35th US Infantry Division

The 35th Infantry Division, formerly known as the 35th Division, is an infantry formation of the United States Army National Guard headquartered at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

The 35th Division was organized 25 August 1917, at Camp Doniphan, Oklahoma, as a unit of the National Guard, with troops from Missouri and Kansas.Clark, pp. 9-22. It was inactivated in 1919, but the division headquarters was reconstituted in 1935 and it served with a brief interruption until it was inactivated again in 1963. The division was reactivated and the headquarters and headquarters company federally recognized on 25 August 1984, at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

World War I

Actions during World War I

The 35th Division was originally constituted by the Militia Bureau in early 1917 as the 14th Division, made up of troops from Kansas and Missouri. On 18 July 1917, the War Department directed the organization of the unit, now redesignated the 35th Division, and on 5 August, the National Guard was drafted into federal service. Concentration of divisional troops at Camp Doniphan, near Fort Sill, Oklahoma, began in late August, and training began on 8 September. During October, about 3,000 draftees from Camp Funston, Kansas, most of whom were from Kansas and Missouri, joined the division, and in spring 1918, more men came from Camp Funston, Camp Travis, Texas, and Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. On 2 April 1917, the division moved from Camp Mills, New York, and Camp Merritt, New Jersey, to the Brooklyn, Hoboken, New York, and Philadelphia Ports of Embarkation, where it received approximately 2,000 replacements to bring it to full strength. Elements of the division sailed for England and France from 16 April to 8 June 1918, with the elements that landed in England (Southampton and Liverpool) moving shortly to Le Havre, France.

The 35th served first, a brigade at a time, in the Vosges mountains between 30 June and 13 August. The whole division served in the Gérardmer sector, Alsace, 14 August to 1 September. Having trained in trench warfare tactics in the United States and experiencing a number of command changes at multiple echelons and arms of service on short notice, the division was committed during the opening stages of the Meuse-Argonne offensive, 21 to 30 September. American historian Robert Hugh Ferrell, in his 2004 book ''Collapse at Meuse-Argonne: The Failure of the Missouri-Kansas Division'', concluded that the division was unprepared for the conventional and combined arms tactics of the Hundred Days Offensive that often eschewed trench-to-trench combat in favor of strongpoints and open battlefields. Despite making good progress on its first day, 26 September, the division's operations became more and more disorganized over the following days as communications and command difficulties combined with exhaustion and increasingly heavy casualties. For fear of complete collapse, the division was withdrawn from the front on 1 October and replaced with the 1st Division. The division next served in the Sommedieue sector, 15 October to 6 November. During its combat service, the 35th Division spent ninety-two days in quiet sectors and five in active, advanced twelve and one-half kilometers against resistance, captured 781 prisoners, and lost 1,067 men killed and 6,216 wounded. The 35th Division had, as an officer, Captain Harry S. Truman, future 33rd President of the United States, who commanded Battery D of the 129th Field Artillery Regiment.''The Army Almanac'', pp. 536-538.

World War I order of battle

Units of the 35th Division during World War I included:
* Headquarters, 35th Division
* 69th Infantry Brigade
** 137th Infantry Regiment (1st Kansas Infantry less band, and 2nd Kansas Infantry)
** 138th Infantry Regiment (1st Missouri Infantry, and 5th Missouri Infantry less band)
** 129th Machine Gun Battalion (2nd Battalion, 2nd Missouri Infantry)
* 70th Infantry Brigade
** 139th Infantry Regiment (3rd Kansas Infantry, and 4th Missouri Infantry less band)
** 140th Infantry Regiment (3rd Missouri Infantry, and 6th Missouri Infantry less band)
** 130th Machine Gun Battalion (3rd Battalion, 2nd Missouri Infantry)
* 60th Field Artillery Brigade
** 128th Field Artillery Regiment (75 mm) (1st Missouri Field Artillery)
** 129th Field Artillery Regiment (75 mm) (2nd Missouri Field Artillery and Troop B, Missouri Cavalry)
** 130th Field Artillery Regiment (155 mm) (1st Kansas Field Artillery)
** 110th Trench Mortar Battery (Supply Company and Headquarters Company (less band), 2nd Missouri Infantry)
* 128th Machine Gun Battalion (Machine Gun Company and 1st Battalion, 2nd Missouri Infantry)
* 110th Engineer Regiment (1st Separate Battalion Kansas Engineers, 1st Separate Battalion Missouri Engineers, and band, 1st Kansas Infantry)
* 110th Field Signal Battalion (1st Battalion, Kansas Signal Corps)
* Headquarters Troop, 35th Division (Troop A, 1st Squadron Kansas Cavalry)
* 110th Train Headquarters and Military Police (Troops B, C, and D, 1st Squadron Kansas Cavalry)
** 110th Ammunition Train ( National Army men)
** 110th Supply Train (Supply Train, Missouri National Guard)
** 110th Engineer Train (Engineer Train, Kansas National Guard)
** 110th Sanitary Train
***137th-140th Ambulance Companies and Field Hospitals (1st and 2nd Kansas Field Hospitals, 1st and 2nd Missouri Field Hospitals, 1st and 2nd Kansas Ambulance Companies, and 1st and 2nd Missouri Ambulance Companies)

Commanders

* Major General William M. Wright (25 August 1917-14 June 1918)
** Brigadier General Lucien G. Berry (ad interim) (18 September-9 December 1917)
** Brigadier General Lucien G. Berry (ad interim) (24-25 December 1917)
** Brigadier General Charles I. Martin (ad interim) (26 December 1917-3 January 1918)
* Brigadier General Nathaniel F. McClure (15 June-19 July 1918)
* Major General Peter E. Traub (20 July-26 December 1918)
** Brigadier General Thomas B. Dugan (ad interim) (1 November, 25 November-6 December 1918)
* Brigadier General Thomas B. Dugan (27 December 1918-25 March 1919)
** Brigadier General Lucien G. Berry (ad interim) (31 January-6 February 1919)
* Major General William M. Wright (26 March-14 May 1919)

