The 39th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the

United States Senate The United States Senate is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the upper house, with the United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives being the lower house. Together, the Senate and ...

and the

United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the lower house, with the U.S. Senate being the upper house. Together, the House and Senate have the authority under Artic ...

. It met in

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from Virginia, and shares land borders with ...

, from March 4, 1865, to March 4, 1867, during

Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th president of the United States, serving from 1861 until Assassination of Abraham Lincoln, his assassination in 1865. He led the United States through the American Civil War ...

's final month as

president President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...

, and the first two years of the

administration Administration may refer to: Management of organizations * Management, the act of directing people towards accomplishing a goal: the process of dealing with or controlling things or people. ** Administrative assistant, traditionally known as a se ...

of his successor,

Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808July 31, 1875) was the 17th president of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. The 16th vice president, he assumed the presidency following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Johnson was a South ...

. The apportionment of seats in this

House of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entities. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often ...

was based on the 1860 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

Major events

* March 4, 1865: Second inauguration of President

. * April 9, 1865: Surrender of Confederate forces at Appomattox Court House, effectively ending the

American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...

* April 15, 1865: Assassination of President

, Vice President

became

President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the Federal government of the United States#Executive branch, executive branch of the Federal government of t ...

* December 11, 1865: Creation of the House Appropriations Committee and the House Banking and Commerce Committee, reducing the tasks of the House Ways and Means Committee * January, 1866: The second and current

United States Capitol The United States Capitol, often called the Capitol or the Capitol Building, is the Seat of government, seat of the United States Congress, the United States Congress, legislative branch of the Federal government of the United States, federal g ...

dome completed after 11 years of work. * July 24, 1866: Tennessee became the first U.S. state to be readmitted to the Union following the American Civil War. * November 5, 1866: United States House of Representatives elections, 1866 * January 8, 1867: African American men are granted the right to vote in the District of Columbia

Major legislation

* April 9, 1866: Civil Rights Act of 1866, Sess. 1, ch. 31, * July 16, 1866: Freedmen's Bureau Bill, Sess. 1, ch. 200, * July 23, 1866: Judicial Circuits Act, Sess. 1, ch. 210, , reduced the number of United States circuit courts to nine and the number of Supreme Court justices to seven * July 23, 1866: District of Columbia Public Schools Act ("An Act relating to Public Schools in the District of Columbia"), Sess. 1, ch. 217, * July 25, 1866: An Act to revive the grade of General in the United States Army, Sess. 1, ch. 232, , (now called "4-star general"); Lieutenant General

Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822July 23, 1885) was the 18th president of the United States, serving from 1869 to 1877. In 1865, as Commanding General of the United States Army, commanding general, Grant led the Uni ...

became the first to have this rank. * July 28, 1866: Metric Act of 1866, Sess. 1, ch. 301, , legalized the use of the metric system for weights and measures in the United States. * July 28, 1866: Washington City Colored Schools Lots Donation Act ("An Act donating certain Lots in the City of Washington for Schools for Colored Children in the District of Columbia"), Sess. 1, ch. 308, * March 2, 1867: Reconstruction Act, ch. 153, established five military districts, each headed by a general, in ten states of the former Confederate South (Tennessee excepted), and stipulates conditions for re-admission of these States into the Union. * March 2, 1867: Tenure of Office Act, ch. 154, required the president to obtain the Senate's advice and consent to suspend or dismiss certain federal public officials (notably cabinet officers). Violation of this act will lead to the

impeachment of Andrew Johnson The Federal impeachment in the United States, impeachment of Andrew Johnson for "high crimes and misdemeanors" was initiated by the United States House of Representatives on February 24, 1868. The alleged high crimes and misdemeanors were after ...

by the next ( 40th) Congress in 1868.

Constitutional amendments

* December 18, 1865:

Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished Slavery in the United States, slavery and involuntary servitude, except Penal labor in the United States, as punishment for a crime. The amendment was passed ...

declared

ratified Ratification is a principal's legal confirmation of an act of its agent. In international law, ratification is the process by which a state declares its consent to be bound to a treaty. In the case of bilateral treaties, ratification is usuall ...

* June 13, 1866: Approved an amendment to the

Constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity, and commonly determines how that entity is to be governed. When these pri ...

addressing citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and submitted it to the state legislatures for

ratification Ratification is a principal's legal confirmation of an act of its agent. In international law, ratification is the process by which a state declares its consent to be bound to a treaty. In the case of bilateral treaties, ratification is usuall ...

** Amendment was later ratified on July 9, 1868, becoming the

Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. Considered one of the most consequential amendments, it addresses Citizenship of the United States ...

States admitted

* July 24, 1866: Tennessee readmitted to representation. * March 1, 1867:

Nebraska Nebraska ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Ka ...

admitted as the 37th state, sess. 2, ch. 36, (over president's

veto A veto is a legal power to unilaterally stop an official action. In the most typical case, a president (government title), president or monarch vetoes a bill (law), bill to stop it from becoming statutory law, law. In many countries, veto powe ...

)

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

During this Congress, two seats were added for the new state of Nebraska.

House of Representatives

During this Congress, one seat was added for the new state of Nebraska.

Leadership

Senate

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...

