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Events


Pre-1600

*
753 BC Events By place Europe * April 21: Romulus and Remus legendarily found the city of Rome (according to the calculations of the Roman scholar Varro Reatinus). According to the legend, Romulus and Remus are the sons of Rhea Silvia, dau ...
–
Romulus Romulus () was the legendary founder and first king of Rome. Various traditions attribute the establishment of many of Rome's oldest legal, political, religious, and social institutions to Romulus and his contemporaries. Although many of these ...
founds
Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus ( legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...
( traditional date). *
43 BC __NOTOC__ Year 43 BC was either a common year starting on Sunday, Monday or Tuesday or a leap year starting on Sunday or Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar (the sources differ, see leap year error for further inf ...
–
Battle of Mutina The Battle of Mutina took place on 21 April 43 BC between the forces loyal to the Roman Senate, Senate under Consuls Gaius Vibius Pansa and Aulus Hirtius, supported by the forces of Augustus, Caesar Octavian, and the forces of Mark Antony whic ...
:
Mark Antony Marcus Antonius (14 January 1 August 30 BC), commonly known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic from a constitutional republic into the ...
is again defeated in battle by
Aulus Hirtius Aulus Hirtius (; – 43 BC) was consul of the Roman Republic in 43 BC and a writer on military subjects. He was killed during his consulship in battle against Mark Antony at the Battle of Mutina. Biography He was a legate of Julius Caesar's ...
, who is killed. Antony fails to capture
Mutina Modena (, , ; egl, label= Modenese, Mòdna ; ett, Mutna; la, Mutina) is a city and '' comune'' ( municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. A town, and sea ...
and Decimus Brutus is murdered shortly after. * 900 – The
Laguna Copperplate Inscription The Laguna copperplate inscription ( tl, Inskripsyon sa binatbat na tanso ng Laguna, literal translation: ''Inscription on flattened copper of Laguna'') is an official acquittance inscribed onto a copper plate in the Shaka year 822 (Gregorian ...
(the earliest known written document found in what is now the
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
): the Commander-in-Chief of the
Kingdom of Tondo In early Philippine history, the Tagalog settlement at Tondo (; Baybayin: ) was a major trade hub located on the northern part of the Pasig River delta, on Luzon island.Abinales, Patricio N. and Donna J. Amoroso, State and Society in the Ph ...
, as represented by the Honourable Jayadewa, Lord Minister of Pailah, pardons from all debt the Honourable Namwaran and his relations. *
1092 Year 1092 ( MXCII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Summer – Emperor Alexios I (Komnenos) bribes one of Kilij Arslan's (sulta ...
– The
Diocese of Pisa The Archdiocese of Pisa ( la, Archidioecesis Pisana) is a metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in Pisa, Italy.717, Pisan">708, Pisan); on 30–31 July 1716 717, Pisan and on 31 J ... has been Giovanni Paolo Benotto. History In a letter of ...
is elevated to the rank of metropolitan archdiocese by Pope Urban II">archdiocese">717, Pisan and on 31 J ... has been Giovanni Paolo Benotto. History In a letter of ...
is elevated to the rank of metropolitan archdiocese by Pope Urban II *1506 – The three-day Lisbon Massacre comes to an end with the slaughter of over 1,900 suspected Jews by Portuguese Catholics. *1509 – Henry VIII of England, Henry VIII ascends the throne of England on the death of his father, Henry VII. *
1526 Year 1526 ( MDXXVI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 14 – Treaty of Madrid: Peace is declared between Francis I of France and ...
– The last ruler of the
Lodi dynasty The Lodi dynasty ( ps, لودي سلسله; fa, سلسله لودی) was an Afghan dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1451 to 1526. It was the fifth and final dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, and was founded by Bahlul Khan Lodi when ...
,
Ibrahim Lodi Ibrahim Khan Lodi (or Lodhi) (Pashto: ابراهیم خان لودي), (1480 – 21 April 1526) was the last Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate, who became Sultan in 1517 after the death of his father Sikandar Khan Lodi. He was the last ruler of t ...
is defeated and killed by
Babur Babur ( fa, , lit= tiger, translit= Bābur; ; 14 February 148326 December 1530), born Mīrzā Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad, was the founder of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent. He was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan through his ...
in the
First Battle of Panipat The first Battle of Panipat, on 20 April 1526, was fought between the invading forces of Babur and the Lodi dynasty. It took place in North India and marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire and the end of the Delhi Sultanate. This was one ...
.


