled against the federal tax on
liquor Liquor ( , sometimes hard liquor), spirits, distilled spirits, or spiritous liquor are alcoholic drinks produced by the distillation of grains, fruits, vegetables, or sugar that have already gone through ethanol fermentation, alcoholic ferm ...
and distilled drinks. * August 20, 1794: Battle of Fallen Timbers — American troops under General Anthony Wayne forced a confederacy of Shawnee, Mingo,
Delaware Delaware ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic states, South Atlantic regions of the United States. It borders Maryland to its south and west, Pennsylvania to its north, New Jersey ...
, Wyandot,
Miami Miami is a East Coast of the United States, coastal city in the U.S. state of Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, Florida, Miami-Dade County in South Florida. It is the core of the Miami metropolitan area, which, with a populat ...
,
Ottawa Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It is located in the southern Ontario, southern portion of the province of Ontario, at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the cor ...
, Chippewa and Pottawatomie warriors into a disorganized retreat.


Major legislation

* January 13, 1794: Flag Act of 1794, Sess. 1, ch. 1, * March 22, 1794: Slave Trade Act of 1794, Sess. 1, ch. 11, * March 27, 1794: Naval Act of 1794, Sess. 1, ch. 12, * January 29, 1795: Naturalization Act of 1795, Sess. 2, ch. 20,


Constitutional amendments

* March 4, 1794: Approved an amendment to the
United States Constitution The Constitution of the United States is the Supremacy Clause, supreme law of the United States, United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, on March 4, 1789. Originally includi ...
clarifying judicial power over foreign nationals, and limiting the ability of citizens to sue states in federal courts and under federal law, and submitted it to the state legislatures for
ratification Ratification is a principal's legal confirmation of an act of its agent. In international law, ratification is the process by which a state declares its consent to be bound to a treaty. In the case of bilateral treaties, ratification is usuall ...
. ** February 7, 1795: The
Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution The Eleventh Amendment (Amendment XI) is an amendment to the United States Constitution which was passed by Congress on March 4, 1794, and ratified by the states on February 7, 1795. The Eleventh Amendment restricts the ability of individuals ...
was ratified by the requisite number of states (then 12) to become part of the Constitution.


Treaties

* November 19, 1794: The United States and the
Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain, also known as the Kingdom of Great Britain, was a sovereign state in Western Europe from 1707 to the end of 1800. The state was created by the 1706 Treaty of Union and ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, which united the Kingd ...
signed the Jay Treaty, which attempted to clear up some of the lingering problems left over from the
American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was the armed conflict that comprised the final eight years of the broader American Revolution, in which Am ...


Faction summary

There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record. Details on changes are shown below in the " Changes in membership" section.


Senate


House of Representatives


Leadership


Senate

* President:
John Adams John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was a Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father and the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Before Presidency of John Adams, his presidency, he was a leader of ...
(P) * President pro tempore: John Langdon (P), until December 2, 1793 ** Ralph Izard (P), May 31, 1794 – November 9, 1794 ** Henry Tazewell (P), from February 20, 1795


House of Representatives

* Speaker: Frederick Muhlenberg (A)


Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district. :'' Skip to House of Representatives, below''


Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.


Connecticut Connecticut ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. ...

: 1. Oliver Ellsworth (P) : 3. Roger Sherman (P), until July 23, 1793 :: Stephen Mitchell (P), from December 2, 1793


Delaware Delaware ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic states, South Atlantic regions of the United States. It borders Maryland to its south and west, Pennsylvania to its north, New Jersey ...

: 1. George Read (P), until September 18, 1793 :: Henry Latimer (P), from February 7, 1795 : 2.
John Vining John Middleton Vining (December 23, 1758 – February 1802) was an American lawyer and politician from Dover, Delaware, Dover, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a Continental Congressman from Delaware, and a member of the Federalist Party, who ser ...
(P)


Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...

: 2. James Jackson (A) : 3. James Gunn (A)


Kentucky Kentucky (, ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north, West Virginia to the ...

: 2. John Brown (A) : 3. John Edwards (A)


Maryland Maryland ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It borders the states of Virginia to its south, West Virginia to its west, Pennsylvania to its north, and Delaware to its east ...