(D), until April 15, 1865; vacant thereafter. * President pro tempore: Lafayette S. Foster (R), until March 2, 1867 ** Benjamin F. Wade (R), elected March 2, 1867 * Republican Conference Chairman: Henry B. Anthony

House of Representatives

* Speaker:

Schuyler Colfax Schuyler Colfax Jr. ( ; March 23, 1823January 13, 1885) was an American journalist, businessman, and politician who served as the 17th vice president of the United States from 1869 to 1873, and prior to that as the 25th Speaker of the United Sta ...

(R) * Republican Conference Chairman: Justin S. Morrill

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1868; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1870; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1866. :'' Skip to House of Representatives, below''

Alabama Alabama ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South, Deep Southern regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gu ...

: 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant

Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the West South Central region of the Southern United States. It borders Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, Texas to the southwest, and Oklahoma ...

: 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant

California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...

: 1. John Conness (R) : 3. James A. McDougall (D)

Connecticut Connecticut ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. ...

: 1. James Dixon (R) : 3. Lafayette S. Foster (R)

Delaware Delaware ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic states, South Atlantic regions of the United States. It borders Maryland to its south and west, Pennsylvania to its north, New Jersey ...

: 1. George R. Riddle (D) : 2. Willard Saulsbury Sr. (D)

Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...

: 1. Vacant : 3. Vacant

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...

: 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. It borders on Lake Michigan to its northeast, the Mississippi River to its west, and the Wabash River, Wabash and Ohio River, Ohio rivers to its ...

: 2. Richard Yates (R) : 3. Lyman Trumbull (R)

Indiana Indiana ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Michigan to the northwest, Michigan to the north and northeast, Ohio to the east, the Ohio River and Kentucky to the s ...

: 1. Thomas A. Hendricks (D) : 3. Henry S. Lane (R)

Iowa Iowa ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the upper Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west; Wisconsin to the northeast, Ill ...

: 2. James W. Grimes (R) : 3. James Harlan (R), until May 15, 1865 :: Samuel J. Kirkwood (R), from January 13, 1866

Kansas Kansas ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the west. Kansas is named a ...

: 2. Jim Lane (R), until July 11, 1866 :: Edmund G. Ross (R), from July 19, 1866 : 3. Samuel C. Pomeroy (R)

Kentucky Kentucky (, ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north, West Virginia to the ...

: 2. James Guthrie (D) : 3. Garrett Davis (U)

Louisiana Louisiana ( ; ; ) is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It borders Texas to the west, Arkansas to the north, and Mississippi to the east. Of the 50 U.S. states, it ranks 31st in area and 25 ...

: 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant

Maine Maine ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the United States, and the northeasternmost state in the Contiguous United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Provinces and ...

: 1. Lot M. Morrill (R) : 2. William P. Fessenden (R)

Maryland Maryland ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It borders the states of Virginia to its south, West Virginia to its west, Pennsylvania to its north, and Delaware to its east ...

: 1. Reverdy Johnson (D) : 3. John A. J. Creswell (UU), from March 9, 1865

Massachusetts Massachusetts ( ; ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode ...

: 1.

Charles Sumner Charles Sumner (January 6, 1811March 11, 1874) was an American lawyer and statesman who represented Massachusetts in the United States Senate from 1851 until his death in 1874. Before and during the American Civil War, he was a leading American ...

(R) : 2. Henry Wilson (R)

Michigan Michigan ( ) is a peninsular U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest, Upper Midwestern United States. It shares water and land boundaries with Minnesota to the northwest, Wisconsin to the west, ...

: 1. Zachariah Chandler (R) : 2. Jacob M. Howard (R)

Minnesota Minnesota ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Upper Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario to the north and east and by the U.S. states of Wisconsin to the east, Iowa to the so ...

: 1. Alexander Ramsey (R) : 2. Daniel S. Norton (R)

Mississippi Mississippi ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Alabama to the east, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, Louisiana to the s ...

: 1. Vacant : 2. Vacant

Missouri Missouri (''see #Etymology and pronunciation, pronunciation'') is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking List of U.S. states and territories by area, 21st in land area, it border ...

: 1. John B. Henderson (R) : 3. B. Gratz Brown (R)

Nebraska Nebraska ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Ka ...

: 1. Thomas Tipton (R), from March 1, 1867 (newly admitted state) : 2. John M. Thayer (R), from March 1, 1867 (newly admitted state)

Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a landlocked state in the Western United States. It borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. Nevada is the seventh-most extensive, th ...

: 1. William M. Stewart (R) : 3. James W. Nye (R)

New Hampshire New Hampshire ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec t ...

: 2. Aaron H. Cragin (R) : 3. Daniel Clark (R), until July 27, 1866 :: George G. Fogg (R), from August 31, 1866

New Jersey New Jersey is a U.S. state, state located in both the Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States, Northeastern regions of the United States. Located at the geographic hub of the urban area, heavily urbanized Northeas ...

: 1. William Wright (D), until November 1, 1866 :: Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R), from November 12, 1866 : 2. John P. Stockton (D), March 15, 1865 – March 27, 1866 :: Alexander G. Cattell (R), from September 19, 1866

New York

: 3. Ira Harris (R) : 1. Edwin D. Morgan (R)

North Carolina North Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, South Carolina to the south, Georgia (U.S. stat ...

