General elections were held in

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

on 2 June 2024. Voters elected a new

president President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...

to serve a six-year term, all 500 members of the

Chamber of Deputies The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures. Description Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourb ...

, and all 128 members of the Senate of the Republic. These elections took place concurrently with the 2024 state elections.

Claudia Sheinbaum Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo (born 24 June 1962) is a Mexican politician, energy and climate change scientist, and academic who has served as the 66th president of Mexico since 2024. She is the List of elected and appointed female heads of state and ...

, a member of the

left-wing Left-wing politics describes the range of Ideology#Political ideologies, political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy either as a whole or of certain social ...

political party Morena, was widely regarded by her party as the top contender to succeed President

Andrés Manuel López Obrador Andrés Manuel López Obrador (; born 13 November 1953), also known by his initials AMLO, is a Mexican former politician, political scientist, public administrator and writer who served as the 65th president of Mexico from 2018 to 2024. He se ...

and ultimately secured the nomination of the ruling coalition, Sigamos Haciendo Historia. Xóchitl Gálvez emerged as the frontrunner of

Fuerza y Corazón por México Fuerza y Corazón por México (), previously called the Broad Front for Mexico (), was a big tent political coalition formed by three Mexican political parties: the conservative National Action Party (PAN), the catch-all Institutional Revolutio ...

following a surge in popularity due to criticisms from López Obrador. Citizens' Movement, the only national party without a coalition, nominated Jorge Máynez. This was the first general election in Mexico's history in which most contenders for the country's presidency were women. Sheinbaum won the presidential election by a landslide margin of over 33 points, becoming the first woman and the first person of

Jewish Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...

descent to be elected president of Mexico. She was also the first Jewish woman elected head of state in Latin America. The election saw Sheinbaum receiving the highest number of votes ever recorded for a candidate in Mexican history, surpassing López Obrador's record of 30.1 million votes from 2018. Sheinbaum was officially sworn into office on 1 October 2024. In the legislative elections, the Sigamos Haciendo Historia coalition won a

supermajority A supermajority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level of support which is greater than the threshold of one-half used for a simple majority. Supermajority rules in a democracy can help to prevent a majority from eroding fun ...

in the Chamber of Deputies, securing 73% of the seats, the highest share for a party or coalition since

1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street Bridge in Washington, D.C. ...

. The alliance fell three seats short of a supermajority in the Senate, but defections by the two senators elected for the PRD on 28 August closed the shortfall to one; the supermajority was ultimately secured with the defection to Morena of Cynthia López, elected for the PRI in Mexico City, on 12 November.

Background

Political background

In the 2018 election,

, a three-time presidential candidate and founder of the

National Regeneration Movement The National Regeneration Movement (), commonly referred to by its syllabic abbreviation Morena (), is a major left-wing political party in Mexico, often described as oscillating between social democracy and populism. As of 2023, it is the la ...

(Morena), ran as the candidate of the

Juntos Haremos Historia Juntos Haremos Historia () was a Mexican political coalition encompassing the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), Labor Party (Mexico), Labor Party (PT), and Social Encounter Party (PES), the latter of which was consequently absorbed into th ...

alliance, which included Morena, the Labor Party (PT), and the Social Encounter Party (PES). He won in a landslide, securing 54.71% of the vote and defeating his closest rival, Ricardo Anaya of the Por México al Frente coalition, by nearly 31 percentage points. The Juntos Haremos Historia alliance also secured majorities in the

and the

Senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...

. As president, López Obrador expanded the Mexican welfare state with programs aimed at the elderly and low-income students, raised the minimum wage significantly, and invested heavily in infrastructure projects such as the

Tren Maya Tren Maya (Yucatec Maya: , sometimes also Mayan Train or Maya Train) is a inter-city railway in Mexico that traverses the Yucatán Peninsula. Construction began in June 2020 and the Campeche–Cancún section began operation on December 15, 202 ...

and the

Felipe Ángeles International Airport Felipe Ángeles International Airport , also known as Mexico City Felipe Ángeles International Airport or simply Mexico City-AIFA, is an international airport located in Zumpango, State of Mexico, north of Mexico City. Originally named Santa ...