: 1. Richard Potts (P) : 3. John Henry (P)


Massachusetts Massachusetts ( ; ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode ...

: 1. George Cabot (P) : 2. Caleb Strong (P)


New Hampshire New Hampshire ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec t ...

: 2. Samuel Livermore (P) : 3. John Langdon (A)


New Jersey New Jersey is a U.S. state, state located in both the Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States, Northeastern regions of the United States. Located at the geographic hub of the urban area, heavily urbanized Northeas ...

: 1. John Rutherfurd (P) : 2. Frederick Frelinghuysen (P)


New York

: 1. Aaron Burr (A) : 3. Rufus King (P)


North Carolina North Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, South Carolina to the south, Georgia (U.S. stat ...

: 2. Alexander Martin (A) : 3. Benjamin Hawkins (A)


Pennsylvania Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a U.S. state, state spanning the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern United States, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes region, Great Lakes regions o ...

: 1. Albert Gallatin (A), until February 28, 1794 :: James Ross (P), from April 24, 1794 : 3. Robert Morris (P)


Rhode Island Rhode Island ( ) is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Connecticut to its west; Massachusetts to its north and east; and the Atlantic Ocean to its south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Is ...

: 1. Theodore Foster (P) : 2. William Bradford (P)


South Carolina South Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders North Carolina to the north and northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, and Georgia (U.S. state), Georg ...

: 2. Pierce Butler (A) : 3. Ralph Izard (P)


Vermont Vermont () is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York (state), New York to the west, and the Provinces and territories of Ca ...

: 1. Moses Robinson (A) : 3. Stephen R. Bradley (A)


Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the East Coast of the United States ...

: 1. James Monroe (A), until May 27, 1794 :: Stevens Mason (A), from November 18, 1794 : 2. John Taylor of Caroline (A), until May 11, 1794 :: Henry Tazewell (A), from December 29, 1794


House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.


Connecticut Connecticut ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. ...

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . Joshua Coit (P) : . James Hillhouse (P) : . Amasa Learned (P) : .
Zephaniah Swift Zephaniah Swift (February 27, 1759 – September 27, 1823) was an eighteenth-century American writer, judge, lawyer, chief justice, congressman, law professor, diplomat and politician from Windham, Connecticut. He served as a U.S. Representativ ...
(P) : . Uriah Tracy (P) : . Jonathan Trumbull Jr. (P) : . Jeremiah Wadsworth (P)


Delaware Delaware ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic states, South Atlantic regions of the United States. It borders Maryland to its south and west, Pennsylvania to its north, New Jersey ...

: . John Patten (A), until February 14, 1794 :: Henry Latimer (P), February 14, 1794 – February 7, 1795 :: Vacant thereafter


Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . Abraham Baldwin (A) : . Thomas P. Carnes (A)


Kentucky Kentucky (, ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north, West Virginia to the ...

: . Christopher Greenup (A) : . Alexander D. Orr (A)


Maryland Maryland ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It borders the states of Virginia to its south, West Virginia to its west, Pennsylvania to its north, and Delaware to its east ...

: . George Dent (P) : . John Mercer (A), until April 13, 1794 :: Gabriel Duvall (A), from November 11, 1794 : . Uriah Forrest (P), until November 8, 1794 :: Benjamin Edwards (P), from January 2, 1795 : . Thomas Sprigg (A) : . Samuel Smith (A) : . Gabriel Christie (A) : . William Hindman (P) : . William Vans Murray (P)


Massachusetts Massachusetts ( ; ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode ...

There was a single at-large seat along with four plural districts, each of which had multiple representatives elected at-large on a general ticket. : . Fisher Ames (P) : . Samuel Dexter (P) : . Benjamin Goodhue (P) : . Samuel Holten (A) : . Dwight Foster (P) : . William Lyman (A) : . Theodore Sedgwick (P) : . Artemas Ward (P) : . Shearjashub Bourne (P) : . Peleg Coffin Jr. (P) : . Henry Dearborn (A) : . George Thatcher (P) : . Peleg Wadsworth (P) : . David Cobb (P)


New Hampshire New Hampshire ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec t ...