: 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant

Ohio Ohio ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Erie to the north, Pennsylvania to the east, West Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Indiana to the ...

: 1. Benjamin Wade (R) : 3. John Sherman (R)

Oregon Oregon ( , ) is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is a part of the Western U.S., with the Columbia River delineating much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while t ...

: 2. George H. Williams (R) : 3. James W. Nesmith (D)

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a U.S. state, state spanning the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern United States, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes region, Great Lakes regions o ...

: 1. Charles R. Buckalew (D) : 3. Edgar Cowan (R)

Rhode Island Rhode Island ( ) is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Connecticut to its west; Massachusetts to its north and east; and the Atlantic Ocean to its south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Is ...

: 1. William Sprague IV (R) : 2. Henry B. Anthony (R)

South Carolina South Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders North Carolina to the north and northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, and Georgia (U.S. state), Georg ...

: 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant

Tennessee Tennessee (, ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina t ...

: 1. David T. Patterson (U), from July 28, 1866 : 2. Joseph S. Fowler (U), from July 24, 1866

Texas Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the we ...

: 1. Vacant : 2. Vacant

Vermont Vermont () is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York (state), New York to the west, and the Provinces and territories of Ca ...

: 1. Solomon Foot (R), until March 28, 1866 :: George F. Edmunds (R), from April 3, 1866 : 3. Jacob Collamer (R), until November 9, 1865 :: Luke P. Poland (R), from November 21, 1865

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the East Coast of the United States ...

: 1. Vacant : 2. Vacant

West Virginia West Virginia is a mountainous U.S. state, state in the Southern United States, Southern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.The United States Census Bureau, Census Bureau and the Association of American ...

: 1. Peter G. Van Winkle (UU) : 2. Waitman T. Willey (R)

Wisconsin Wisconsin ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest of the United States. It borders Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michig ...

: 1.

James R. Doolittle James Rood Doolittle Sr. (January 3, 1815July 27, 1897) was an American lawyer, politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He represented Wisconsin for 12 years as a United States senator, from March 4, 1857, to March 4, 1869. During h ...

(R) : 3. Timothy O. Howe (R) Lafayette S

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Alabama Alabama ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South, Deep Southern regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gu ...

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the West South Central region of the Southern United States. It borders Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, Texas to the southwest, and Oklahoma ...

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...

(3 Republicans) : . Donald C. McRuer (R) : . William Higby (R) : . John Bidwell (R)

Connecticut Connecticut ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. ...

(4 Republicans) : . Henry C. Deming (R) : . Samuel L. Warner (R) : . Augustus Brandegee (R) : . John H. Hubbard (R)

Delaware Delaware ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic states, South Atlantic regions of the United States. It borders Maryland to its south and west, Pennsylvania to its north, New Jersey ...

(1 Democrat) : . John A. Nicholson (D)

Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...

: . Vacant

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. It borders on Lake Michigan to its northeast, the Mississippi River to its west, and the Wabash River, Wabash and Ohio River, Ohio rivers to its ...

(11–3 Republican) : . John Wentworth (R) : . John F. Farnsworth (R) : . Elihu B. Washburne (R) : . Abner C. Harding (R) : . Ebon C. Ingersoll (R) : . Burton C. Cook (R) : . Henry P. H. Bromwell (R) : . Shelby M. Cullom (R) : . Lewis Winans Ross (D) : . Anthony Thornton (D) : . Samuel S. Marshall (D) : . Jehu Baker (R) : . Andrew J. Kuykendall (R) : . Samuel W. Moulton (R)

Indiana Indiana ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Michigan to the northwest, Michigan to the north and northeast, Ohio to the east, the Ohio River and Kentucky to the s ...

(8–3 Republican) : . William E. Niblack (D) : . Michael C. Kerr (D) : . Ralph Hill (R) : . John H. Farquhar (R) : . George W. Julian (R) : . Ebenezer Dumont (R) : . Daniel W. Voorhees (D), until February 23, 1866 :: Henry D. Washburn (R), from February 23, 1866 : . Godlove S. Orth (R) : .

(R) : . Joseph H. Defrees (R) : . Thomas N. Stilwell (R)

Iowa Iowa ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the upper Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west; Wisconsin to the northeast, Ill ...

(6 Republicans) : . James F. Wilson (R) : . Hiram Price (R) : . William B. Allison (R) : . Josiah B. Grinnell (R) : . John A. Kasson (R) : . Asahel W. Hubbard (R)

Kansas Kansas ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the west. Kansas is named a ...

(1 Republican) : . Sidney Clarke (R)

Kentucky Kentucky (, ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north, West Virginia to the ...

(4–5 Democratic) : . Lawrence S. Trimble (D) : . Burwell C. Ritter (D) : . Henry Grider (D), until September 7, 1866 :: Elijah Hise (D), from December 3, 1866 : . Aaron Harding (D) : . Lovell H. Rousseau (UU), until July 21, 1866, and from December 3, 1866 : . Green C. Smith (UU), until July ??, 1866 :: Andrew H. Ward (D), from December 3, 1866 : . George S. Shanklin (D) : . William H. Randall (UU) : . Samuel McKee (UU)

Louisiana Louisiana ( ; ; ) is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It borders Texas to the west, Arkansas to the north, and Mississippi to the east. Of the 50 U.S. states, it ranks 31st in area and 25 ...