1601–1900

*
1615 Events January–June * January 1 – The New Netherland Company is granted a three-year monopoly in North American trade, between the 40th and 45th parallels. * February – Sir Thomas Roe sets out to become the first ...
– The
Wignacourt Aqueduct The Wignacourt Aqueduct ( mt, L-Akwedott ta' Wignacourt) is a 17th-century aqueduct in Malta, which was built by the Order of Saint John to carry water from springs in Dingli and Rabat to the newly built capital city Valletta. The aqueduct ...
is inaugurated in
Malta Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies ...
. *
1782 Events January–March * January 7 – The first American commercial bank (Bank of North America) opens. * January 15 – Superintendent of Finance Robert Morris goes before the United States Congress to recommend establi ...
– The city of Rattanakosin, now known internationally as
Bangkok Bangkok, officially known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon and colloquially as Krung Thep, is the capital and most populous city of Thailand. The city occupies in the Chao Phraya River delta in central Thailand and has an estimated populatio ...
, is
founded Founding may refer to: * The formation of a corporation, government, or other organization * The laying of a building's Foundation * The casting of materials in a mold See also * Foundation (disambiguation) * Incorporation (disambiguation) In ...
on the eastern bank of the Chao Phraya River by King
Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok Maharaj (, 20 March 1737 – 7 September 1809), personal name Thongduang (), also known as Rama I, was the founder of the Rattanakosin Kingdom and the first monarch of the reigning Chakri dynasty of Siam (now Thai ...
. *
1789 Events January–March * January – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès publishes the pamphlet '' What Is the Third Estate?'' ('), influential on the French Revolution. * January 7 – The 1788-89 United States presidential electio ...
–
John Adams John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Befor ...
sworn in as 1st US Vice President (nine days before George Washington) * 1789 – George Washington's reception at Trenton is hosted by the Ladies of Trenton as he journeys to New York City for his first inauguration. *
1792 Events January–March * January 9 – The Treaty of Jassy ends the Russian Empire's war with the Ottoman Empire over Crimea. * February 18 – Thomas Holcroft produces the comedy '' The Road to Ruin'' in London. * Februar ...
–
Tiradentes Joaquim José da Silva Xavier (; 12 November 1746 – 21 April 1792), known as Tiradentes (), was a leading member of the colonial Brazilian revolutionary movement known as Inconfidência Mineira, whose aim was full independence from Po ...
, a
revolutionary A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates a revolution. The term ''revolutionary'' can also be used as an adjective, to refer to something that has a major, sudden impact on society or on some aspect of human endeavor. ...
leading a movement for Brazil's independence, is
hanged, drawn and quartered To be hanged, drawn and quartered became a statutory penalty for men convicted of high treason in the Kingdom of England from 1352 under King Edward III (1327–1377), although similar rituals are recorded during the reign of King Henry III ...
. *
1802 Events January–March * January 5 – Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, begins removal of the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon in Athens, claiming they were at risk of destruction during the Ot ...
– Twelve thousand Wahhabis sack Karbala, killing over three thousand inhabitants. *
1806 Events January–March * January 1 ** The French Republican Calendar is abolished. ** The Kingdom of Bavaria is established by Napoleon. * January 5 – The body of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, lies in state in the Painted Hal ...
–
Action of 21 April 1806 The action of 21 April 1806 was a minor engagement between a French frigate and British forces off South Africa during the Napoleonic Wars. The Île Bonaparte and Île de France constituted French outposts in the Indian Ocean, from which priva ...
: A French frigate escapes British forces off the coast of South Africa. *
1809 Events January–March * January 5 – The Treaty of the Dardanelles, between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Ottoman Empire, is concluded. * January 10 – Peninsular War – French Marshal Jean ...
– Two Austrian army corps are driven from Landshut by a
First French Empire The First French Empire, officially the French Republic, then the French Empire (; Latin: ) after 1809, also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental ...
army led by Napoleon as two French corps to the north hold off the main Austrian army on the first day of the
Battle of Eckmühl The Battle of Eckmühl, fought on 22 April 1809, was the turning point of the 1809 Campaign, also known as the War of the Fifth Coalition. Napoleon I had been unprepared for the start of hostilities on 10 April 1809, by the Austrians under t ...
. *
1821 Events January–March * January 21 – Peter I Island in the Antarctic is first sighted, by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen. * January 28 – Alexander Island, the largest in Antarctica, is first discovered by Fabian Gottlieb von B ...
–
Benderli Ali Pasha Benderli Ali Pasha was an Ottoman statesman. He was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. He ruled from 23 March 1821 to 30 April 1821 as grand vizier of Sultan Mahmud IIİsmail Hâmi Danişmend, ''Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı'', Türkiye Yayınevi ...
arrives in Constantinople as the new Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire; he remains in power for only nine days before being sent into exile. *
1836 Events January–March * January 1 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Prince Ferdinand Augustus Francis Anthony of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. * January 5 – Davy Crockett arrives in Texas. * January 12 ** , with Charles Darwin on board, re ...
– Texas Revolution: The
Battle of San Jacinto The Battle of San Jacinto ( es, Batalla de San Jacinto), fought on April 21, 1836, in present-day La Porte and Pasadena, Texas, was the final and decisive battle of the Texas Revolution. Led by General Samuel Houston, the Texan Army engage ...
:
Republic of Texas The Republic of Texas ( es, República de Tejas) was a sovereign state in North America that existed from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846, that bordered Mexico, the Republic of the Rio Grande in 1840 (another breakaway republic from M ...
forces under
Sam Houston Samuel Houston (, ; March 2, 1793 – July 26, 1863) was an American general and statesman who played an important role in the Texas Revolution. He served as the first and third president of the Republic of Texas and was one of the first two i ...
defeat troops under Mexican General
Antonio López de Santa Anna Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón (; 21 February 1794 – 21 June 1876),Callcott, Wilfred H., "Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez De,''Handbook of Texas Online'' Retrieved 18 April 2017. usually known as Santa Ann ...
. *
1856 Events January–March * January 8 – Borax deposits are discovered in large quantities by John Veatch in California. * January 23 – American paddle steamer SS ''Pacific'' leaves Liverpool (England) for a transatlantic voy ...
–
Australian labour movement The Australian labour movement began in the early 19th century and since the late 19th century has included industrial (Australian unions) and political wings (Australian Labor Party). Trade unions in Australia may be organised (i.e., formed) o ...
: Stonemasons and building workers on building sites around Melbourne march from the University of Melbourne to Parliament House to achieve an
eight-hour day The eight-hour day movement (also known as the 40-hour week movement or the short-time movement) was a social movement to regulate the length of a working day, preventing excesses and abuses. An eight-hour work day has its origins in the 1 ...
. *
1894 Events January–March * January 4 – A military alliance is established between the French Third Republic and the Russian Empire. * January 7 – William Kennedy Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film in the United S ...
– Norway formally adopts the
Krag–Jørgensen The Krag–Jørgensen is a repeating bolt-action rifle designed by the Norwegians Ole Herman Johannes Krag and Erik Jørgensen in the late 19th century. It was adopted as a standard arm by Norway, Denmark, and the United States. About 300 wer ...
bolt-action rifle as the main arm of its armed forces, a weapon that would remain in service for almost 50 years. *
1898 Events January–March * January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, B ...
–
Spanish–American War , partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence , image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg , image_size = 300px , caption = (cl ...
: The United States Navy begins a blockade of
Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...
n ports. When the
U.S. Congress The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
issued a declaration of war on April 25, it declared that a state of war had existed from this date.