Interwar period

Pursuant to the 1920 amendments to the National Defense Act of 1916, the 35th Division was reconstituted in the National Guard in 1921, allotted to the states of Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska of the Seventh Corps Area, and assigned to the VII Corps. In the postwar reorganization of the Army's infantry divisions, they only had two regiments of horse-drawn 75 mm guns, with truck-drawn 155 mm howitzers initially assigned as corps and army artillery because of the belief that they were too tactically immobile. As early as 1922, the Nebraska National Guard found it impossible to organize the VII Corps' 127th Field Artillery Regiment because of a lack of funding and armory space. When suitable modifications were made to the 155 mm howitzer as part of the Army's motorization of field artillery in the early 1930s to allow for high-speed truck traction, 155 mm howitzer regiments were returned to divisions; the 142nd Field Artillery Regiment, a partially-organized General Headquarters Reserve (GHQR) 75 mm gun unit from Arkansas, was converted to 155 mm howitzers and assigned to the 35th Division on 13 July 1931 in lieu of the 127th Field Artillery.

In the 1920s and 1930s, constituent units of the division performed routine training within their respective states as well as various activities policing labor troubles and effecting disaster relief. Arkansas units trained at Camp Pike (later renamed Camp Joseph T. Robinson), Arkansas, Fort Riley, Kansas, near Junction City, or at Fort Sill; Kansas units trained at Fort Riley; Missouri units at Camp Clark, near Nevada, Missouri; Nebraska units at Camp Ashland, near Ashland, Nebraska. Because of continued disputes between the states allotted for the division, the 35th Division commander and his staff were not organized and federally recognized until 1932-1933. Beginning in the summer of 1933, the division staff assembled at Fort Riley for consolidated staff training and did so for the next two years. In the fall of 1935, the staff participated in the Fourth Army command post exercise at Fort Lewis, Washington, and went to camp at Ashland, Nebraska, the following summer. Due to limited funding, all the units of the 35th Division did not gather together in one place for training until the Seventh Corps Area concentration of the Fourth Army maneuvers at Fort Riley, in 1937. In 1938, 180 Organized Reserve officers of the 89th and 102nd Divisions were also provided with training by the division. The division also concentrated at Camp Ripley, Minnesota, during the Fourth Army maneuvers in 1940.

Peacetime activities

Special Troops, 35th Division

* 35th Signal Company for communications duty in conjunction with a coal miners' strike in Columbus, Kansas, 17 June-6 August 1935

35th Division Quartermaster Train

Source:
* Elements for flood relief duty along the Republican River in south-central Nebraska, 1–4 June 1935
* Entire train for martial law in conjunction with a streetcar workers' strike in Omaha, Nebraska, 15–21 June 1935

69th Infantry Brigade

* Brigade headquarters for command and control in conjunction with a streetcar workers' strike in Omaha, 15–21 June 1935

70th Infantry Brigade

Source:
* Headquarters company for riot control duty during a railroad workers' strike in Poplar Bluff, Missouri, July 1922
* Headquarters and headquarters company for riot control duty during a riot at the Missouri State Penitentiary in Jefferson City, 25–27 March 1930

110th Medical Regiment

* Elements for riot control duty during a workers' strike at a Nebraska City meat packing plant, January–February 1922
* Elements for martial law in conjunction with a streetcar workers' strike in Omaha, 15–21 June 1935
* Elements for flood relief duty along the Republican River in south-central Nebraska, 1–4 June 1935

130th Field Artillery Regiment

Source:
* 1st Battalion for riot control duty during a coal miners' strike in Pittsburg, 14 December 1921 – 26 February 1922
* Several batteries for tornado relief duty in Hutchinson, 13–15 January 1923, and Horton, 18–19 June 1923
* 1st Battalion for flood relief duty in Hutchinson, July 1929

134th Infantry Regiment

Source:
* Five companies for riot control duty during a workers' strike at a Nebraska City meat packing plant, January–February 1922
* Portion of one company for tornado relief duty at Hastings, Nebraska, 9–12 May 1930
* Two companies for riot control duty during a water rights dispute along the north fork of the Platte River in Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska, 28 August-3 September 1935
* Entire regiment, less band, for martial law in conjunction with a streetcar workers' strike in Omaha, 15–21 June 1935

137th Infantry Regiment

Source:Clay, Vol. 1, p. 424
* 1st and 3rd Battalions for riot control duty during a coal miners' strike in Pittsburg, Kansas, 14 December 1921 – 26 February 1922
* Tornado relief duty in Augusta, Kansas, 13–16 July 1924
* 2nd Battalion for road patrols and bridge blocks during a prison breakout in Lansing, Kansas, 19–20 January 1934
* Regimental headquarters and 3rd Battalion for riot control duty during a copper miners' disturbance in Baxter Springs, Kansas, 8–27 June 1934, and during a coal miners' strike in Columbus, Kansas, 17 June-6 August 1935

138th Infantry Regiment

Source:
*1st Battalion for riot control duty during a railroad workers' strike in Poplar Bluff, July 1922
*Tornado relief duty in St. Louis, Missouri, 29 September-6 October 1927

140th Infantry Regiment

Source:
* Riot control duty at railroad workers' strikes in Moberly, Macon, and Poplar Bluff, Missouri, 13 July-23 November 1922, and during a workers' strike in New Madrid, Missouri, May 1923
* Flood relief duty along the Mississippi River at Charleston, Sikeston, and Poplar Bluff, Missouri, 16 April-12 May 1927 and January 1937, and along the St. Francis River, June 1928, and every spring from 1932 to 1933 and 1935–1938