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

Maine Maine ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the United States, and the northeasternmost state in the Contiguous United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Provinces and ...

(5 Republicans) : . John Lynch (R) : . Sidney Perham (R) : . James G. Blaine (R) : . John H. Rice (R) : . Frederick A. Pike (R)

Maryland Maryland ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It borders the states of Virginia to its south, West Virginia to its west, Pennsylvania to its north, and Delaware to its east ...

(3–2 Unconditional Unionist) : . Hiram McCullough (D) : . Edwin H. Webster (UU), until July ??, 1865 :: John L. Thomas Jr. (UU), from December 4, 1865 : .

Charles E. Phelps Charles Edward Phelps (May 1, 1833 – December 27, 1908) was a Colonel (United States), colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War, Civil War, later received a Brevet (military), brevet as a Brigadier general (United States), brig ...

(UU) : . Francis Thomas (UU) : . Benjamin G. Harris (D)

Massachusetts Massachusetts ( ; ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode ...

(10 Republicans) : . Thomas D. Eliot (R) : .

Oakes Ames Oakes Ames (January 10, 1804 – May 8, 1873) was an American businessman, investor, and politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts. As a congressman, he is credited by many historians as being ...

(R) : . Alexander H. Rice (R) : . Samuel Hooper (R) : . John B. Alley (R) : . Daniel W. Gooch (R), until September 1, 1865 ::

Nathaniel P. Banks Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union Army, Union general during the American Civil War, Civil War. A millworker, Banks became prominent in local ...

(R), from December 4, 1865 : . George S. Boutwell (R) : . John D. Baldwin (R) : . William B. Washburn (R) : . Henry L. Dawes (R)

Michigan Michigan ( ) is a peninsular U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest, Upper Midwestern United States. It shares water and land boundaries with Minnesota to the northwest, Wisconsin to the west, ...

(6 Republicans) : . Fernando C. Beaman (R) : . Charles Upson (R) : . John W. Longyear (R) : . Thomas W. Ferry (R) : . Rowland E. Trowbridge (R) : . John F. Driggs (R)

Minnesota Minnesota ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Upper Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario to the north and east and by the U.S. states of Wisconsin to the east, Iowa to the so ...

(2 Republicans) : . William Windom (R) : .

Ignatius L. Donnelly Ignatius Loyola Donnelly (November 3, 1831 – January 1, 1901) was an American Congressman, populist writer, and pseudoscientist. He is known primarily now for his fringe theories concerning Atlantis, Catastrophism (especially the idea of ...

(R)

Mississippi Mississippi ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Alabama to the east, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, Louisiana to the s ...

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

Missouri Missouri (''see #Etymology and pronunciation, pronunciation'') is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking List of U.S. states and territories by area, 21st in land area, it border ...

(8–1 Republican) : . John Hogan (D) : . Henry T. Blow (R) : . Thomas E. Noell (R) : . John R. Kelso (IR) : . Joseph W. McClurg (R) : . Robert T. Van Horn (R) : . Benjamin F. Loan (R) : . John F. Benjamin (R) : . George W. Anderson (R)

Nebraska Nebraska ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Ka ...

(1 Republican) : . Turner M. Marquette (R), from March 2, 1867 (newly admitted state)

Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a landlocked state in the Western United States. It borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. Nevada is the seventh-most extensive, th ...

(1 Republican) : .

Delos R. Ashley Delos Rodeyn Ashley (February 19, 1828 – July 18, 1873) was a California and Nevada politician who served as State Treasurer of California and a member of the United States House of Representatives from Nevada. Biography Ashley was born at Ark ...

(R)

New Hampshire New Hampshire ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec t ...

(3 Republicans) : . Gilman Marston (R) : . Edward H. Rollins (R) : . James W. Patterson (R)

New Jersey New Jersey is a U.S. state, state located in both the Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States, Northeastern regions of the United States. Located at the geographic hub of the urban area, heavily urbanized Northeas ...

(3–2 Democratic) : . John F. Starr (R) : . William A. Newell (R) : . Charles Sitgreaves (D) : . Andrew J. Rogers (D) : . Edwin R. V. Wright (D)

New York

(20–11 Republican) : . Stephen Taber (D) : . Teunis G. Bergen (D) : . James Humphrey (R), until June 16, 1866 :: John W. Hunter (D), from December 4, 1866 : . Morgan Jones (D) : . Nelson Taylor (D) : . Henry J. Raymond (R) : . John W. Chanler (D) : . James Brooks (D), until April 7, 1866 :: William E. Dodge (R), from April 7, 1866 : . William A. Darling (R) : . William Radford (D) : . Charles H. Winfield (D) : . John H. Ketcham (R) : . Edwin N. Hubbell (D) : . Charles Goodyear (D) : . John Augustus Griswold (R) : . Orlando Kellogg (R), until August 24, 1865 :: Robert S. Hale (R), from December 3, 1865 : . Calvin T. Hulburd (R) : . James M. Marvin (R) : . Demas Hubbard Jr. (R) : . Addison H. Laflin (R) : .

Roscoe Conkling Roscoe Conkling (October 30, 1829April 18, 1888) was an American lawyer and Republican Party (United States), Republican politician who represented New York (state), New York in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Se ...