1901–present

*
1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It also saw the first airline to provide schedule ...
– Ypiranga incident: A German arms shipment to Mexico is intercepted by the U.S. Navy near
Veracruz Veracruz (), formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave), is one of the 31 states which, along with Me ...
. *
1918 This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events ...
–
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...
:
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...
fighter ace
Manfred von Richthofen Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen (; 2 May 1892 – 21 April 1918), known in English as Baron von Richthofen or the Red Baron, was a fighter pilot with the German Air Force during World War I. He is considered the ace-of-aces of t ...
, better known as "The Red Baron", is shot down and killed over
Vaux-sur-Somme Vaux-sur-Somme (, literally ''Vaux on Somme''; pcd, Veux-su-Sonme) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. History Vaux-sur-Somme is notable as the place where famous flying ace Manfred von Richthofen, b ...
in
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan ar ...
. *
1926 Events January * January 3 – Theodoros Pangalos (general), Theodoros Pangalos declares himself dictator in Greece. * January 8 **Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud is crowned King of Kingdom of Hejaz, Hejaz. ** Bảo Đại, Crown Prince Nguyễn P ...
–
Al-Baqi cemetery ''Jannat al-Baqīʿ'' ( ar, ٱلْبَقِيْع, "The Baqi'") is the oldest and the first Islamic cemetery of Medina in the Hejazi region of present-day Saudi Arabia. It is located to the southeast of the Prophet's Mosque, which contains the ...
, former site of the mausoleum of four Shi'a Imams, is leveled to the ground by
Wahhabis Wahhabism ( ar, ٱلْوَهَّابِيَةُ, translit=al-Wahhābiyyah) is a Sunni Islamic revivalist and fundamentalist movement associated with the reformist doctrines of the 18th-century Arabian Islamic scholar, theologian, preacher, a ...
. *
1934 Events January–February * January 1 – The International Telecommunication Union, a specialist agency of the League of Nations, is established. * January 15 – The 8.0 Nepal–Bihar earthquake strikes Nepal and Bihar with a max ...
– The "Surgeon's Photograph", the most famous photo allegedly showing the
Loch Ness Monster The Loch Ness Monster ( gd, Uilebheist Loch Nis), affectionately known as Nessie, is a creature in Scottish folklore that is said to inhabit Loch Ness in the Scottish Highlands. It is often described as large, long-necked, and with one or m ...
, is published in the ''
Daily Mail The ''Daily Mail'' is a British daily middle-market tabloid newspaper and news websitePeter Wilb"Paul Dacre of the Daily Mail: The man who hates liberal Britain", ''New Statesman'', 19 December 2013 (online version: 2 January 2014) publish ...
'' (in 1994, it is revealed to be a hoax). *
1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. Januar ...
–
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
:
Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
forces south of Berlin at
Zossen Zossen (; hsb, Sosny) is a German town in the district of Teltow-Fläming in Brandenburg, about south of Berlin, and next to the B96 highway. Zossen consists of several smaller municipalities, which were grouped together in 2003 to form the ci ...
attack the German High Command headquarters. *
1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...
–
United Nations Security Council Resolution 47 The United Nations Security Council Resolution 47, adopted on 21 April 1948, concerns the resolution of the Kashmir conflict. After hearing arguments from both India and Pakistan, the Council increased the size of the UN Commission created by ...
relating to
Kashmir conflict The Kashmir conflict is a territorial conflict over the Kashmir region, primarily between India and Pakistan, with China playing a third-party role. The conflict started after the partition of India in 1947 as both India and Pakistan claim ...
is adopted. *
1952 Events January–February * January 26 – Cairo Fire, Black Saturday in Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses. * February 6 ** Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh ...
– Secretary's Day (now Administrative Professionals' Day) is first celebrated. * 1958 – United Airlines Flight 736 collides with a
United States Air Force The United States Air Force (USAF) is the air service branch of the United States Armed Forces, and is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Originally created on 1 August 1907, as a part of the United States Army S ...
fighter jet near Arden, Nevada in what is now
Enterprise, Nevada Enterprise is an unincorporated town in the Las Vegas Valley in Clark County, Nevada, United States. The population was 221,831 at the 2020 U.S. Census, up from 14,676 at the 2000 census. It was founded on December 17, 1996. Like other uninco ...
. *
1960 It is also known as the " Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * J ...
–
Brasília Brasília (; ) is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District. The city is located at the top of the Brazilian highlands in the country's Central-West region. It was founded by President Juscelino Kubitsche ...
, Brazil's capital, is officially inaugurated. At 09:30, the Three Powers of the Republic are simultaneously transferred from the old capital,
Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of the same name, Brazil's List of Brazilian states by population, third-most populous state, and the List of largest citi ...
. *
1962 Events January * January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand. * January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism. * January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wo ...
– The Seattle World's Fair (Century 21 Exposition) opens. It is the first
World's Fair A world's fair, also known as a universal exhibition or an expo, is a large international exhibition designed to showcase the achievements of nations. These exhibitions vary in character and are held in different parts of the world at a specif ...
in the United States since World War II. *
1963 Events January * January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Co ...
– The first election of the
Universal House of Justice The Universal House of Justice ( fa, بیت‌العدل اعظم) is the nine-member supreme ruling body of the Baháʼí Faith. It was envisioned by Baháʼu'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith, as an institution that could legislate o ...
is held, marking its establishment as the supreme governing institution of the
Baháʼí Faith The Baháʼí Faith is a religion founded in the 19th century that teaches the essential worth of all religions and the unity of all people. Established by Baháʼu'lláh in the 19th century, it initially developed in Iran and parts of the ...
. *
1964 Events January * January 1 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. * January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patriarc ...
– A Transit-5bn satellite fails to reach orbit after launch; as it re-enters the atmosphere, of radioactive
plutonium Plutonium is a radioactive chemical element with the symbol Pu and atomic number 94. It is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air, and forms a dull coating when oxidized. The element normally exhib ...
in its SNAP RTG power source is widely dispersed. *
1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndo ...
– The 1964–1965 New York World's Fair opens for its second and final season. *
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo is ...
–
Rastafari movement Rastafari, sometimes called Rastafarianism, is a religion that developed in Jamaica during the 1930s. It is classified as both a new religious movement and a social movement by scholars of religion. There is no central authority in control of ...
:
Haile Selassie Haile Selassie I ( gez, ቀዳማዊ ኀይለ ሥላሴ, Qädamawi Häylä Səllasé, ; born Tafari Makonnen; 23 July 189227 August 1975) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. He rose to power as Regent Plenipotentiary of Ethiopia (' ...
of
Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the Er ...
visits
Jamaica Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of Hispan ...
, an event now celebrated as Grounation Day. *
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation, Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 5 ** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establ ...
– A few days before the
general election A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ...
in Greece, Colonel
George Papadopoulos George Demetrios Papadopoulos (; born August 19, 1987) is an author and former member of the foreign policy advisory panel to Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign. On October 5, 2017, Papadopoulos pleaded guilty to a felony charge of ma ...
leads a
coup d'état A coup d'état (; French for 'stroke of state'), also known as a coup or overthrow, is a seizure and removal of a government and its powers. Typically, it is an illegal seizure of power by a political faction, politician, cult, rebel group, ...
, establishing a
military regime A military dictatorship is a dictatorship in which the military exerts complete or substantial control over political authority, and the dictator is often a high-ranked military officer. The reverse situation is to have civilian control of the m ...
that lasts for seven years. *
1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, me ...
– Astronauts
John Young John Young may refer to: Academics * John Young (professor of Greek) (died 1820), Scottish professor of Greek at the University of Glasgow * John C. Young (college president) (1803–1857), American educator, pastor, and president of Centre Coll ...
and
Charles Duke Charles Moss Duke Jr. (born October 3, 1935) is an American former astronaut, United States Air Force (USAF) officer and test pilot. As Lunar Module pilot of Apollo 16 in 1972, he became the tenth and youngest person to walk on the Moon, at ...
fly Apollo 16's
Apollo Lunar Module The Apollo Lunar Module (LM ), originally designated the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM), was the lunar lander spacecraft that was flown between lunar orbit and the Moon's surface during the United States' Apollo program. It was the first crewed s ...
to the Moon's surface, the fifth NASA Apollo Program crewed lunar landing. *
1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 - Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...