142nd Field Artillery Regiment

* Entire regiment for flood relief duty in Forrest City, Camp Barton, and Jonesboro, Arkansas, January–February 1937

161st Field Artillery Regiment

Source:
* Three batteries for road patrols and bridge blocks during a prison breakout in Lansing, 19–20 January 1934
* 2nd Battalion for riot control duty during a coal miners' strike in Columbus, Kansas, 17–25 June 1935
* 1st Battalion for riot control duty during a coal miners' strike in Columbus, Kansas, 28 June-6 August 1935

Commanders

* Major General Charles I. Martin (Kansas) - 7 June 1932–January 1935
* Brigadier General Amos Thomas (Nebraska) (interim) - January 1935–13 September 1935
* Major General Herbert J. Paul (Nebraska) - 13 September 1935–6 November 1937
* Major General Edward M. Stayton (Missouri) - 7 November 1937–2 September 1938
* Major General Ralph E. Truman (Missouri) - 28 October 1938–17 October 1941
* Major General William H. Simpson (Regular Army) - 17 October 1941–May 1942

Order of battle, 1924

Source:Clay, Vol. 1, p. 231

Italics indicates that the given unit was unorganized or inactive

*''Headquarters, 35th Division''
**''Division Headquarters Detachment''
*''Headquarters, Special Troops'' (Missouri National Guard)
**''Headquarters Detachment, Special Troops'' (Missouri National Guard)
**''Medical Department Detachment, Special Troops'' (Missouri National Guard)
**Headquarters Company (Warrensburg, Missouri)
**''35th Military Police Company'' (Kansas National Guard)
**35th Signal Company (Kansas City, Kansas)
**''110th Ordnance Company (Medium)'' (Kansas National Guard)
**35th Tank Company (Light) (St. Joseph, Missouri)
**''Motorcycle Company No. 110'' (Kansas National Guard)
*69th Infantry Brigade (Topeka, Kansas)
**134th Infantry Regiment (Omaha, Nebraska)
**137th Infantry Regiment (Horton, Kansas)
*70th Infantry Brigade (Jefferson City, Missouri)
**138th Infantry Regiment (St. Louis, Missouri)
**140th Infantry Regiment (Caruthersville, Missouri)
*60th Field Artillery Brigade (Topeka, Kansas)
**130th Field Artillery Regiment (Topeka, Kansas)
**161st Field Artillery Regiment (Topeka, Kansas)
**''110th Ammunition Train'' (Kansas National Guard)
*110th Engineer Regiment (Kansas City, Missouri)
*110th Medical Regiment (Lincoln, Nebraska)
*35th Division Train, Quartermaster Corps (Lincoln, Nebraska)
*35th Division Air Service (St. Louis, Missouri)

Order of battle, 1939

Source:

*Headquarters, 35th Division (Kansas City, Missouri)
**Division commander (Kansas City, Missouri)
**Division Headquarters Detachment (Warrensburg, Missouri)
*Headquarters, Special Troops (St. Joseph, Missouri)
**Headquarters Detachment, Special Troops (St. Joseph, Missouri)
**Medical Department Detachment (St. Joseph, Missouri)
**Headquarters Company, 35th Division (Warrensburg, Missouri)
**35th Military Police Company (Garden City, Kansas)
**35th Signal Company (Kansas City, Kansas)
**35th Tank Company (St. Joseph, Missouri)
**''110th Ordnance Company'' (Kansas National Guard)
*Headquarters, 69th Infantry Brigade (Omaha, Nebraska)
**Headquarters Company, 69th Infantry Brigade (Topeka, Kansas)
**134th Infantry Regiment (Omaha, Nebraska)
**137th Infantry Regiment (Horton, Kansas)
*Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 70th Infantry Brigade (Jefferson City, Missouri)
**138th Infantry Regiment (St. Louis, Missouri)
**140th Infantry Regiment (Caruthersville, Missouri)
*Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 60th Field Artillery Brigade (Topeka, Kansas)
**130th Field Artillery Regiment (75 mm) (Topeka, Kansas)
**142nd Field Artillery Regiment (155 mm) (El Dorado, Arkansas)
**161st Field Artillery Regiment (75 mm) (Topeka, Kansas)
**''110th Ammunition Train'' (Kansas National Guard)
*110th Engineer Regiment (Kansas City, Missouri)
*110th Medical Regiment (Lincoln, Nebraska)
*110th Quartermaster Regiment (Lincoln, Nebraska)
*35th Division Aviation ( 110th Observation Squadron) (attached) (St. Louis, Missouri)

With the conversion of National Guard cavalry divisions to other types of units in 1940, Kansas' 114th Cavalry Regiment was converted and redesignated as the 127th Field Artillery Regiment and assigned to the 35th Division, and the 142nd Field Artillery Regiment was relieved from the division on 1 October 1940.

World War II

Federalization

The 35th Division was ordered into federal service on 23 December 1940 at home stations. The division's units were ordered to report to Camp Joseph T. Robinson, Arkansas, and had arrived by the end of January, 1941. The incomplete ranks of the 35th were swelled by thousands of draftees, a large portion of whom were from Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska, through a War Department arrangement to fill the balance of National Guard units ordered into federal service with men from their home states or corps areas insofar as was possible. After completing the War Department-mandated divisional training program, the 35th Division maneuvered against other units in Arkansas and Louisiana in the fall of 1941. In August 1941, the division was redesignated the 35th Infantry Division. After the Pearl Harbor attack came its first assignment, the defense of the Southern California Sector of the Western Defense Command.