(R) : . Sidney T. Holmes (R) : . Thomas T. Davis (R) : . Theodore M. Pomeroy (R) : . Daniel Morris (R) : . Giles W. Hotchkiss (R) : . Hamilton Ward Sr. (R) : . Roswell Hart (R) : . Burt Van Horn (R) : . James M. Humphrey (D) : . Henry H. Van Aernam (R)

North Carolina North Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, South Carolina to the south, Georgia (U.S. stat ...

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

Ohio Ohio ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Erie to the north, Pennsylvania to the east, West Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Indiana to the ...

(17–2 Republican) : . Benjamin Eggleston (R) : . Rutherford B. Hayes (R) : . Robert C. Schenck (R) : . William Lawrence (R) : . Francis C. Le Blond (D) : . Reader W. Clarke (R) : . Samuel Shellabarger (R) : . James R. Hubbell (R) : . Ralph P. Buckland (R) : . James M. Ashley (R) : . Hezekiah S. Bundy (R) : . William E. Finck (D) : . Columbus Delano (R) : . Martin Welker (R) : . Tobias A. Plants (R) : . John Bingham (R) : . Ephraim R. Eckley (R) : . Rufus P. Spalding (R) : . James A. Garfield (R)

Oregon Oregon ( , ) is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is a part of the Western U.S., with the Columbia River delineating much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while t ...

(1 Republican) : . James H. D. Henderson (R)

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a U.S. state, state spanning the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern United States, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes region, Great Lakes regions o ...

(15–9 Republican) : . Samuel J. Randall (D) : . Charles O'Neill (R) : . Leonard Myers (R) : . William D. Kelley (R) : . M. Russell Thayer (R) : . Benjamin M. Boyer (D) : . John M. Broomall (R) : . Sydenham E. Ancona (D) : .

Thaddeus Stevens Thaddeus Stevens (April 4, 1792August 11, 1868) was an American politician and lawyer who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania, being one of the leaders of the Radical Republican faction of the Histo ...

(R) : . Myer Strouse (D) : .

Philip Johnson Philip Cortelyou Johnson (July 8, 1906 – January 25, 2005) was an American architect who designed modern and postmodern architecture. Among his best-known designs are his modernist Glass House in New Canaan, Connecticut; the postmodern 550 ...

(D), until January 29, 1867 : . Charles Denison (D) : . Ulysses Mercur (R) : . George F. Miller (R) : . Adam J. Glossbrenner (D) : . Alexander H. Coffroth (D), February 19, 1866 – July 18, 1866 :: William H. Koontz (R), from July 18, 1866 : . Abraham A. Barker (R) : . Stephen F. Wilson (R) : . Glenni W. Scofield (R) : . Charles V. Culver (R) : . John L. Dawson (D) : . James K. Moorhead (R) : . Thomas Williams (R) : . George V. Lawrence (R)

Rhode Island Rhode Island ( ) is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Connecticut to its west; Massachusetts to its north and east; and the Atlantic Ocean to its south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Is ...

(2 Republicans) : . Thomas A. Jenckes (R) : . Nathan F. Dixon Jr. (R)

South Carolina South Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders North Carolina to the north and northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, and Georgia (U.S. state), Georg ...

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

Tennessee Tennessee (, ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina t ...

(4 Unconditional Unionists; 4 Unionists) : . Nathaniel G. Taylor (U), from July 24, 1866 : . Horace Maynard (UU), from July 24, 1866 : . William B. Stokes (UU), from July 24, 1866 : . Edmund Cooper (U), from July 24, 1866 : . William B. Campbell (U), from July 24, 1866 : . Samuel M. Arnell (UU), from July 24, 1866 : . Isaac R. Hawkins (U), from July 24, 1866 : . John W. Leftwich (UU), from July 24, 1866

Texas Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the we ...

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

Vermont Vermont () is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York (state), New York to the west, and the Provinces and territories of Ca ...

(3 Republicans) : . Frederick E. Woodbridge (R) : . Justin S. Morrill (R) : . Portus Baxter (R)

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the East Coast of the United States ...

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

West Virginia West Virginia is a mountainous U.S. state, state in the Southern United States, Southern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.The United States Census Bureau, Census Bureau and the Association of American ...

(3 Unconditional Unionists) : . Chester D. Hubbard (UU) : . George R. Latham (UU) : . Kellian Whaley (UU)

Wisconsin Wisconsin ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest of the United States. It borders Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michig ...

(5–1 Republican) : . Halbert E. Paine (R) : . Ithamar C. Sloan (R) : . Amasa Cobb (R) : . Charles A. Eldredge (D) : . Philetus Sawyer (R) : . Walter D. McIndoe (R)

Non-voting members

(6–3 Republican) : . John N. Goodwin (R) : . Allen A. Bradford (R) : . Walter A. Burleigh (R) : . Edward D. Holbrook (D) : . Samuel McLean (D) : . Phineas W. Hitchcock (R), until March 1, 1867 : . J. Francisco Chaves (R) : . William H. Hooper (D) : . Arthur A. Denny (R)

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

* Replacements: 8 ** Democratic: 2-seat net loss ** Republican: 2-seat net gain ** Unionist: no net change ** Unconditional Union: no net change * Deaths: 4 * Resignations: 2 * Vacancy: 1 * Seats of newly admitted states: 2 * Seats of re-admitted states: 2 *Total seats with changes: 12 , - ,

Maryland Maryland ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It borders the states of Virginia to its south, West Virginia to its west, Pennsylvania to its north, and Delaware to its east ...

