21st-century Tajikistani People

File:1st century collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Jesus is crucified by Roman authorities in Judaea (17th century painting). Four different men (Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian) claim the title of Emperor within the span of a year; The Great Fire of Rome (18th-century painting) sees the destruction of two-thirds of the city, precipitating the empire's first persecution against Christians, who are blamed for the disaster; The Roman Colosseum is built and holds its inaugural games; Roman forces besiege Jerusalem during the First Jewish–Roman War (19th-century painting); The Trưng sisters Trung sisters' rebellion, lead a rebellion against the Chinese Han dynasty (anachronistic depiction); Boudica, queen of the British Iceni leads Boudican revolt, a rebellion against Rome (19th-century statue); Ancient Chinese coinage, Knife-shaped coin of the Xin dynasty., 335px
rect 30 30 737 1077 Crucifixion of Jesus
rect 767 30 1815 1077 Year of the Four Emperors
rect 1846 30 3223 1077 Great Fire of Rome
rect 30 1108 1106 2155 Boudican revolt
rect 1136 1108 2010 2155 Xin dynasty
rect 2041 1108 3223 2155 Inaugural games of the Flavian Amphitheatre
rect 30 2186 1650 3223 Trung sisters' rebellion
rect 1681 2186 3223 3223 Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

The 1st century was the century spanning AD 1 (represented by the Roman numeral I) through AD 100 (C) according to the Julian calendar. It is often written as the or to distinguish it from the 1st century BC (or BCE) which preceded it. The 1st century is considered part of the Classical era, epoch, or History by period, historical period. The Roman Empire, Han dynasty, Han China and the Parthian Empire, Parthian Persia were the most powerful and Hegemony, hegemonic states.

During this century, the Roman Empire (ruled by the Julio-Claudian dynasty, Julio-Claudian and Flavian dynasty, Flavian dynasties) continued to be in a period of relative stability known as Pax Romana, withstanding Financial crisis of 33, a financial crisis in 33 and a Year of the Four Emperors, civil war in 69. In Europe, Rome Roman conquest of Britain, expanded into Britain and fought Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic tribes, wars in Germania Domitian's Dacian War, and Dacia. In Africa, Rome was challenged by Tacfarinas, who led his own Musulamii tribe and a loose and changing coalition of other Berber tribes before being defeated in 24. In West Asia, Rome First Jewish–Roman War, defeated a Jewish rebellion (66–73) and Roman–Parthian War of 58–63, fought a war with Parthia from 58–63, though the latter conflict was inconclusive. In East Asia, the Chinese Western Han dynasty was overthrown and replaced by the Xin dynasty in 9, which in turn faced its own rebel movements (namely the Red Eyebrows and Lulin), and was replaced by the Eastern Han dynasty in 25. The Eastern Han dynasty then Trung sisters' rebellion, faced and quelled a rebellion by the Trưng sisters (40–43). In 58, the Eastern Han dynasty entered a golden age with the Rule of Ming and Zhang, who were generally regarded as able administrators who cared about the welfare of the people and who promoted officials with integrity. On its northern frontier, the Chinese dynasties Han–Xiongnu War, waged intermittent war with the Xiongnu before emerging victorious in 91. The states of Funan and Xianbei state, Xianbei were also established in this century.

The century saw the origination of Christianity from Palestine (region), Palestine. In the early 30s, Roman governor Pontius Pilate sentenced Crucifixion of Jesus, Jesus to crucifixion; his suffering and Redeemer (Christianity), redemptive death by crucifixion would become central aspects of Christian theology concerning the doctrines of Salvation in Christianity, salvation and atonement. Alexandrian riots (38 CE), Anti-Jewish riots broke out in Alexandria in 38. In 64, the Great Fire of Rome destroyed two-thirds of the city, precipitating the empire's Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire, first persecution of Christians, who were blamed for the disaster. Later in 70, the Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE), siege and subsequent sack of Jerusalem and the Second Temple during the First Jewish–Roman War marked a major turning point in Jewish history. The loss of mother-city and temple necessitated a reshaping of Jewish culture to ensure its survival. Judaism's Temple-based sects, including the Priesthood (ancient Israel), priesthood and the Sadducees, diminished in importance. Second Temple Judaism came to an end, while a new form of Judaism that became known as Rabbinic Judaism developed out of the Pharisees, Pharisaic school. Furthermore, the White Horse Temple, the first Buddhism, Buddhist temple in China, was traditionally constructed in 68, though it is not recorded in contemporary sources before 289.