Reorganization

On 3 February 1942, the War Department ordered that the 35th Division be "triangularized" at the earliest practicable date. The 138th Infantry Regiment departed, assigned to Army Ground Forces, GHQ. The division's infantry and field artillery brigade headquarters were eliminated, and the engineer, field artillery, medical, and quartermaster regiments were reorganized as battalions. The reorganization was completed on 1 March 1942. On 27 January 1943, the 140th Infantry Regiment was relieved from the division, and was replaced by the 320th Infantry Regiment.

Further training

The division departed California for Fort Rucker, Camp Rucker, Alabama, arriving on 1 April 1943. After participating in the Second United States Army, Second Army Tennessee Maneuvers from 22 November 1943 to 17 January 1944 and receiving mountain warfare training at the West Virginia Maneuver Area from 21 February to 28 March 1944, the 35th Infantry Division was declared ready for overseas service. Further movement to Camp Butner, North Carolina, and Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, saw the division through to England, where it arrived on 25 May 1944.

Commanders

* Major General Ralph E. Truman (October 1938 – October 1941)
* Major General William H. Simpson (October 1941 – April 1942)
* Major General Maxwell Murray (May 1942 – January 1943)
* Major General Paul W. Baade (January 1943 to inactivation)

Actions during World War II

The 35th Infantry Division arrived in England on 25 May 1944 and received further training. It landed on Omaha Beach, Normandy 5–7 July 1944 and entered combat on 11 July, fighting in the Normandy hedgerows north of Saint-Lô, St. Lo. The division turned away twelve German Army (Wehrmacht), German counterattacks at Emelie before entering St. Lo on 18 July. After mopping up in the St. Lo area, it took part in the offensive action southwest of St. Lo, pushing the Germans across the Vire River on 2 August, and breaking out of the Cotentin Peninsula. While en route to an assembly area, the division was "flagged off the road," to secure the Mortain-Avranches corridor and to rescue the 30th Infantry Division (United States), 30th Division's "Lost Battalion" August 7–13, 1944.

Then racing across France through Orléans, Orleans and Sens, the division attacked across the Moselle on 13 September, captured Nancy, France, Nancy on 15 September, secured Chambrey on 1 October, and drove on to the German border, taking Sarreguemines and crossing the Saar (river), Saar on 8 December. After crossing the Blies, Blies River on 12 December, the division moved to Metz for rest and rehabilitation on 19 December. The 35th moved to Arlon, Belgium December 25–26, and took part in the fighting to relieve Bastogne, throwing off the attacks of four German divisions, taking Bastogne, Villers-laBonne-Eau on 10 January, after a 13-day fight and Bastogne, Lutrebois in a 5-day engagement. On 18 January 1945, the division returned to Metz to resume its interrupted rest.

In late January, the division was defending the National forest (France), Foret de Domaniale area. Moving to the Netherlands to hold a defensive line along the Roer on 22 February, the division attacked across the Roer on 23 February, pierced the Siegfried Line, reached the Rhine at Wesel on 10 March, and crossed 25–26 March. It smashed across the Rhine–Herne Canal, Herne Canal and reached the Ruhr (river), Ruhr River early in April, when it was ordered to move to the Elbe April 12. Making the 295-mile dash in two days, the 35th mopped up in the vicinity of Colbitz and Angern, until 26 April 1945 when it moved to Hanover for occupational and mopping-up duty, continuing occupation beyond Victory in Europe Day, VE-day. The division left Southampton, England, on 5 September, and arrived in New York City on 10 September 1945.

Assignments in the ETO

*5 May 1944: XV Corps, Third Army.
*8 July 1944: Third Army, but attached to the XIX Corps (United States), XIX Corps of First United States Army, First Army.
*27 July 1944: V Corps.
*1 August 1944: Third Army, Twelfth United States Army Group, but attached to the V Corps of First Army.
*5 August 1944: Third Army, 12th Army Group.
*6 August 1944: XX Corps.
*9 August 1944: Third Army, 12th Army Group, but attached to the VII Corps of First Army.
*13 August 1944: XII Corps, Third Army, 12th Army Group.
*23 December 1944: Third Army, 12th Army Group.
*24 December 1944: XX Corps.
*26 December 1944: III Corps.
*18 January 1945: XX Corps.
*23 January 1945: XV Corps, Sixth United States Army Group.
*30 January 1945: XVI Corps, Ninth Army, attached to the British 21st Army Group, 12th Army Group.
*4 April 1945: XVI Corps, Ninth Army, 12th Army Group.
*13 April 1945: XIX Corps for operations, and the XIII Corps for administration.
*16 April 1945: XIII Corps.

World War II order of battle

Units of the 35th Infantry Division from March 1942 included:
* Headquarters, 35th Infantry Division
* 134th Cavalry Regiment (United States), 134th Infantry Regiment
* 137th Infantry Regiment
* 320th Infantry Regiment
* Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 35th Infantry Division Artillery
** 127th Field Artillery Battalion (155 mm)
** 1st Battalion, 161st Field Artillery Regiment (United States), 161st Field Artillery Battalion (105 mm)
** 216th Field Artillery Battalion (105 mm)
** 219th Field Artillery Battalion (105 mm)
* 60th Engineer Combat Battalion
* 110th Medical Battalion
* 35th Cavalry Reconnaissance Troop (Mechanized)
* Headquarters, Special Troops, 35th Infantry Division
** Headquarters Company, 35th Infantry Division
** 735th Ordnance Light Maintenance Company
** 35th Quartermaster Company
** 35th Signal Company
** Military Police Platoon
** Band
* 35th Counterintelligence Corps Detachment

Statistics

*Campaigns: Operation Overlord, Normandy, Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine, Northern France, Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine, Rhineland, Battle of the Bulge, Ardennes-Alsace, Western Allied invasion of Germany, Central Europe
*Days of combat: 264