(3) , Vacant , Sen. Thomas Hicks had died during previous congress.
Successor elected March 9, 1865. , nowrap , John Creswell (UU) , March 9, 1865 , - ,

New Jersey New Jersey is a U.S. state, state located in both the Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States, Northeastern regions of the United States. Located at the geographic hub of the urban area, heavily urbanized Northeas ...

(2) , Vacant , Although elected in time for this Congress, the Senator-elect was not seated until March 15, 1865.
Senator was later removed in election dispute, see below. , nowrap , John P. Stockton (D) , March 15, 1865 , - ,

Tennessee Tennessee (, ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina t ...

(2) , rowspan=2 , Vacant , rowspan=2 , Tennessee re-admitted to the Union.
Senators were elected July 24, 1866. , nowrap , Joseph S. Fowler (U) , July 24, 1866 , - ,

(1) , nowrap , David T. Patterson (U) , July 28, 1866 , - ,

Iowa Iowa ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the upper Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west; Wisconsin to the northeast, Ill ...

(3) , nowrap , James Harlan (R) , Resigned May 15, 1865, after being appointed U.S. Secretary of the Interior.
Successor elected January 13, 1866. , nowrap , Samuel J. Kirkwood (R) , January 13, 1866 , - ,

Vermont Vermont () is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York (state), New York to the west, and the Provinces and territories of Ca ...

(3) , nowrap , Jacob Collamer (R) , Died November 9, 1865.
Successor was appointed November 21, 1865, to continue the term.
Appointee was elected October 24, 1866, to finish the term.Byrd & Wolff, page 176 , nowrap , Luke P. Poland (R) , November 21, 1865 , - ,

(2) , nowrap , John P. Stockton (D) , Disputed election led to Senate vacating the seat March 27, 1866.
Successor elected September 19, 1866. , nowrap , Alexander G. Cattell (R) , September 19, 1866 , - ,

(1) , nowrap , Solomon Foot (R) , Died March 28, 1866.
Successor was appointed April 3, 1866, to continue the term.
Appointee was elected October 24, 1866, to finish the term. , nowrap , George F. Edmunds (R) , April 3, 1866 , - ,

Kansas Kansas ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the west. Kansas is named a ...

(2) , nowrap , Jim Lane (R) , Died July 11, 1866, after being mortally wounded from a self-inflicted gunshot 10 days earlier
Successor was appointed July 19, 1866, to continue the term.
Appointee was elected January 23, 1867, to finish the term.Byrd & Wolff, page 108 , nowrap , Edmund G. Ross (R) , July 19, 1866 , - ,

New Hampshire New Hampshire ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec t ...

(3) , nowrap , Daniel Clark (R) , Resigned July 27, 1866, after being appointed Judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of New Hampshire.
Successor was appointed August 31, 1866. , nowrap , George G. Fogg (R) , August 31, 1866 , - ,

(1) , nowrap , William Wright (D) , Died November 1, 1866.
Successor was appointed November 12, 1866.
Appointee was elected January 23, 1867, to finish the term.Byrd & Wolff, page 142 , nowrap , Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R) , November 12, 1866 , - ,

(1) , rowspan=2 , New seat , rowspan=2 , Nebraska admitted to the Union March 1, 1867. , nowrap , Thomas Tipton (R) , rowspan=2 , March 1, 1867 , - ,

(2) , nowrap , John M. Thayer (R)

House of Representatives

* Replacements: 9 ** Democratic: 1-seat net gain ** Republican: 2-seat net gain ** Unconditional Unionist: 1 seat net loss ** Unionist: 0 net change * Deaths: 4 * Resignations: 4 * Contested election: 3 * Seats from newly admitted states: 1 * Seats from re-admitted states: 8 *Total seats with changes: 21 , - , , rowspan=8 , Vacant , rowspan=8 , Tennessee re-admitted into the Union , nowrap , Nathaniel G. Taylor (U) , rowspan=8 , July 24, 1866 , - , , nowrap , Horace Maynard (UU) , - , , nowrap , William B. Stokes (UU) , - , , nowrap , Edmund Cooper (U) , - , , nowrap , William B. Campbell (U) , - , , nowrap , Samuel M. Arnell (UU) , - , , nowrap , Isaac R. Hawkins (U) , - , , nowrap , John W. Leftwich (UU) , - , , nowrap , Edwin H. Webster (UU) , Resigned some time in July, 1865 after being appointed Collector of Customs for the port of

Baltimore Baltimore is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland. With a population of 585,708 at the 2020 census and estimated at 568,271 in 2024, it is the 30th-most populous U.S. city. The Baltimore metropolitan area is the 20th-large ...