–
Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
: President of South Vietnam
Nguyễn Văn Thiệu Nguyễn Văn Thiệu (; 5 April 1923 – 29 September 2001) was a South Vietnamese military officer and politician who was the president of South Vietnam from 1967 to 1975. He was a general in the Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces (RVNAF), beca ...
flees
Saigon , population_density_km2 = 4,292 , population_density_metro_km2 = 697.2 , population_demonym = Saigonese , blank_name = GRP (Nominal) , blank_info = 2019 , blank1_name = – Total , blank1_ ...
, as Xuân Lộc, the last South Vietnamese outpost blocking a direct
North Vietnam North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...
ese assault on Saigon, falls. *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrati ...
– '' Annie'' opens on
Broadway Broadway may refer to: Theatre * Broadway Theatre (disambiguation) * Broadway theatre, theatrical productions in professional theatres near Broadway, Manhattan, New York City, U.S. ** Broadway (Manhattan), the street **Broadway Theatre (53rd Stree ...
. *
1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street Bridge in Washington, D.C., Un ...
–
Baseball Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each, taking turns batting and fielding. The game occurs over the course of several plays, with each play generally beginning when a player on the fielding ...
:
Rollie Fingers Roland Glen Fingers (born August 25, 1946) is an American former right-handed relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for three teams between 1968 and 1985, when his effectiveness helped to redefine the value of relievers within baseb ...
of the
Milwaukee Brewers The Milwaukee Brewers are an American professional baseball team based in Milwaukee. They compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. The Brewers are named for the city's association wi ...
becomes the first
pitcher In baseball, the pitcher is the player who throws ("pitches") the Baseball (ball), baseball from the pitcher's mound toward the catcher to begin each play, with the goal of out (baseball), retiring a batter (baseball), batter, who attempts to e ...
to record 300 saves. *
1985 The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** The Internet's Domain Name System is created. ** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
– The compound of the militant group The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord surrenders to federal authorities in Arkansas after a two-day government siege. *
1987 File:1987 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes after leaving the Port of Zeebrugge in Belgium, killing 193; Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashes after takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Airpor ...
– The
Tamil Tigers The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE; ta, தமிழீழ விடுதலைப் புலிகள், translit=Tamiḻīḻa viṭutalaip pulikaḷ, si, දෙමළ ඊළාම් විමුක්ති කොටි, t ...
are blamed for a car bomb that detonates in the
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
n capital city of
Colombo Colombo ( ; si, කොළඹ, translit=Koḷam̆ba, ; ta, கொழும்பு, translit=Koḻumpu, ) is the executive and judicial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka by population. According to the Brookings Institution, Colombo me ...
, killing 106 people. *
1989 File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxon Valdez oil tanker ru ...
–
Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 The Tiananmen Square protests, known in Chinese as the June Fourth Incident (), were student-led demonstrations held in Tiananmen Square, Beijing during 1989. In what is known as the Tiananmen Square Massacre, or in Chinese the June Fourt ...
: In Beijing, around 100,000 students gather in
Tiananmen Square Tiananmen Square or Tian'anmen Square (; 天安门广场; Pinyin: ''Tiān'ānmén Guǎngchǎng''; Wade–Giles: ''Tʻien1-an1-mên2 Kuang3-chʻang3'') is a city square in the city center of Beijing, China, named after the eponymous Tiananme ...
to commemorate Chinese reform leader
Hu Yaobang Hu Yaobang (; 20 November 1915 – 15 April 1989) was a high-ranking official of the China, People's Republic of China. He held the top office of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1981 to 1987, first as Chairman of the Chinese Communist P ...
. *
1993 File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peace ...
– The Supreme Court in
La Paz La Paz (), officially known as Nuestra Señora de La Paz (Spanish pronunciation: ), is the seat of government of the Plurinational State of Bolivia. With an estimated 816,044 residents as of 2020, La Paz is the third-most populous city in Bo ...
,
Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...
, sentences former dictator
Luis García Meza Luis García Meza Tejada (8 August 1929 – 29 April 2018) was a Bolivian general who served as the ''de facto'' 57th president of Bolivia from 1980 to 1981. He was a dictator convicted of human rights violations and leader of a violent coup. ...
to 30 years in jail without parole for murder, theft, fraud and violating the constitution. *
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
– Five suicide car bombers target police stations in and around
Basra Basra ( ar, ٱلْبَصْرَة, al-Baṣrah) is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab. It had an estimated population of 1.4 million in 2018. Basra is also Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is han ...
, killing 74 people and wounding 160. *
2010 File:2010 Events Collage New.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2010 Chile earthquake was one of the strongest recorded in history; The Eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland disrupts air travel in Europe; A scene from the opening ceremony of ...
– The controversial
Kharkiv Pact The Agreement between Ukraine and Russia on the Black Sea Fleet in Ukraine, widely referred to as the Kharkiv Pact ( ua, Харківський пакт) or Kharkov Accords (russian: Харьковские соглашения), was a treaty betw ...
(Russian Ukrainian Naval Base for Gas Treaty) is signed in
Kharkiv Kharkiv ( uk, wikt:Харків, Ха́рків, ), also known as Kharkov (russian: Харькoв, ), is the second-largest List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality in Ukraine.Ukrainian President The president of Ukraine ( uk, Президент України, Prezydent Ukrainy) is the head of state of Ukraine. The president represents the nation in international relations, administers the foreign political activity of the state, condu ...
Viktor Yanukovych Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych ( uk, Віктор Федорович Янукович, ; ; born 9 July 1950) is a former politician who served as the fourth president of Ukraine from 2010 until he was removed from office in the Revolution of D ...
and
Russian President The president of the Russian Federation ( rus, Президент Российской Федерации, Prezident Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the head of state of the Russian Federation. The president leads the executive branch of the federal ...
Dmitry Medvedev; it was unilaterally terminated by Russia on March 31, 2014. *
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
– Two trains are involved in a
head-on collision A head-on collision is a traffic collision where the front ends of two vehicles such as cars, trains, ships or planes hit each other when travelling in opposite directions, as opposed to a side collision or rear-end collision. Rail transport ...
near
Sloterdijk, Amsterdam Sloterdijk was a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It now is a part of the municipality of Amsterdam, and lies about 3 km northwest of the city centre.''ANWB Topografische Atlas Nederland'', Topografische Dienst and ANWB, 2005. ...
, in the Netherlands, injuring 116 people. *
2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
– The American city of Flint, Michigan switches its water source to the
Flint River The Flint River is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map, accessed April 15, 2011 river in the U.S. state of Georgia. The river drains of western Georgia, flowing south from the u ...
, beginning the ongoing Flint water crisis which has caused
lead poisoning Lead poisoning, also known as plumbism and saturnism, is a type of metal poisoning caused by lead in the body. The brain is the most sensitive. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, irritability, memory problems, inferti ...
in up to 12,000 people, and 15 deaths from Legionnaires disease, ultimately leading to criminal indictments against 15 people, five of whom have been charged with
involuntary manslaughter Manslaughter is a common law legal term for homicide considered by law as less culpable than murder. The distinction between murder and manslaughter is sometimes said to have first been made by the ancient Athenian lawmaker Draco in the 7th ...
. *
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
– Eight bombs explode at churches, hotels, and other locations in
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
on
Easter Sunday Easter,Traditional names for the feast in English are "Easter Day", as in the '' Book of Common Prayer''; "Easter Sunday", used by James Ussher''The Whole Works of the Most Rev. James Ussher, Volume 4'') and Samuel Pepys''The Diary of Samuel ...
; more than 250 people are killed. *
2021 File:2021 collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: the James Webb Space Telescope was launched in 2021; Protesters in Yangon, Myanmar following the coup d'état; A civil demonstration against the October 2021 coup in Sudan; Crowd shortly after t ...
–
Indonesian Navy The Indonesian Navy ( id, Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut, , Indonesian National Military-Naval Force, TNI-AL) is the naval branch of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. It was founded on 10 September 1945 and has a role to patrol In ...
submarine
KRI Nanggala (402) KRI ''Nanggala'' (402), also known as ''Nanggala II'', was one of two Type 209/1300 diesel-electric attack submarines of the Indonesian Navy. Ordered in 1977, ''Nanggala'' was launched in 1980 and commissioned in 1981. It conducted intellig ...
sinks in the
Bali Sea The Bali Sea ( id, Laut Bali) is the body of water north of the island of Bali and south of Kangean Island in Indonesia. The sea forms the south-west part of the Flores Sea, and the Madura Strait opens into it from the west. Geography The Bali ...
during a military drill, killing all 53 on board.