. He combatted corruption by implementing

austerity In economic policy, austerity is a set of Political economy, political-economic policies that aim to reduce government budget deficits through Government spending, spending cuts, tax increases, or a combination of both. There are three prim ...

measures, including salary caps, budget cuts across the government, and the dismissal of numerous government employees. While his administration achieved a poverty reduction, it faced accusations of

democratic backsliding Democratic backsliding or autocratization is a process of regime change toward autocracy in which the exercise of political power becomes more arbitrary and repressive. The process typically restricts the space for public contest and politi ...

and undermining institutional independence, including frequent attacks on journalists and judges during his morning press conferences and questioning the necessity of independent public agencies such as the INE and INAI. His term was also marked as one of the bloodiest in Mexico's history—although the homicide rate declined, the total number of deaths exceeded those recorded under any previous administration. During the 2021 elections, party alliances shifted significantly. The National Action Party (PAN), the

Institutional Revolutionary Party The Institutional Revolutionary Party (, , PRI) is a List of political parties in Mexico, political party in Mexico that was founded in 1929 as the National Revolutionary Party (, PNR), then as the Party of the Mexican Revolution (, PRM) and fin ...

(PRI), and the

Party of the Democratic Revolution The Party of the Democratic Revolution (, , PRD) is a state-level social democracy, social democratic political party in Mexico (previously national, until 2024). The PRD originated from the Democratic Current, a political faction formed in 198 ...

(PRD) formed a big-tent coalition to challenge Morena's growing dominance. While

Juntos Hacemos Historia Juntos Hacemos Historia () was a Mexican electoral alliance formed by the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), the Labor Party (Mexico), Labor Party (PT), and the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM) to compete in the 2021 Mexican legislativ ...

, an alliance of Morena, the PT, and the

Ecologist Green Party of Mexico The Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (, , PVEM or PVE) is a green political party in Mexico. Founded in 1986, the party is associated with Jorge González Torres and his son Jorge Emilio González Martínez. It has seldom gotten more than 10% of ...

(PVEM), lost its

in the Chamber of Deputies, it achieved significant success in

local elections Local may refer to: Geography and transportation * Local (train), a train serving local traffic demand * Local, Missouri, a community in the United States Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Local'' (comics), a limited series comic book by Bria ...

, flipping numerous governorships. López Obrador remained highly popular throughout his presidency, consistently maintaining a 60% approval rating, making him one of the most popular leaders globally.

Political violence

Political violence in Mexico typically escalates during election season, with candidates often facing threats, abductions, assaults, or assassinations. While this violence is most common at the municipal level, it can also occur at the federal level. During the 2021 elections, 102 politicians were killed, including 36 who were nominees or candidates for public office. By January 2024, before the campaigning period started, multiple aspiring candidates for political office had been killed. The government provided security guards to around 560 candidates and election officials. Around 27,000

Armed Forces A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. Militaries are typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with their members identifiable by a ...

and

National Guard National guard is the name used by a wide variety of current and historical uniformed organizations in different countries. The original National Guard was formed during the French Revolution around a cadre of defectors from the French Guards. ...

personnel were deployed to secure the electoral process. By May 2024, the candidate death toll had risen to 37.

Electoral system

The

National Electoral Institute The Instituto Nacional Electoral (INE) (Spanish for ''National Electoral Institute'') (formerly Federal Electoral Institute) (, IFE) is an autonomous, public agency responsible for organizing federal elections in Mexico, that is, those relat ...