Awards

*Unit Awards:
**Presidential Unit Citation (United States), Distinguished Unit Citations: 7
***134th Infantry Regiment, for extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations against the enemy during the period 28 December 1944 through 16 January 1945 (War Department General Orders No. 62, 1947)
***1st Battalion, 134th Infantry Regiment, for extraordinary heroism and outstanding performance of duty against the enemy in the vicinity of Saint-Lô, Normandy, France, from 15 to 19 July 1944 (War Department General Orders No. 66, 1945)
***Company C, 134th Infantry Regiment, for extraordinary heroism and outstanding performance of duty against the enemy in the vicinity of Habkirchen, Germany, from 12 to 21 December 1944 (War Department General Orders No. 68, 1945)
***2nd (machine gun) Platoon, Company D, 134th Infantry Regiment, for extraordinary heroism in action against the enemy in the vicinity of Habkirchen, Germany, from 12 to 21 December 1944 (War Department General Orders No. 66, 1945)
***Company F, 137th Infantry Regiment, for outstanding performance of duty in action against the enemy at Sarreguemines, France, on 10 December 1944 (War Department General Orders No. 11, 1946)
***3rd Battalion, 137th Infantry Regiment, for outstanding performance of duty in action against the enemy in France, 18–21 November 1944 (War Department General Orders No. 20, 1946)
***1st Battalion, 320th Infantry Regiment, for extraordinary heroism and outstanding performance of duty in action against the enemy in the vicinity of Mortain, France, from 10 to 13 August 1944 (War Department General Orders No. 55, 1945)
** Meritorious Unit Commendation, Meritorious Service Unit Plaques: 22
*Individual Awards:
** Medal of Honor: 1 (Staff Sergeant Junior J. Spurrier)
** Distinguished Service Cross (United States), Distinguished Service Cross: 44
** Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army), Distinguished Service Medal: 1
** Silver Star Medal: 688
** Legion of Merit: 10
** Distinguished Flying Cross (United States), Distinguished Flying Cross: 1
** Soldier's Medal: 22
** Bronze Star Medal: 3,435
** Air Medal: 133

Casualties

*Total battle casualties: 15,822Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths (Statistical and Accounting Branch, Office of the Adjutant General, 1 June 1953)
*Killed in action: 2,485
*Wounded in action: 11,526
*Missing in action: 340
*Prisoner of war: 1,471

Cold War to present

On 7 December 1945, the division was inactivated at Morganfield, Kentucky#Camp Breckinridge, Camp Breckinridge, Kentucky. During the next year and into 1947, the division was reestablished as a Kansas and Missouri National Guard division. In 1954 the division consisted of the 137th (Kansas), 138th Infantry Regiment (United States), 138th (Missouri), and 140th Infantry Regiments (Missouri); 127th, 128th, 129th, and 154th Field Artillery Battalions; the 135th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion; the 135th Tank Battalion; and signals, engineer, reconnaissance, military police, other combat support units, plus combat service support units. After the Pentomic reorganization, the division's five battle groups were the 1-137 Infantry; 2-137 Infantry; 1-138 Infantry; 2-138 Infantry; and 1-140 Infantry. In 1963, the division was inactivated along with the 34th Infantry Division (United States), 34th, 43rd Infantry Division (United States), 43rd, and 51st Infantry Division (United States), 51st Infantry Divisions.

In early 1983, the Army began the process of reestablishing the division as a mechanized infantry formation to be made up of Colorado, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, and Nebraska National Guard units. The division headquarters was established 30 September 1983, at Fort Leavenworth. The division was formally reactivated as the 35th Infantry Division (Mechanized) on 25 August 1984 around a nucleus of the 67th Infantry Brigade (United States), 67th Infantry Brigade (Mechanized) from Nebraska, the 69th Infantry Brigade (Mechanized) from Kansas, and the 149th Armored Brigade (United States), 149th Armored Brigade from Kentucky. It continues in service today.

In 1984–85, the 69th Infantry Brigade was reported to consist of the following units:

*1st Battalion, 137th Infantry
*2nd Battalion, 137th Infantry
*1st Battalion, 635th Armor
*1st Battalion, 127th Field Artillery
*Troop E, 114th Cavalry
*169th Engineer Company.

Isby and Kamps also wrote at the same time that the 110th Engineer Battalion, in Missouri, might be assigned as the divisional engineers (p383); however, this did not occur. Actually, the divisional engineer battalion, the 206th Engineer Battalion, was organized in the Kentucky Army National Guard on 1 November 1985.

The division aviation brigade headquarters was organized in the Kentucky Army National Guard on 15 September 1986. On 1 October 1987 the division's aviation units were reorganized, and the 135th Aviation Regiment (United States), 135th Aviation was established. Two battalions of the 135th joined the division's aviation component.