Births


Pre-1600

*
1132 Year 1132 ( MCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Levant * Summer – Imad al-Din Zengi, Seljuk governor (''atabeg'') of Aleppo and Mosul, marche ...
– Sancho VI,
king of Navarre This is a list of the kings and queens of kingdom of Pamplona, Pamplona, later kingdom of Navarre, Navarre. Pamplona was the primary name of the kingdom until its union with Kingdom of Aragon, Aragon (1076–1134). However, the territorial desig ...
(d. 1194) *
1488 __NOTOC__ Year 1488 ( MCDLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 8 – The Royal Netherlands Navy is formed, by the decree of Maximillian of Austria. * February 3 ...
–
Ulrich von Hutten Ulrich von Hutten (21 April 1488 – 29 August 1523) was a German knight, scholar, poet and satirist, who later became a follower of Martin Luther and a Protestant reformer. By 1519, he was an outspoken critic of the Roman Catholic Church. Hut ...
, German religious reformer (d. 1523) *
1523 Year 1523 ( MDXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 20 – Christian II is forced to abdicate as King of Denmark and Norway. ...
–
Marco Antonio Bragadin Marco Antonio Bragadin, also Marcantonio Bragadin (21 April 1523 – 17 August 1571), was a Venetian lawyer and military officer of the Republic of Venice. Bragadin joined the ''Fanti da Mar'' Corps or marines of the Republic of Venice. In 1569, ...
, Venetian lawyer and military officer (d. 1571) *
1555 Year 1555 ( MDLV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 22 – The Kingdom of Ava in Upper Burma falls. * February 2 – The Diet o ...
–
Ludovico Carracci Ludovico (or Lodovico) Carracci (21 April 1555 – 13 November 1619) was an Italian, early- Baroque painter, etcher, and printmaker born in Bologna. His works are characterized by a strong mood invoked by broad gestures and flickering light t ...
, Italian painter and etcher (d. 1619)