(INE) oversees federal elections in Mexico. Its responsibilities include organizing election day logistics, producing and distributing electoral materials, counting votes, and certifying the election results. Voters must present their voter ID at polling stations to cast their ballots. Voters with physical limitations or disabilities and voters in preventive detention can vote in advance, with electoral materials sent to the voter. Mexican citizens residing abroad who maintain their political rights can vote by registering in the Electoral Roll for Citizens Residing Abroad and casting their votes at an embassy, electronically, or by mail. On 30 April 2024, the INE announced that there were 98,329,591 registered voters in Mexico, 187,388 registered voters abroad, 30,391 registered voters in preventive detention, and 4,002 registered for early voting.

Presidential election

The president is elected by

plurality voting Plurality voting refers to electoral systems in which the candidates in an electoral district who poll more than any other (that is, receive a plurality) are elected. Under single-winner plurality voting, and in systems based on single-member ...

in a single round; there is no provision for a second run-off round. Article 83 of the

Mexican Constitution The current Constitution of Mexico, formally the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States (), was drafted in Santiago de Querétaro, in the State of Querétaro, Mexico, by a constituent convention during the Mexican Revolution. I ...

limits the president to a single six-year term, called a '' sexenio''; no one who has served as president, even on a caretaker basis, may run for or serve in the office again. The new president will be sworn in on 1 October.

Legislative elections

The 500 members of the

are elected in two ways: 300 are elected in

single-member constituencies A single-member district or constituency is an electoral district represented by a single officeholder. It contrasts with a Multiwinner voting, multi-member district, which is represented by multiple officeholders. In some countries, such as ...

by plurality vote, and the remaining 200 are elected by

proportional representation Proportional representation (PR) refers to any electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to political divisions (Political party, political parties) amon ...

in five multi-member districts, with seats divided according to Hamilton's method. No party is permitted to hold more than 300 seats. Deputies are elected for three-year terms and will serve in the 66th Congress. The 128 members of the

are also elected in two ways: 96 are elected in 32 three-seat constituencies based on the country's

states State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a ...

, and the remaining 32 in a single nationwide constituency by

. In the three-seat constituencies, two seats are allocated to the party or coalition receiving the most votes (''mayoría relativa'') and one seat to the party or coalition receiving the second-highest votes (''primera minoría''). Senators are elected for six-year terms and will serve in the 66th and 67th Congresses.

Redistricting

In December 2022, the INE redistributed the country's 300 electoral districts, making this the first election with the new boundaries. Minor adjustments were also made to the five multi-member constituencies, affecting the states of Hidalgo and

Querétaro Querétaro, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Querétaro, is one of the Political divisions of Mexico, 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into Municipalities of Querétaro, 18 municipalities. Its capital city is Querétaro Cit ...

Newly created seats

Seven new districts were created. # Baja California's 9th # Coahuila's 8th # Nuevo León's 13th # Nuevo León's 14th # Puebla's 16th # Querétaro's 6th # Yucatán's 6th

Seats eliminated

Seven districts were eliminated. # Mexico City's 23rd # Mexico City's 24th # Guerrero's 9th # State of Mexico's 41st # Michoacán's 12th # Tamaulipas's 9th # Veracruz's 20th

Political parties and coalitions

Seven national political parties were registered with the INE and were eligible to participate in the federal elections: the National Action Party (PAN), the

(PRI), the

(PRD), the Labor Party (PT), the

(PVEM), Citizens' Movement (MC) and the

(Morena). The General Law of Political Parties stipulates that national political parties can form coalitions for elections by submitting a coalition agreement to the electoral authority. Parties cannot join coalitions in their first election. All parties were eligible to join an alliance in this election. Parties failing to reach 3% of the popular vote in the presidential or legislative elections will lose their registration as a national political party.

Summary

Sigamos Haciendo Historia

Sigamos Haciendo Historia ("Let's Keep Making History") was established on 19 November 2023 as the direct successor to

, encompassing the

(Morena), the Labor Party (PT), and the

(PVEM).