Several natural disasters took place in this century. AD 17 Lydia earthquake, In 17, an earthquake struck the region of Lydia in the Roman province of Asia (Roman province), Asia in Asia Minor (now part of Turkey), causing the destruction of at least 12 cities, with Sardis being most affected. Around 44 to 48, a Judaea (Roman province)#Under a procurator (44–66), famine took place in Judea, precipitating assistance by Helena of Adiabene and her son, Izates II. AD 62 Pompeii earthquake, In 62, an earthquake of an estimated magnitude of between 5 and 6 and a maximum intensity of IX or X on the Mercalli scale struck the towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum, severely damaging them. The towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum both suffered major damage, with damage to some buildings also reported from Naples and Nocera Inferiore, Nuceria. In 79, Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius violently spewed forth a deadly cloud of super-heated tephra and gases to a height of , ejecting Lava, molten rock, pulverized pumice and Volcanic ash, hot ash. The event destroyed several towns and minor settlements in the area, at the time part of the Roman Empire, with Pompeii and Herculaneum being the most famous examples. The total population of both cities was over twenty thousand. The remains of over 1,500 people have been found at Pompeii and Herculaneum so far, although the total death toll from the eruption remains unknown. Death toll estimates range from 13,000 to 16,000.

Regional politics

* Western Europe: Celts, Celtic, Germanic peoples, Germanic, Sami people, Saami and Finns, Finnic tribe, tribal chiefdom and the Roman Empire
* Eastern Europe: Roman Empire, Dacians, Dacian, Sarmatians, Sarmatian, West Slavs, Venedae and Balts, Balt tribe, tribal chiefdoms
* North Africa: Roman Empire, Garamantes, Mauri people, Mauri, Punics, Libyan and Gaetulian tribe, tribal chiefdoms
* West Africa: Gur languages, Gur, Volta–Niger languages, Kwa, Soninke people, Soninke and Mandé peoples, Mande tribe, tribal chiefdoms
* Central Africa: Bantu peoples, Bantu tribes, collapsing Nok culture, Nok civilization
* East Africa: Kingdom of Kush, Kingdom of Blemmyes, Kingdom of Aksum
* Southern Africa: Bantu peoples, Bantu tribes, Khoisan
* Western Asia: Roman and Parthian Empires, Sabaeans, Sabaean and Arabian Kingdoms
* Central Asia: Kushan Empire, Sarmatian, Dahae and other Iranian peoples, Iranian tribe, tribal chiefdoms
* South Asia: Kushan Empire, Western Satraps, Satavahana dynasty, Satavahana Empire, Tamilakam, Dravidian Kingdoms, Kingdom of Kalinga (historical region), Kalinga, Indo-Parthian Kingdom, Zhangzhung
* Southeast Asia: Mandala (Southeast Asian political model), Mandala of city-states, Kingdom of Funan
* East Asia: Han dynasty, Yamatai, Xiongnu and Xianbei tribe, tribal chiefdoms, Three Kingdoms of Korea (Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla)
* Central America: Maya civilization, Mayan, Teotihuacan and Zapotec civilization, Zapotec civilizations
* South America: Nazca culture, Nazca, Moche culture, Moche civilizations, Tairona tribe, tribal chiefdoms

Events

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Inventions, discoveries, introductions

* Codex, the first form of the modern book, appears in the Roman Empire.
* Various inventions by Hero of Alexandria, including the steam turbine (aeolipile), water organ, and various other water-powered machines.
* c. AD 23: the Chinese astronomer Liu Xin (scholar), Liu Xin dies, he documented 1080 different stars, amongst other achievements.
* AD 31: the Han dynasty Chinese engineer and statesman Du Shi (d. AD 38) from Nanyang, Henan, Nanyang invented the first-known hydraulic-powered bellows to heat the blast furnace in smelting cast iron. He used a complex mechanical device that was powered by the rushing current against a waterwheel, a practice that would continue in China.
* AD 78: the beginning of the Saka Era used by South Asian calendars.
* c. AD 80: although Philo of Byzantium described the saqiya chain pump in the early 2nd century BC, the square-pallet chain pump was innovated in China during this century, mentioned first by the philosopher Wang Chong around AD 80. Wang Chong also accurately described the water cycle in meteorology, and argued against the mainstream 'radiating influence' theory for solar eclipses, the latter of which was accepted by many, including Zhang Heng.

References

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1st century,
1st millennium
Centuries, 01st century