1601–1900

*
1619 Events January–June * January 12 – James I of England's Banqueting House, Whitehall in London is destroyed by fire."Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Co ...
–
Jan van Riebeeck Johan Anthoniszoon "Jan" van Riebeeck (21 April 1619 – 18 January 1677) was a Dutch navigator and colonial administrator of the Dutch East India Company. Life Early life Jan van Riebeeck was born in Culemborg, as the son of a surgeon. H ...
, Dutch founder of
Cape Town Cape Town ( af, Kaapstad; , xh, iKapa) is one of South Africa's three capital cities, serving as the seat of the Parliament of South Africa. It is the legislative capital of the country, the oldest city in the country, and the second larges ...
(d. 1677) * 1630 –
Pieter Gerritsz van Roestraten Pieter Gerritsz van Roestraten (21 April 1630 – 10 July 1700) was a Dutch painter of still lifes, in particular floral and vanitas still lifes. He also painted genre scenes and portraits. After starting his career in Haarlem, he worked mo ...
, Dutch-English painter (d. 1700) *
1631 Events January–March * January 23 – Thirty Years' War: Sweden and France sign the Treaty of Bärwalde, a military alliance in which France provides funds for the Swedish army invading northern Germany. * February 5 &nda ...
–
Francesco Maidalchini Francesco Maidalchini (21 April 1631 – 13 June 1700) was an Italian people, Italian Cardinal (Catholicism), Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Early life Maidalchini was born 12 April 1631 in Viterbo, the son of Andrea Maidalchini and P ...
, Catholic cardinal (d. 1700) * 1642 –
Simon de la Loubère Simon de la Loubère (; 21 April 1642 – 26 March 1729) was a French diplomat to Siam (Thailand), writer, mathematician and poet. He is credited with bringing back a document which introduced Europe to Indian astronomy, the "Siamese method" ...
, French mathematician, poet, and diplomat (d. 1729) *
1651 Events January–March * January 1 – Charles II is crowned King of Scots at Scone ( his first crowning). * January 24 – Parliament of Boroa in Chile: Spanish and Mapuche authorities meet at Boroa, renewing the fragil ...
–
Joseph Vaz Joseph Vaz ( Konkani: ''San Zuze Vaza''; pt, São José Vaz; kn, ಪವಿತ್ರಾ ಯೋಸೆಫ್ ವಾಸ್ ಸಂತರು ''Pavitra Yoseph Vaz Santaru''; ta, புனித யோசேப் வாஸ் முனிவர் ...
, Sri Lankan priest, missionary, and saint (d. 1711) *
1652 Events January–March * January 8 – Michiel de Ruyter marries the widow Anna van Gelder and plans retirement, but months later becomes a vice-commodore in the First Anglo-Dutch War. * February 4 – At Edinburgh, the p ...
–
Michel Rolle Michel Rolle (21 April 1652 – 8 November 1719) was a French mathematician. He is best known for Rolle's theorem (1691). He is also the co-inventor in Europe of Gaussian elimination (1690). Life Rolle was born in Ambert, Basse-Auvergne. Rol ...
, French mathematician and academic (d. 1719) *
1671 Events January–March * January 1 – The Criminal Ordinance of 1670, the first attempt at a uniform code of criminal procedure in France, goes into effect after having been passed on August 26, 1670. * January 5 – The ...
– John Law, Scottish economist (d. 1729) *
1673 Events January–March * January 22 – Impostor Mary Carleton is hanging, hanged at Newgate Prison in London, for multiple thefts and returning from penal transportation. * February 10 – Molière's ''comédie-ballet'' '' ...
– Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1742) *
1713 Events January–March * January 17 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore leads the Carolina militia out of Albemarle County, North Carolina, in a second offensive against the Tuscarora. Heavy snows force the troops to take re ...
– Louis de Noailles, French general (d. 1793) *1730 – Antonín Kammel, Czech violinist and composer (d. 1788) *1752 – Pierre-Alexandre-Laurent Forfait, French engineer, hydrographer, and politician, List of Naval Ministers of France, French Minister of Marine and the Colonies (d. 1807) * 1752 – Humphry Repton, English gardener and author (d. 1818) *1774 – Jean-Baptiste Biot, French physicist, astronomer, and mathematician (d. 1862) *1775 – Alexander Anderson (illustrator), Alexander Anderson, Scottish-American illustrator and engraver (d. 1870) *1783 – Reginald Heber, English priest (d. 1821) ; re-printed 2015 by Facsimile Publisher and distributed by Gyan Books, New Delhi. *1790 – Manuel Blanco Encalada, Spanish-Chilean admiral and politician, 1st President of Chile (d. 1876) *1810 – John Putnam Chapin, American politician, 10th Mayor of Chicago (d. 1864) *1811 – Alson Sherman, American merchant and politician, 8th Mayor of Chicago (d. 1903) *1814 – Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts, English art collector and philanthropist (d. 1906) *1816 – Charlotte Brontë, English novelist and poet (d. 1855) *1837 – Fredrik Bajer, Danish lieutenant and politician, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1922) *1838 – John Muir, Scottish-American environmentalist and author (d. 1914) *1854 – William Stang, German-American bishop (d. 1907) *1864 – Max Weber, German economist and sociologist (d. 1920) *1868 – Alfred Henry Maurer, American painter (d. 1932) * 1868 – Mary Rogers Miller, American author and educator (d. 1971) *1870 – Edwin Stanton Porter, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1941) *1874 – Vincent Scotto, French composer and actor (d. 1952) *1882 – Percy Williams Bridgman, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1961) *1885 – Tatu Kolehmainen, Finnish runner (d. 1967) *1887 – Joe McCarthy (manager), Joe McCarthy, American baseball manager (d. 1978) *1889 – Marcel Boussac, French businessman (d. 1980) * 1889 – Paul Karrer, Russian-Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971) * 1889 – Efrem Zimbalist, Efrem Zimbalist, Sr., Russian-American violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 1985) *1892 – Freddie Dixon, English motorcycle racer and racing driver (d. 1956) *1893 – Romeo Bertini, Italian runner (d. 1973) *
1898 Events January–March * January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, B ...
– Maurice Wilson, English soldier, pilot, and mountaineer (d. 1934) *1899 – Randall Thompson, American composer and academic (d. 1984)