Order of battle 1990

Order of battle - 1 October, 1990
* 35th Infantry Division (Mechanized)
** 67th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade, 67th Infantry Brigade (Mechanized) (Nebraska Army National Guard)
*** 1st Battalion, 134th Cavalry Regiment (United States), 134th Infantry Regiment (Mechanized) (M113)
*** 2nd Battalion, 134th Cavalry Regiment (United States), 134th Infantry Regiment (Mechanized) (M113)
*** 1st Battalion, 195th Armor Regiment (M60A1)
** 69th Infantry Brigade(Mechanized) (Kansas Army National Guard)
*** 1st Battalion, 137th Infantry Regiment (Mechanized) (M113 armored personnel carrier, M113) (Kansas Army National Guard)
*** 2nd Battalion, 137th Infantry Regiment (Mechanized) (M113 armored personnel carrier, M113) (Kansas Army National Guard)
*** 1st Battalion, 635th Armor (M60A1)
*** 2nd Battalion, 635th Armor (M60A1)
** 149th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade, 149th Armored Brigade (Kentucky Army National Guard)
*** 1st Battalion, 123rd Armor (M60A3)
*** 2nd Battalion, 123rd Armor (M60A3)
***1st Battalion, 149th Infantry (Mechanized) (M113)
** 35th Infantry Division Artillery (Kansas Army National Guard)
*** 1st Battalion, 127th Field Artillery Regiment (Kansas Army National Guard) (155SP)
*** 1st Battalion, 168th Field Artillery Regiment (Nebraska Army National Guard) (155SP)
*** 1st Battalion, 161st Field Artillery Regiment (United States), 161st Field Artillery Regiment (Kansas Army National Guard) (8in SP)
*** Battery E, 161st Field Artillery Regiment (United States), 161st Field Artillery Regiment (Kansas Army National Guard) (Target Acquisition)
*** 2nd Battalion, 138th Field Artillery Regiment (Kentucky Army National Guard) (155SP)
** 63rd Aviation Brigade (United States), 35th Combat Aviation Brigade (Kentucky Army National Guard)
*** 1st Squadron, 134th Cavalry Regiment (United States), 167th Cavalry Regiment (M60A1/M113) (Nebraska Army National Guard)
*** 1st Battalion, 135th Aviation Regiment (United States), 135th Aviation Regiment (Attack) (Missouri Army National Guard) (AH-1)
*** 2nd Battalion, 135th Aviation Regiment (United States), 135th Aviation Regiment (Attack) (Colorado Army National Guard) (AH-1)
*** Company D, 135th Aviation Regiment (United States), 135th Aviation Regiment (Command/GS) (Kansas Army National Guard) (UH-1)
*** Company E, 135th Aviation Regiment (United States), 135th Aviation Regiment (Assault) (Kentucky Army National Guard) (UH-60)
** 35th Infantry Division Support Command (Missouri Army National Guard)
*** 735th Support Battalion (Main) (Missouri Army National Guard)
*** 67th Support Battalion (Fwd) (1x2)(Nebraska Army National Guard)
*** 103rd Support Battalion (Fwd) (2x1)(Kentucky Army National Guard)
*** 169th Support Battalion (Fwd) (2x2)(Kansas Army National Guard)
*** Company F, 135th Aviation Regiment (United States), 135th Aviation Regiment (Maint) (Kentucky Army National Guard)
** 35th Infantry Division Troops
*** 135th Signal Battalion (Missouri Army National Guard)
*** 206th Engineer Battalion (Ribbon) (Kentucky Army National Guard)
*** 135th MI Battalion (CEWI) (United States Army Reserve) (Kansas)
*** 35th MP Company(Kansas Army National Guard)
*** 35th ID Band (Kansas Army National Guard)
*** 141st Chemical Company (Kentucky Army National Guard)

Order of battle 1996

Order of battle - 1 September 1996
* 35th Infantry Division
** 33rd Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States), 66th Infantry Brigade (Light) (Illinois Army National Guard)
*** 1st Battalion, 123rd Infantry Regiment (Light)
*** 2nd Battalion, 130th Infantry Regiment (United States), 130th Infantry Regiment (Light)
*** 1st Battalion, 131st Infantry Regiment (United States) (Light)
** 67th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade, 67th Infantry Brigade (Mechanized) (Nebraska Army National Guard)
*** 1st Battalion, 134th Cavalry Regiment (United States), 134th Infantry Regiment (Mechanized) (M113A3)
*** 1st Battalion, 195th Armor Regiment (M1)
*** 2nd Battalion, 137th Infantry Regiment (Mechanized) (M113 armored personnel carrier, M113A3) (Kansas Army National Guard)
** 149th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade, 149th Armored Brigade (Kentucky Army National Guard)
*** 1st Battalion, 123rd Armor (M1 Abrams, M1)
*** 2nd Battalion, 123rd Armor (M1)
***1st Battalion, 149th Infantry (Mechanized) (M113A3)
** 35th Infantry Division Artillery (Kansas Army National Guard)
*** 2nd Battalion, 122nd Field Artillery Regiment (United States), 122nd Field Artillery Regiment (Illinois Army National Guard)
*** 1st Battalion, 161st Field Artillery Regiment (United States), 161st Field Artillery Regiment (Kansas Army National Guard)
*** 2nd Battalion, 138th Field Artillery Regiment (Kentucky Army National Guard)
*** Battery F, 161st Field Artillery Regiment (Kansas Army National Guard)
*** Battery E, 161st Field Artillery Regiment (Kansas Army National Guard)
** 35th Combat Aviation Brigade (United States), 35th Combat Aviation Brigade (Missouri Army National Guard)
*** 1st Squadron, 167th Cavalry Regiment (Bell AH-1 Cobra, AH-1/M113) (Nebraska Army National Guard)
*** 1st Battalion, 135th Aviation Regiment (United States), 135th Aviation Regiment (Attack) (AH-1) (Missouri Army National Guard)
*** 1st Battalion, 114th Aviation Regiment (United States), 114th Aviation Regiment (Assault) (UH-1)(Arkansas Army National Guard)
** 35th Infantry Division Support Command
*** 634th Forward Support Battalion (Illinois Army National Guard)
*** 67th Forward Support Battalion (Nebraska Army National Guard)
*** 103rd Forward Support Battalion (Kentucky Army National Guard)
*** 735th Main Support Battalion (Missouri Army National Guard)
*** Company F, 135th Aviation Regiment (Kentucky Army National Guard
** 35th Infantry Division Troops
*** Company D, 134th Infantry Regiment (LRS) (Nebraska National Guard)
*** 2-202nd Air Defense Artillery Battalion (Illinois Army National Guard)
*** 635th Military Intelligence Battalion (Missouri Army National Guard)
*** 35th Military Police Company (Kansas Army National Guard)
*** 135th Signal Battalion (Missouri Army National Guard)
*** 35th DROC (Missouri Army National Guard)
*** 35th Infantry Division Band (Kansas Army National Guard)
** 135th Engineer Brigade (Missouri Army National Guard)
*** 206th Engineer Battalion (Missouri Army National Guard)
*** 135th Engineer Company (Illinois Army National Guard)