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . Nicholas Gilman (P) : . John Sherburne (A) : . Jeremiah Smith (P) : . Paine Wingate (P)


New Jersey New Jersey is a U.S. state, state located in both the Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States, Northeastern regions of the United States. Located at the geographic hub of the urban area, heavily urbanized Northeas ...

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . John Beatty (P) : . Elias Boudinot (P) : . Lambert Cadwalader (P) : . Abraham Clark (P), until September 15, 1794 :: Aaron Kitchell (A), from January 29, 1795 : . Jonathan Dayton (P)


New York

: . Thomas Tredwell (A) : . John Watts (P) : . Philip Van Cortlandt (A) : . Peter Van Gaasbeck (P) : . Theodorus Bailey (senator), Theodorus Bailey (A) : . Ezekiel Gilbert (P) : . John E. Van Alen (P) : . Henry Glen (P) : . James Gordon (New York), James Gordon (P) : . Silas Talbot (P), until June 5, 1794 :: Vacant thereafter


List of United States representatives from North Carolina, North Carolina

: . Joseph McDowell (General), Joseph McDowell (A) : . Matthew Locke (U.S. Congress), Matthew Locke (A) : . Joseph Winston (A) : . Alexander Mebane (A) : . Nathaniel Macon (A) : . James Gillespie (U.S. politician), James Gillespie (A) : . William Barry Grove (P) : . William Johnston Dawson (A) : . Thomas Blount (statesman), Thomas Blount (A) : . Benjamin Williams (A)


List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . James Armstrong (Pennsylvania), James Armstrong (P) : . William Findley (A) : . Thomas Fitzsimons (P) : . Andrew Gregg (A) : . Thomas Hartley (P) : . Daniel Hiester (A) : . William Irvine (physician), William Irvine (A) : . John W. Kittera, John Wilkes Kittera (P) : . William Montgomery (Pennsylvania soldier), William Montgomery (A) : . Frederick Muhlenberg, Frederick A. C. Muhlenberg (A) : . Peter Muhlenberg, John Peter G. Muhlenberg (A) : . Thomas Scott (American politician), Thomas Scott (P) : . John Smilie (A)


List of United States representatives from Rhode Island, Rhode Island

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . Benjamin Bourne (P) : . Francis Malbone (P)


List of United States representatives from South Carolina, South Carolina

: . William Loughton Smith, William L. Smith (P) : . John Hunter (South Carolina), John Hunter (A) : . Lemuel Benton (A) : . Richard Winn (A) : . Alexander Gillon (A), until October 6, 1794 :: Robert Goodloe Harper (P), from February 9, 1795 : . Andrew Pickens (congressman), Andrew Pickens (A)


List of United States representatives from Vermont, Vermont

: . Israel Smith (A) : . Nathaniel Niles (politician), Nathaniel Niles (A)


List of United States representatives from Virginia, Virginia

: . Robert Rutherford (congressman), Robert Rutherford (A) : . Andrew Moore (politician), Andrew Moore (A) : . Joseph Neville (A) : . Francis Preston (A) : . George Hancock (Virginia politician), George Hancock (P) : . Isaac Coles (A) : . Abraham B. Venable (A) : . Thomas Claiborne (1749-1812), Thomas Claiborne (A) : . William Branch Giles, William B. Giles (A) : . Carter Bassett Harrison, Carter B. Harrison (A) : . Josiah Parker (P) : . John Page (Virginia politician), John Page (A) : . Samuel Griffin (P) : . Francis Walker (Virginia politician), Francis Walker (A) : . James Madison (A) : . Anthony New (A) : . Richard Bland Lee I, Richard Bland Lee (P) : . John Nicholas (congressman), John Nicholas (A) : . John Heath (politician), John Heath (A)


Non-voting members

: ("Southwest Territory", later "Tennessee"). James White (Southwest Territory politician), James White, seated September 3, 1794


Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress


United States Senate

There were 1 death, 3 resigns, 1 late election, and 1 contested election. , - ,
Connecticut Connecticut ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. ...