1901–present

*1903 – Luis Saslavsky, Argentinian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1995) *1904 – Jean Hélion, French painter (d. 1987) * 1904 – Odilo Globocnik, Italian-Austrian SS officer (d. 1945) *1905 – Pat Brown, American lawyer and politician, 32nd Governor of California (d. 1996) *1911 – Ivan Combe, American businessman, developed Clearasil (d. 2000) * 1911 – Kemal Satır, Turkish physician and politician (d. 1991) *1912 – Eve Arnold, Russian-American photojournalist (d. 2012) * 1912 – Marcel Camus, French director and screenwriter (d. 1982) *1913 – Norman Parkinson, English photographer (d. 1990) *
1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It also saw the first airline to provide schedule ...
– Angelo Savoldi, Italian-American wrestler and promoter, co-founded International World Class Championship Wrestling (d. 2013) *1915 – Garrett Hardin, American ecologist, author, and academic (d. 2003) * 1915 – Anthony Quinn, Mexican-American actor (d. 2001) *1916 – Estella B. Diggs, American businesswoman and politician (d. 2013) *
1918 This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events ...
– Eddy Christiani, Dutch singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2016) *1919 – Don Cornell, American singer (d. 2004) * 1919 – Roger Doucet, Canadian tenor (d. 1981) * 1919 – Licio Gelli, Italian financer (d. 2015) *1922 – Alistair MacLean, Scottish novelist and screenwriter (d. 1987) * 1922 – Allan Watkins, Welsh-English cricketer (d. 2011) *1923 – John Mortimer, English lawyer and author (d. 2009) *1924 – Ira Louvin, American singer-songwriter and mandolin player (d. 1965) *1925 – Anthony Mason (judge), Anthony Mason, Australian soldier and judge, 9th Chief Justice of Australia * 1925 – John Swinton of Kimmerghame, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Berwickshire (d. 2018) *
1926 Events January * January 3 – Theodoros Pangalos (general), Theodoros Pangalos declares himself dictator in Greece. * January 8 **Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud is crowned King of Kingdom of Hejaz, Hejaz. ** Bảo Đại, Crown Prince Nguyễn P ...
– Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom and List of titles and honours of Queen Elizabeth II, her other realms (d. 2022) * 1926 – Arthur Rowley, English footballer, manager and cricketer (d. 2002) *1927 – Ahmed Arif, Turkish poet and author (d. 1991) *1928 – Jack Evans (ice hockey), Jack Evans, Welsh-Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1996) *1930 – Hilda Hilst, Brazilian author, poet, and playwright (d. 2004) * 1930 – Silvana Mangano, Italian actress (d. 1989) * 1930 – Dieter Roth, German-Swiss illustrator and sculptor (d. 1998) * 1930 – Jack Taylor (referee), Jack Taylor, English footballer and referee (d. 2012) *1931 – Morgan Wootten, American high school basketball coach (d. 2020) *1932 – Slide Hampton, African-American trombonist and composer * 1932 – Elaine May, American actress, comedian, director, and screenwriter * 1932 – Angela Mortimer, English tennis player *1933 – Edelmiro Amante, Filipino lawyer and politician (d. 2013) * 1933 – Easley Blackwood, Jr., American pianist, composer, and educator * 1933 – Ignatius Zakka I Iwas, Iraqi patriarch (d. 2014) *1935 – Charles Grodin, American actor and talk show host (d. 2021) * 1935 – Thomas Kean, American academic and politician, 48th Governor of New Jersey *1936 – James Dobson, American evangelist, psychologist, and author, founded Focus on the Family * 1936 – Reg Fleming, Canadian-American ice hockey player (d. 2009) *1937 – Gary Peters (baseball), Gary Peters, American baseball player * 1937 – Ben Zinn, Israeli-born American academic and former international soccer player *1939 – John McCabe (composer), John McCabe, English pianist and composer (d. 2015) * 1939 – Sister Helen Prejean, American nun, activist, and author * 1939 – Reni Santoni, American actor (d. 2020) *1940 – Jacques Caron, Canadian ice hockey player and coach * 1940 – Souleymane Cissé (film director), Souleymane Cissé, Malian director, producer, and screenwriter *1941 – David L. Boren, American lawyer and politician, 21st Governor of Oklahoma *1942 – Geoffrey Palmer (politician), Geoffrey Palmer, New Zealand politician, 33rd Prime Minister of New Zealand *
1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. Januar ...
– Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan, Indian cricketer and umpire * 1945 – Mark Wainberg, Canadian researcher and HIV/AIDS activist (d. 2017) * 1945 – Diana Darvey, English actress, singer and dancer (d. 2000) *1947 – Al Bumbry, American baseball player * 1947 – Iggy Pop, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actor * 1947 – John Weider, English bass player *
1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...
– Gary Condit, American businessman and politician * 1948 – Paul Davis (singer), Paul Davis, American singer-songwriter and musician (d. 2008) * 1948 – Josef Flammer, Swiss ophthalmologist * 1948 – Dieter Fromm, German runner *1949 – Patti LuPone, American actress and singer *1950 – Shivaji Satam, Indian actor *1951 – Tony Danza, American actor and producer * 1951 – Michael Freedman, American mathematician and academic * 1951 – Bob Varsha, American sportscaster * 1951 – Steve Vickers (ice hockey), Steve Vickers, Canadian ice hockey player *
1952 Events January–February * January 26 – Cairo Fire, Black Saturday in Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses. * February 6 ** Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh ...
– Gerald Early, American author and academic * 1952 – Cheryl Gillan, British businesswoman and politician, Secretary of State for Wales (d. 2021) *1953 – John Brumby, Australian politician, 45th Premier of Victoria *1954 – Ebiet G. Ade, Indonesian singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1954 – James Morrison (actor), James Morrison, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter *1955 – Murathan Mungan, Turkish author, poet, and playwright *1956 – Peter Kosminsky, English director, producer, and screenwriter * 1956 – Phillip Longman, German-American demographer and journalist *1957 – Hervé Le Tellier, French linguist and author * 1957 – Herbert Wetterauer, German painter, sculptor, and author * 1958 – Andie MacDowell, American model, actress, and producer * 1958 – Yoshito Usui, Japanese illustrator (d. 2009) * 1958 – Michael Zarnock, American author *1959 – Tim Jacobus, American illustrator and painter * 1959 – Robert Smith (musician), Robert Smith, English singer-songwriter and guitarist *1961 – David Servan-Schreiber, French physician, neuroscientist, and author (d. 2011) *
1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndo ...
– Fiona Kelleghan, American academic, critic and librarian *1969 – Toby Stephens, English actor *1971 – Michael Turner (comics), Michael Turner, American author and illustrator (d. 2008) *1973 – Steve Backshall, English naturalist, writer, and television presenter *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrati ...
– Gyula Koi, Hungarian scholar and educator *1979 – Virginie Basselot, French chef * 1979 – James McAvoy, Scottish actor *1980 – Tony Romo, American football player and announcer *1983 – Tarvaris Jackson, American football player (d. 2020) *1988 – Ricky Berens, American swimmer * 1988 – Jencarlos Canela, American singer-songwriter and actor * 1996 – Arianne Hartono, Dutch tennis player


Deaths


Pre-1600

* 234 – Emperor Xian of Han, Chinese emperor (b. 181) * 586 – Liuvigild, king of the Visigoths * 847 – Odgar, Frankish archbishop of Mainz * 866 – Bardas, ''de facto'' regent of the Byzantine Empire * 941 – Bajkam, ''de facto'' regent of the Abbasid Caliphate *1073 – Pope Alexander II *1109 – Anselm of Canterbury, Italian-English archbishop and saint (b. 1033) *1136 – Stephen, Count of Tréguier Breton noblemen (b. c. 1058/62) *1142 – Peter Abelard, French philosopher and theologian (b. 1079) *1213 – Maria of Montpellier, Lady of Montpellier, Queen of Aragon (b. 1182) *1329 – Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1282) *1400 – John Wittlebury, English politician (b. 1333) *1509 – Henry VII of England (b. 1457) *1557 – Petrus Apianus, German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1495) *1574 – Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1519) *1591 – Sen no Rikyū, Japanese exponent of the tea ceremony (b. 1522)