Bosnia

The 35th Infantry Division Headquarters commanded Implementation Force, Task Force Eagle's Multi-National Division North in Bosnia and Herzegovina as part of SFOR-13 (Stabilization Force 13) with the NATO peacekeeping mandate under the Dayton Peace Accords. The headquarters were located at Eagle Base in the town of Tuzla. Brigadier General James Mason was the commander. He later went on to command the division. The division headquarters received the Army Superior Unit Award for its service in Bosnia. Division liaison officers served in the towns of Mostar, Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Zenica and Doboj. Several officers went on to other roles, including: Timothy J. Kadavy who served as Commander of 1st Squadron, 167th Cavalry, 35th Infantry Division in Bosnia. Lieutenant General Kadavy later became the Vice Chief of the National Guard Bureau. Victor J. Braden served as the Commander, 1st Battalion, 108th Aviation, 35th Infantry Division in Tuzla, Bosnia. Major General Braden was a past Commander of the 35th Infantry Division

Elliott Levenson was the Liaison Officer to the Italian Command at Multinational Brigade, South-East in Mostar, Bosnia. He earned the Bronze Star in Iraq with the 4th Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division (United States), 1st Cavalry Division in 2008

Hurricane Katrina

The division provided headquarters control for National Guard of the United States, National Guard units deployed to Louisiana in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. while the 38th Infantry Division did the same for Mississippi.

Kosovo

A detachment of the 35th Infantry Division was the headquarters element for Task Force Falcon of Multi-National Task Force East (MNTF-E) for the NATO Kosovo Force 9 (KFOR 9) mission. The 35th provided command and control from 7 November 2007 until 7 July 2008, when they were succeeded by the 110th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade, Missouri Army National Guard.

Global War on Terror

The 35th Infantry Division has deployed as a division headquarters to the United States Central Command area during Operation Spartan Shield and Operation Inherent Resolve, where they took over main command as "Task Force Spartan." The division headquarters first deployed in July of 2017, and relinquished command to the 28th Infantry Division in March 2018. The second time the division deployed as a main headquarters was from March to November 2022, where they again relinquished command to the 28th Infantry Division.

Organization

As of 2023, the 35th Infantry Division consists of a special troops battalion, three infantry brigade combat teams, a division artillery, a combat aviation brigade, a maneuver enhancement brigade, and division sustainment brigade. The 35th Infantry Division is in the process of adding several new units and undergoing reorganization as a "light division" as the U.S. Army shifts from the brigade combat team to the division as the major unit of action as part of its force structure modification plan for the early 21st century.

* 35th Infantry Division
** Special Troops Battalion
** 39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States), 39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Arkansas Army National Guard)
*** Headquarters and Headquarters Company
*** 1st Squadron, 134th Cavalry Regiment (United States), 134th Cavalry Regiment (Nebraska Army National Guard)
*** 1st Battalion, 138th Infantry Regiment (Missouri Army National Guard)
*** 1st Battalion, 153rd Infantry Regiment (United States), 153rd Infantry Regiment
*** 2nd Battalion, 153rd Infantry Regiment
*** 239th Brigade Engineer Battalion
*** 39th Brigade Support Battalion
** 45th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States), 45th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Oklahoma Army National Guard)
*** Headquarters and Headquarters Company
*** 1st Squadron, 180th Cavalry Regiment
*** 2nd Battalion, 134th Infantry Regiment (Airborne) (Nebraska Army National Guard)
*** 1st Battalion, 179th Infantry Regiment (United States), 179th Infantry Regiment
*** 1st Battalion, 279th Infantry Regiment (United States), 279th Infantry Regiment
*** 545th Brigade Engineer Battalion
*** 700th Support Battalion (United States), 700th Brigade Support Battalion
** 72nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States), 72nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Texas Army National Guard)
*** Headquarters and Headquarters Company
*** 1st Squadron, 112th Cavalry Regiment (United States), 112th Cavalry Regiment
*** 1st Battalion, 141st Infantry Regiment (United States), 141st Infantry Regiment
*** 3rd Battalion, 141st Infantry Regiment
*** 3rd Battalion, 138th Infantry Regiment (Missouri Army National Guard)
*** 172nd Brigade Engineer Battalion
*** 536th Brigade Support Battalion
** 35th Division Artillery (Kansas Army National Guard)
*** Headquarters and Headquarters Battery
*** 1st Battalion, 133rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States), 133rd Field Artillery Regiment (Texas Army National Guard)
*** 1st Battalion, 160th Field Artillery Regiment (United States), 160th Field Artillery Regiment (Oklahoma Army National Guard)
*** 1st Battalion, 206th Field Artillery Regiment (Arkansas Army National Guard)
** 35th Combat Aviation Brigade (United States), Expeditionary Combat Aviation Brigade, 35th Infantry Division (Missouri Army National Guard)
*** Headquarters and Headquarters Company
*** 1st Battalion, 108th Aviation Regiment (United States), 108th Aviation Regiment (Kansas Army National Guard)
*** 1st Battalion, 135th Aviation Regiment (United States), 135th Aviation Regiment
*** 2nd Battalion, 211th Aviation Regiment (United States), 211th Aviation Regiment (Utah Army National Guard)
*** 1st Battalion, 376th Aviation Regiment (United States), 376th Aviation Regiment (Nebraska Army National Guard)
*** 935th Aviation Support Battalion
** 230th Sustainment Brigade (United States), 230th Sustainment Brigade (Tennessee Army National Guard)
*** 169th Division Sustainment Support Battalion (Kansas Army National Guard)
** 110th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade (Missouri Army National Guard) (intended final organization; will be reflagged as the 110th Protection Brigade in 2026)
*** Headquarters and Headquarters Company
*** Air Defense Artillery Battalion (will activate in 2026)
*** 126th Chemical Battalion (Nebraska Army National Guard)
*** 175th Military Police Battalion (Missouri Army National Guard)
*** 230th Engineer Battalion (Tennessee Army National Guard)
*** 110th Brigade Support Battalion
** 891st Division Engineer Battalion (Kansas Army National Guard)
** Division Intelligence & Electronic Warfare Battalion (Michigan Army National Guard)
** Division Cavalry Squadron (will activate in 2026)
** Division Mobile Protected Firepower Battalion (will activate in 2025)