, nowrap , John L. Thomas Jr. (UU) , December 4, 1865 , - , , nowrap , Orlando Kellogg (R) , Died August 24, 1865 , nowrap , Robert S. Hale (R) , December 3, 1865 , - , , nowrap , Daniel W. Gooch (R) , Resigned September 1, 1865, after being appointed Navy Agent for the port of Boston , nowrap ,

(R) , December 4, 1865 , - , , Vacant , incumbent Coffroth prevented from taking seat due to election contest , nowrap , Alexander H. Coffroth (D) , February 19, 1866 , - , , nowrap , Alexander H. Coffroth (D) , Lost contested election July 18, 1866 , nowrap , William H. Koontz (R) , July 18, 1866 , - , , nowrap , Daniel W. Voorhees (D) , Lost contested election February 23, 1866 , nowrap , Henry D. Washburn (R) , February 23, 1866 , - , , nowrap , James Brooks (D) , Lost contested election April 7, 1866 , nowrap , William E. Dodge (R) , April 7, 1866 , - , , nowrap , James Humphrey (R) , Died June 16, 1866 , nowrap , John W. Hunter (D) , December 4, 1866 , - , , nowrap , Green C. Smith (UU) , Resigned some time in July, 1866 after being appointed Governor of the

Montana Territory The Territory of Montana was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 26, 1864, until November 8, 1889, when it was admitted as the 41st state in the Union as the state of Montana. Original boundaries ...

. , nowrap , Andrew H. Ward (D) , December 3, 1866 , - , , nowrap ,

Lovell Rousseau Lovell Harrison Rousseau (August 4, 1818 – January 7, 1869) was a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War, as well as a lawyer and politician in Kentucky and Indiana. Rousseau was a member of the Whig Party early in his politi ...

(UU) , Resigned July 21, 1866, after being reprimanded for his assault of Iowa Rep. Josiah B. Grinnell. Was re-elected to fill his own seat. , nowrap ,

(UU) , December 3, 1866 , - , , nowrap , Henry Grider (D) , Died September 7, 1866 , nowrap , Elijah Hise (D) , December 3, 1866 , - , , nowrap ,

(D) , Died January 29, 1867 , Vacant , Not filled this term , - , , nowrap , Phineas Hitchcock (R) , Nebraska achieved statehood March 1, 1867 , colspan=2 , District eliminated , - , , New State , Nebraska admitted to the Union March 1, 1867. Seat remained vacant until March 2, 1867 , nowrap , Turner M. Marquette (R) , March 2, 1867

Committees

Senate

Agriculture Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created ...

(Chairman: John Sherman) * Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: George H. Williams) * Claims (Chairman: Timothy O. Howe) * Coins, Weights and Measures (Select) *

Commerce Commerce is the organized Complex system, system of activities, functions, procedures and institutions that directly or indirectly contribute to the smooth, unhindered large-scale exchange (distribution through Financial transaction, transactiona ...

(Chairman: Zachariah Chandler) * Compensation (Select) * Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select) *

District of Columbia Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and Federal district of the United States, federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from ...

(Chairman: Lot M. Morrill) * Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Aaron H. Cragin) *

Finance Finance refers to monetary resources and to the study and Academic discipline, discipline of money, currency, assets and Liability (financial accounting), liabilities. As a subject of study, is a field of Business administration, Business Admin ...

(Chairman: William P. Fessenden) *

Foreign Relations Foreign policy, also known as external policy, is the set of strategies and actions a State (polity), state employs in its interactions with other states, unions, and international entities. It encompasses a wide range of objectives, includ ...

(Chairman:

) * Indian Affairs (Chairman: John B. Henderson) * Interior Department Clerical Force (Select) *

Judiciary The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law ...

(Chairman: Lyman Trumbull) *

Manufactures Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation. It is the essence of the secondary sector of the economy. The term may refer ...

(Chairman: William Sprague IV) * Military Affairs and the Militia (Chairman: Henry Wilson) * Mines and Mining (Chairman: John Conness) * Mississippi River Levees Reconstruction (Select) * National Banks (Select) * National Telegraph Company (Select) * Naval Affairs (Chairman: James W. Grimes) * Ordnance and War Ships (Select) *

Pacific Railroad The Pacific Railroad (not to be confused with Union Pacific Railroad) was a railroad based in Missouri. It was a predecessor of both the Missouri Pacific Railroad and St. Louis-San Francisco Railway. The Pacific was chartered by Missouri in 184 ...

(Chairman: Jacob M. Howard) * Patents and the Patent Office (Chairman: Waitman T. Willey) *

Pensions A pension (; ) is a fund into which amounts are paid regularly during an individual's working career, and from which periodic payments are made to support the person's retirement from work. A pension may be either a "defined benefit plan", wher ...

(Chairman: Henry S. Lane) * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Alexander Ramsey) * Private Land Claims (Chairman: Ira Harris) * Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: B. Gratz Brown) * Public Lands (Chairman: Samuel C. Pomeroy) * Retrenchment * Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Richard Yates) * Tariff Regulation (Select) * Territories (Chairman: Benjamin F. Wade) * Whole

House of Representatives

* Accounts (Chairman: Edward H. Rollins) *

(Chairman: John Bidwell) * Appropriations (Chairman:

) * Banking and Currency (Chairman: Theodore M. Pomeroy) * Claims (Chairman: Columbus Delano) * Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: John A. Kasson) *

(Chairman: Elihu B. Washburne) *

(Chairman: Ebon C. Ingersoll) *

Elections An election is a formal group decision-making process whereby a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has operated ...