1601–1900

*1650 – Yagyū Jūbei Mitsuyoshi, Japanese samurai (b. 1607) *1668 – Jan Boeckhorst, Flemish painter (b. c. 1604) *1699 – Jean Racine, French playwright and poet (b. 1639) *1719 – Philippe de La Hire, French mathematician and astronomer (b. 1640) *1720 – Antoine Hamilton, Irish-French soldier and author (b. 1646) *1722 – Robert Beverley, Jr., English historian and author (b. 1673) *1736 – Prince Eugene of Savoy (b. 1663) *1740 – Thomas Tickell, English poet and author (b. 1685) *1758 – Francesco Zerafa, Maltese architect (b. 1679) *1815 – Joseph Winston, American soldier and politician (b. 1746) *1825 – Johann Friedrich Pfaff, German mathematician and academic (b. 1765) *1852 – Ivan Nabokov, Russian general (b. 1787) *1863 – Sir Robert Bateson, 1st Baronet, Irish politician (b. 1782) *1900 – Vikramatji Khimojiraj, Indian ruler (b. 1819)


1901–present

*1910 – Mark Twain, American novelist, humorist, and critic (b. 1835) *
1918 This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events ...
–
Manfred von Richthofen Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen (; 2 May 1892 – 21 April 1918), known in English as Baron von Richthofen or the Red Baron, was a fighter pilot with the German Air Force during World War I. He is considered the ace-of-aces of t ...
, German captain and pilot (b. 1892) *1924 – Eleonora Duse, Italian actress (b. 1858) *1930 – Robert Bridges, English poet and author (b. 1844) *1932 – Friedrich Gustav Piffl, Bohemian cardinal (b. 1864) *1938 – Allama Muhammad Iqbal, Pakistani National philosopher and poet (b. 1877) *1941 – Fritz Manteuffel, German gymnast (b. 1875) *
1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. Januar ...
– Walter Model, German field marshal (b. 1891) *1946 – John Maynard Keynes, English economist and philosopher (b. 1883) *
1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...
– Aldo Leopold, American ecologist and author (b. 1887) *
1952 Events January–February * January 26 – Cairo Fire, Black Saturday in Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses. * February 6 ** Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh ...
– Leslie Banks, American actor, director and producer (b. 1890) *1954 – Emil Leon Post, Polish-American mathematician and logician (b. 1897) *1956 – Charles MacArthur, American playwright and screenwriter (b. 1895) *
1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndo ...
– Edward Victor Appleton, English-Scottish physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892) *1971 – François Duvalier, Haitian physician and politician, 40th President of Haiti (b. 1907) *1973 – Arthur Fadden, Australian accountant and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1894) * 1973 – Kemal Tahir, Turkish journalist and author (b. 1910) *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrati ...
– Gummo Marx, American vaudevillian and talent agent (b. 1893) *1978 – Sandy Denny, English singer-songwriter (b. 1947) * 1978 – Thomas Wyatt Turner, American biologist and academic (b. 1877) *1980 – Alexander Oparin, Russian biochemist and academic (b. 1894) * 1980 – Sohrab Sepehri, Iranian poet and painter (b. 1928) *1983 – Walter Slezak, Austrian-American actor and singer (b. 1902) *1984 – Marcel Janco, Romanian-Israeli artist (b. 1895) * 1984 – Hristo Prodanov, Bulgarian engineer and mountaineer (b. 1943) *
1985 The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** The Internet's Domain Name System is created. ** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
– Rudi Gernreich, Austrian-American fashion designer, created the monokini (b. 1922) * 1985 – Tancredo Neves, Brazilian banker and politician, Prime Minister of Brazil (b. 1910) *1986 – Marjorie Eaton, American painter and actress (b. 1901) * 1986 – Salah Jahin, Egyptian poet, playwright, and composer (b. 1930) *
1987 File:1987 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes after leaving the Port of Zeebrugge in Belgium, killing 193; Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashes after takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Airpor ...
– Gustav Bergmann, Austrian-American philosopher from the Vienna Circle (b. 1906) *1990 – Erté, Russian-French illustrator (b. 1892) *1991 – Willi Boskovsky, Austrian violinist and conductor (b. 1909) *1992 – Väinö Linna, Finnish author (b. 1920) *1996 – Abdul Hafeez Kardar, Pakistani cricketer (b. 1925) * 1996 – Jimmy Snyder (sports commentator), Jimmy Snyder, American sportscaster (b. 1919) *1998 – Jean-François Lyotard, French sociologist and philosopher (b. 1924) *1999 – Buddy Rogers (actor), Buddy Rogers, American actor (b. 1904) *2003 – Nina Simone, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and activist (b. 1933) *
2010 File:2010 Events Collage New.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2010 Chile earthquake was one of the strongest recorded in history; The Eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland disrupts air travel in Europe; A scene from the opening ceremony of ...
– Gustav Lorentzen, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1947) * 2010 – Juan Antonio Samaranch, Spanish businessman, seventh President of the International Olympic Committee (b. 1920) * 2010 – Kanagaratnam Sriskandan, Sri Lankan-English engineer and civil servant (b. 1930) *2011 – Catharina Halkes, Dutch theologian and academic (b. 1920) *
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
– Doris Betts, American author and academic (b. 1932) *2013 – Shakuntala Devi, Indian mathematician and astrologer (b. 1929) * 2013 – Leopold Engleitner, Austrian Holocaust survivor, author, and educator (b. 1905) *
2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
– George H. Heilmeier, American engineer (b. 1936) * 2014 – Win Tin, Burmese journalist and politician, co-founded the National League for Democracy (b. 1930) *2016 – Prince (musician), Prince, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor (b. 1958) *2017 – Ugo Ehiogu, English footballer (b. 1972) *2018 – Nabi Tajima, Japanese supercentenarian (b. 1900) *
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
– Polly Higgins, Scottish barrister, author and environmental lobbyist (b. 1968)


Holidays and observances

* Christian Calendar of saints, feast day: **Abdecalas **Anastasius Sinaita **Anselm of Canterbury **Beuno **Conrad of Parzham **Holy Infant of Good Health **Shemon Bar Sabbae **Wolbodo **April 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *Civil Services of India#Civil Services Day, Civil Service Day (India) * Grounation Day (Rastafari) *Public holidays in Mexico#Civic holidays, Heroic Defense of Veracruz (Mexico) *Public holidays in North Korea, Kang Pan-sok's Birthday (North Korea) *Kartini Day (Indonesia) *Public holidays in Russia, Local Self Government Day (Russia) *National Tea Day (United Kingdom) *Arbor day#Kenya, National Tree Planting Day (Kenya) *San Jacinto Day (Texas) *King's Official Birthday#Other countries and territories, Queen or King's Official Birthday (Falkland Islands) *Public holidays in Brazil, Tiradentes' Day (Brazil) *Vietnam Book Day (Vietnam)


References


Sources

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External links


BBC: On This Day
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Historical Events on April 21
{{months Days of the year April