Heraldry and insignia

Distinctive unit insignia

The distinctive unit insignia of the 35th Infantry Division consists of an infantry blue nonagon with a gold border, on which is superimposed a gold covered wagon or "prairie schooner" drawn by four ox, oxen. The insignia was originally approved on 27 August 1934, after the first division commander and the division staff had been appointed. The nonagon in Infantry Branch (United States), infantry blue indicates that the 35th is an infantry division, and at the time was composed of nine complete regiments, while the wagon drawn by the oxen denotes the Midwestern United States, Midwestern heritage of the unit. The description of the insignia was amended on 29 February 1984 to change the color of the schooner from gold to silver. On 6 April 1984, it was authorized for the 35th Infantry Division and amended again to change the color of the schooner back to gold.

Shoulder sleeve insignia

The division's shoulder patch, a Santa Fe cross in a circle, was conceived as a marking for division vehicles and baggage in 1918, and was first promulgated by 35th Division General Orders Number 25, issued on 27 March 1918. It was officially approved for the 35th Division on 29 October 1918 by the adjutant general of the American Expeditionary Force. The marking was later stenciled onto signs identifying the whereabouts of division units, soldiers' helmets, and finally was made into a shoulder sleeve insignia when that usage was authorized.

Twenty-four distinct combinations of quadrant and border colors were devised for all of the 35th Division's units. Each major unit of the 35th Division (the division headquarters and headquarters troop and the 128th Machine Gun Battalion, the 110th Field Signal Battalion, 110th Ammunition, 110th Sanitary, and 110th Supply Trains, the 110th Engineer Regiment and Train, the 69th Infantry Brigade, the 70th Infantry Brigade, and the 60th Field Artillery Brigade) was respectively identified by one of six border colors: blue, green, white, yellow, black, or red. The component units each had their own combination of quadrant colors, consisting of one or two of the aforementioned. Patches varied widely in exact design and material.

Postwar, the wide variety of color combinations was done away with, and the insignia to be worn by all division personnel was simplified to consist of a white Santa Fe cross on a blue background with an olive drab border, although colored insignia continued in limited use in certain cases until the 1930s.

Notable members

* Captain Harry S. Truman, Senator, Vice President, and President of the United States; commanded Battery D, 129th Field Artillery, 60th Field Artillery Brigade in WWI
* Brigadier General Harry H. Vaughan, military aide to Harry S. Truman during and after WWII
* Captain Alexander R. Skinker, Missouri
** Medal of Honor, WWI, Meuse-Argonne Offensive, 138th Infantry Regiment
* Private Nels Wold, Minnesota
** Medal of Honor, WWI, Meuse-Argonne Offensive, 138th Infantry Regiment
* Second Lieutenant Erwin Russell Bleckley, Erwin R. Bleckley, Kansas
** Medal of Honor, WWI, Meuse-Argonne Offensive, 130th Field Artillery Regiment
* Staff Sergeant Junior J. Spurrier, Virginia
** Medal of Honor, WWII, 134th Infantry Regiment
** Distinguished Service Cross, WWII, 134th Infantry Regiment
* Master Sergeant Robert Pirosh, screenwriter, served during WWII

In popular culture

* The 35th Infantry Division is featured in the 1970 film ''Kelly's Heroes''. The blue and white division patch is worn throughout the movie and LTC Booker tells the General “elements of the 35th” when asked who has advanced.
* Mickey Rooney as Andy Hardy in 1947 film "Love Laughs at Andy Hardy " wears the 35th Infantry Division patch.
* The fictional unit in the film From Here to Eternity wears the 35th ID patch.

See also

* Formations of the United States Army during World War I
* Formations of the United States Army during World War II
* Formations of the United States Army during the War on Terrorism
* American Order of Battle Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Meuse-Argonne order of battle
* List of Allied forces in the Normandy Campaign, Normandy order of battle
* Lorraine Campaign order of battle, Rhineland order of battle
* Battle of the Bulge order of battle, Ardennes-Alsace order of battle
* Clair Kenamore, military historian

Notes

References

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Further reading

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External links

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35th Division Association

35th Infantry Division in World War II, 1941–1945

35th Infantry Division Memory

LoneSentry.com (Attack! The Story of the 35th Infantry Division)
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1917 establishments in Oklahoma
1919 disestablishments in Kansas
1926 establishments in Missouri
1945 disestablishments in Kentucky
1946 establishments in Kansas
1963 disestablishments in Kansas
1984 establishments in Kansas
Infantry divisions of the United States Army
Divisions of the United States Army National Guard
Military units and formations established in 1917
Military units and formations disestablished in 1919
Military units and formations established in 1926
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
Military units and formations established in 1946
Military units and formations disestablished in 1963
Military units and formations established in 1984
United States Army divisions of World War I
Infantry divisions of the United States Army in World War II
United States Army divisions during World War II, Infantry Division, U.S. 035th