22nd Chess Olympiad
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The 22nd
Chess Olympiad The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams representing nations of the world compete. FIDE organises the tournament and selects the host nation. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, FIDE held an Online Chess Olympiad in FIDE Onli ...
(, ''Olimpiada ha-shachmat ha-22''), organized by
FIDE The International Chess Federation or World Chess Federation, commonly referred to by its French acronym FIDE ( , ), is an international organization based in Switzerland that connects the various national chess federations and acts as the Spor ...
, took place between October 26 and November 10, 1976, in
Haifa Haifa ( ; , ; ) is the List of cities in Israel, third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv—with a population of in . The city of Haifa forms part of the Haifa metropolitan area, the third-most populous metropolitan area i ...
,
Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...
. For the first time, the event comprised both an openAlthough commonly referred to as the ''men's division'', this section is open to both male and female players. and a women's tournament. Another first was the change in format. The growing number of teams (74 at the previous Olympiad) had made it impossible to continue with the previous system of round-robin preliminary and final groups, so beginning in Haifa, the open event was played as a
Swiss system tournament A Swiss-system tournament is a non-eliminating tournament format that features a fixed number of rounds of competition, but considerably fewer than for a round-robin tournament; thus each competitor (team or individual) does not play all the other ...
(the women's event had fewer participants and did not use the Swiss system until 1980). The first Swiss system Olympiad ended up with significantly fewer teams, however. International politics once again interfered in the world of sports, as many FIDE member nations withdrew in protest against the Olympiad being held in Israel, a country many of them didn't recognize. Among the nations that stayed away from Haifa were all of the Arab countries, some of which took part in the alternative
Against Chess Olympiad The Against Chess Olympiad ( ''al-Awlambayād aḍ-ḍādi ash-Shatranji'') was arranged as an alternative to the official 22nd Chess Olympiad, held in Haifa, Israel, almost simultaneously. This unofficial Olympiad took place in Tripoli, Libyan A ...
instead. Other absentees were the entire Eastern Bloc, including most of the usual medal candidates. A number of Eastern European players had recently defected, however, and now represented various Western countries. In the absence of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Hungary, the US team had the highest average rating and had to be considered favourites, even without
Bobby Fischer Robert James Fischer (March 9, 1943January 17, 2008) was an American Grandmaster (chess), chess grandmaster and the eleventh World Chess Championship, World Chess Champion. A chess prodigy, he won his first of a record eight US Chess Champi ...
. In the end, they lived up to expectations and won the gold medals, by half a point. The Netherlands and England took home the silver and bronze, respectively.


Open event

Forty-eight nations played 13 rounds. In the event of a draw, the tie-break was decided first by match points, then by using the
Buchholz system The Buchholz system (also spelled Buchholtz) is a ranking or scoring system developed by Bruno Buchholz (died 1958) in 1932, for Swiss system tournaments. It was originally developed as an auxiliary scoring method, but more recently it has been u ...
. :


Team standing

The following ratings were used to determine the placement (#). * BP (sum of board points) * TP (sum of team points) * Rtg ( Buchholz scoring system) :


Individual medals

* Board 1:
Jan Timman Jan Timman (born 14 December 1951) is a Dutch chess grandmaster who was one of the world's leading chess players from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. At the peak of his career, he was considered to be the best non-Soviet player and was known a ...
8½ / 11 = 77.3% * Board 2:
Gennadi Sosonko Gennadi "Genna" Borisovich Sosonko (, ''Gennady Borisovich Sosonko''; born 18 May 1943) is a Russian-born Dutch chess grandmaster and writer. He has been awarded the title Grandmaster (GM) by FIDE and has twice been Dutch champion. Career Bo ...
6 / 8 = 75.0% * Board 3:
Marcelo Carrión Marcelo Carrión (born 10 May 1956) is a Dominican Republic, Dominican chess FIDE titles, FIDE Master (FM) (2009) and Chess Olympiad individual gold medal winner (22nd Chess Olympiad, 1976). Biography In 1986, Marcelo Carrión won the Columbia D ...
9 / 11 = 81.8% * Board 4:
Michael Stean Michael Francis Stean (born 4 September 1953) is an English chess grandmaster, an author of chess books and a tax accountant. Early life and junior career Stean was born on 4 September 1953 in London. He learned to play chess before the age o ...
5½ / 8 = 68.8% * 1st reserve: Boris de Greiff 5½ / 7 = 78.6% * 2nd reserve: Kim Commons 7½ / 9 = 83.3%


Women's event

Twenty-three nations took part in the women's Olympiad. From four preliminary groups the teams were split into three finals. Israel, led by former World Championship challenger Kushnir, won the gold, ahead of England and Spain.


Preliminaries

* Group 1: * Group 2: * Group 3: * Group 4:


Finals

: : :


Final «A»


Final «B»


Final «C»


Individual medals

* Board 1:
Alla Kushnir Alla Shulimovna Kushnir (; ; 11 August 1941 – 2 August 2013) was a Soviet-born Israeli chess player. She was awarded the FIDE titles of Woman International Master (WIM) in 1962 and Woman Grandmaster (WGM) in 1976. In 2017, she was inducted ...
7½ / 8 = 93.8% * Board 2: Nava Shterenberg 9 / 10 = 90.0% * Board 3: Hyroko Maeda 6½ / 8 = 81.3% * Reserve:
Lea Nudelman Lea Nudelman (; born 11 May 1955) is an Israeli chess player who won Women's Chess Olympiad team and individual gold medals. Chess career Lea Nudelman participated in the Soviet Union youth chess championship, where achieved the best result in 1 ...
6½ / 7 = 92.9%


References


22nd Chess Olympiad: Haifa 1976
OlimpBase {{Chess Olympiads 22 Women's Chess Olympiads Olympiad 22 Chess Olympiad 22 Olympiad 22 Chess Olympiad 22 International sports competitions hosted by Israel