(3) , , Roger Sherman (P) , Died July 23, 1793. , , Stephen Mix Mitchell, Stephen M. Mitchell (P) , Elected December 2, 1793 , - ,
Delaware Delaware ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic states, South Atlantic regions of the United States. It borders Maryland to its south and west, Pennsylvania to its north, New Jersey ...

(1) , , George Read (signer), George Read (P) , Resigned on September 18, 1793. Kensey Johns (judge), Kensey Johns was appointed on March 19, 1794, but not permitted to qualify. , , Henry Latimer (P) , Appointed February 7, 1795 , - ,
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a U.S. state, state spanning the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern United States, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes region, Great Lakes regions o ...

(1) , , Albert Gallatin (A) , Credentials were contested and the seat was declared vacant February 28, 1794. , , James Ross (P) , Elected April 24, 1794 , - ,
Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the East Coast of the United States ...

(1) , , James Monroe (A) , Resigned May 11, 1794, to become United States Minister to France. , , Stevens Thomson Mason (Virginia), Stevens T. Mason (A) , Elected November 18, 1794 , - ,
Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the East Coast of the United States ...

(2) , , John Taylor of Caroline, John Taylor (A) , Resigned May 11, 1794. , , Henry Tazewell (A) , Elected November 18, 1794


House of Representatives

There were 2 deaths, 3 resignations, and 1 contested election. , - , nowrap , , , John Patten (congressman), John Patten (A) , Contested election; served until February 14, 1794. , , Henry Latimer (P) , Seated February 14, 1794 , - , nowrap , , Vacant , Delegate seat established. , James White (Southwest Territory politician), James White Non-voting delegate , Elected September 3, 1794 , - , nowrap , , , John Francis Mercer (A) , Resigned April 13, 1794. , , Gabriel Duvall (A) , Seated November 11, 1794 , - , nowrap , , , Silas Talbot (P) , Accepted appointment to the U.S. Navy June 5, 1794. , Vacant , Not filled in this Congress , - , nowrap , , , Abraham Clark (P) , Died September 15, 1794. , , Aaron Kitchell (P) , Seated January 29, 1795 , - , nowrap , , , Alexander Gillon (A) , Died October 6, 1794. , , Robert G. Harper, Robert Goodloe Harper (P) , Seated February 9, 1795 , - , nowrap , , , Uriah Forrest (P) , Resigned November 8, 1794. , , Benjamin Edwards (P) , Seated January 2, 1795 , - , nowrap , , , Henry Latimer (P) , Resigned February 7, 1795, having been elected U.S. Senator. , Vacant , Not filled in this Congress


Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.


Senate

* Committee of the whole, Whole


House of Representatives

* United States House Committee on Claims, Claims (Chairman: Uriah Tracy) * United States House Committee on Elections, Elections (Chairman: William Loughton Smith then Jonathan Dayton) * United States House Select Committee on Rules, Rules (Select) * United States House Committee on Ways and Means, Ways and Means (Chairman: William Loughton Smith) * Committee of the Whole (United States House of Representatives), Whole


Joint committees

* United States Congress Joint Committee on Enrolled Bills, Enrolled Bills (Chairman: John Rutherfurd)


Employees

* Architect of the Capitol: William Thornton


Senate

* Chaplain of the United States Senate, Chaplain: William White (Bishop of Pennsylvania), William White (Episcopal Church in the United States of America, Episcopalian) * Doorkeeper of the United States Senate, Doorkeeper: James Mathers (Sergeant at Arms), James Mathers * Secretary of the United States Senate, Secretary: Samuel Allyne Otis


House of Representatives

* Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives, Chaplain: Ashbel Green (Presbyterianism, Presbyterian) * Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, Clerk: John J. Beckley * Doorkeeper of the United States House of Representatives, Doorkeeper: Gifford Dalley * Reading Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, Reading Clerks: * Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives, Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton


See also

* 1792 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress) ** 1792 United States presidential election ** 1792–93 United States Senate elections ** 1792–93 United States House of Representatives elections * 1794 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress) ** 1794–95 United States Senate elections ** 1794–95 United States House of Representatives elections


Notes


References

* *


External links


Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
{{USCongresses 3rd United States Congress,