(Chairman: Henry L. Dawes) * Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: Ebenezer Dumont) * Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: George W. Julian) * Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: Jehu Baker) * Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Frederick A. Pike) * Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: James M. Marvin) * Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Henry C. Deming) * Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: John W. Longyear) *

Foreign Affairs ''Foreign Affairs'' is an American magazine of international relations and foreign policy of the United States, U.S. foreign policy published by the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonprofit organization, nonprofit, nonpartisan, membership or ...

(Chairman:

) * Freedmen's Affairs (Chairman: Thomas D. Eliot) * Indian Affairs (Chairman: William Windom) * Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Sidney Perham) *

(Chairman: James F. Wilson) *

(Chairman: James K. Moorhead) * Mileage (Chairman: George W. Anderson) * Military Affairs (Chairman: Robert C. Schenck) *

Militia A militia ( ) is a military or paramilitary force that comprises civilian members, as opposed to a professional standing army of regular, full-time military personnel. Militias may be raised in times of need to support regular troops or se ...

(Chairman: Abner C. Harding) * Mines and Mining (Chairman: William Higby) * Naval Affairs (Chairman: Alexander H. Rice) * Pacific Railroads (Chairman: Hiram Price) *

Patents A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an sufficiency of disclosure, enabling discl ...

(Chairman: Thomas A. Jenckes) * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John B. Alley) * Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: John H. Rice) * Public Expenditures (Chairman: Calvin T. Hulburd) * Public Lands (Chairman: George W. Julian) * Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Glenni W. Scofield) * Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Kellian V. Whaley) * Revolutionary Pensions (Chairman: Walter D. McIndoe) * Roads and Canals (Chairman: Fernando C. Beaman) *

Rules Rule or ruling may refer to: Human activity * The exercise of political or personal control by someone with authority or power * Business rule, a rule pertaining to the structure or behavior internal to a business * School rule, a rule tha ...

(Select) * Standards of Official Conduct * Territories (Chairman: James M. Ashley) * Ways and Means (Chairman: Justin S. Morrill) * Whole

Joint committees

* Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special) * Conduct of the War * Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Sen. James Nye) * The Library (Chairman: N/A) *

Printing Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The ...

(Chairman: N/A) * Retrenchment * To Inquire into the Condition of the States which Formed the So-Called Confederate States

Caucuses

* Democratic (House) * Democratic (Senate)

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

* Architect of the Capitol: Thomas U. Walter, resigned May 26, 1865 ** Edward Clark, appointed August 30, 1865 *

Librarian of Congress The librarian of Congress is the head of the Library of Congress, appointed by the president of the United States with the advice and consent of the United States Senate, for a term of ten years. The librarian of Congress also appoints and overs ...

: Ainsworth Rand Spofford

Senate

Chaplain A chaplain is, traditionally, a cleric (such as a minister, priest, pastor, rabbi, purohit, or imam), or a lay representative of a religious tradition, attached to a secular institution (such as a hospital, prison, military unit, intellige ...

: Thomas Bowman (

Methodist Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a Protestant Christianity, Christian Christian tradition, tradition whose origins, doctrine and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and John's brother ...

), until March 9, 1865 ** Edgar H. Gray (

Baptist Baptists are a Christian denomination, denomination within Protestant Christianity distinguished by baptizing only professing Christian believers (believer's baptism) and doing so by complete Immersion baptism, immersion. Baptist churches ge ...

), from March 9, 1865 *

Secretary A secretary, administrative assistant, executive assistant, personal secretary, or other similar titles is an individual whose work consists of supporting management, including executives, using a variety of project management, program evalu ...

: John W. Forney *

Sergeant at Arms A serjeant-at-arms or sergeant-at-arms is an officer appointed by a deliberative body, usually a legislature, to keep order during its meetings. The word "serjeant" is derived from the Latin , which means "servant". Historically, serjeants-at-a ...

: George T. Brown

House of Representatives

: William Henry Channing ( Unitarian), until December 4, 1865 ** Charles B. Boynton ( Congregationalist), from December 4, 1865 *

Clerk A clerk is a white-collar worker who conducts record keeping as well as general office tasks, or a worker who performs similar sales-related tasks in a retail environment. The responsibilities of clerical workers commonly include Records managem ...

: Edward McPherson * Doorkeeper: Ira Goodnow * Messenger to the Speaker: William D. Todd *

Postmaster A postmaster is the head of an individual post office, responsible for all postal activities in a specific post office. When a postmaster is responsible for an entire mail distribution organization (usually sponsored by a national government), ...

: Josiah Given * Reading Clerks: Edward W. Barber *

: Nehemiah G. Ordway

Notes

References

External links

Statutes at Large, 1789–1875

* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20060601025644/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/index.html Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
U.S. House of Representatives: House History

* *

Transcripts of debates and proceedings

The '' Congressional Globe'' contains the official transcripts and proceedings of the Thirty-Ninth Congress, although newspapers often provided their own transcripts that sometimes differed from the official ones. Following are external links to the pertinent volumes of the ''Globe'', which are downloadable and/or searchable via ''

Google Books Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical charac ...

'' and ''

HathiTrust HathiTrust Digital Library is a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries. Its holdings include content digitized via Google Books and the Internet Archive digitization initiatives, as well as content digit ...

'': The congressional debates pertaining to the Fourteenth Amendment can be found at �
Congressional Debates of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
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