Fuerza y Corazón por México

On 26 June 2023, the leaders of the constituent parties of Va por México, a

big tent A big tent party, or catch-all party, is a political party having members covering a broad spectrum of beliefs. This is in contrast to other kinds of parties, which defend a determined ideology, seek voters who adhere to that ideology, and att ...

opposition coalition, announced the formation of Frente Amplio por México ("Broad Front for Mexico"). Comprising the National Action Party (PAN), the

(PRI), and the

(PRD), the grouping was created to select a presidential nominee. On 29 August 2023, Dante Delgado, the party leader of Citizens' Movement, ruled out joining Frente Amplio por México. On 20 November 2023, the grouping registered as a coalition under the name

("Strength and Heart for Mexico"), composed of the same parties.

Presidential candidates

Sigamos Haciendo Historia

On 11 June 2023,

, the predecessor coalition to Sigamos Haciendo Historia, announced an internal selection process to select a presumptive presidential nominee. To prevent the misuse of power, the alliance required prospective candidates to resign from their government positions before standing for nomination. The selection process was based on five opinion polls, with four conducted by polling firms suggested by the candidates and one conducted by the coalition. The polls were conducted from 28 August to 4 September.

Marcelo Ebrard Marcelo Luis Ebrard Casaubón (; born 10 October 1959) is a Mexicans, Mexican politician who has served as the Secretariat of Economy, secretary of economy since 2024. He previously served as Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Mexico), Secretary of ...

, secretary of foreign affairs, was the first to register as a candidate, followed by

Head of Government of Mexico City The head of government () wields executive power in Mexico City. The head of government serves a six-year term, running concurrently with that of the president of the Republic. Mexico City, or CDMX, is the seat of national government, and is l ...

. Other candidates included Adán Augusto López, Gerardo Fernández Noroña, Ricardo Monreal, and Manuel Velasco. On 6 September 2023, Sheinbaum was declared the winner and was later confirmed as the presumptive nominee. On 19 November 2023, the day Sigamos Haciendo Historia was officially registered as a coalition, it designated Sheinbaum as its presidential nominee. Sheinbaum formally registered her candidacy at the INE on 18 February 2024. Nominee *

(2018–2023) and Mayor of

Tlalpan Tlalpan ( , 'place on the earth') is a Boroughs of Mexico City, borough (''demarcación territorial'') in Mexico City. It is the largest borough, with over 80% under conservation as forest and other ecologically sensitive area. The rest, almost al ...

(2015–2017)

Fuerza y Corazón por México

Frente Amplio por México required prospective candidates to gather 150,000 signatures, including at least 1,000 signatures from 17 of the country's 32 states. The selection process then included a series of polls to narrow the field, with the first one, conducted from 11 to 14 August, aimed to identify the top three candidates. A second poll was scheduled for 27–30 August, contributing 50% of the points needed for nomination, with the remaining 50% determined through an online survey on 3 September. Thirty-three individuals registered for the race, but only thirteen were approved by the grouping. Of those, four candidates successfully gathered the required signatures: Xóchitl Gálvez, Beatriz Paredes, Santiago Creel, and Enrique de la Madrid. During the first poll, Enrique de la Madrid was eliminated. On 21 August, just before the second poll, Santiago Creel withdrew and endorsed Xóchitl Gálvez. In the second poll, Gálvez defeated Paredes by 15 points. On 31 August, the PRI officially endorsed Gálvez, effectively withdrawing its support for Paredes. Later that day, the third poll was canceled, and Gálvez was confirmed as the presumptive presidential nominee. On 20 November 2023, the day Frente Amplio por México registered as a coalition under the name Fuerza y Corazón por México, it designated Gálvez as the coalition's presidential nominee. She formally registered her candidacy at the INE on 20 February 2024. Nominee * Xóchitl Gálvez,

Senator A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or Legislative chamber, chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the Ancient Rome, ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior ...

(2018–2023) and Mayor of

Miguel Hidalgo Don Miguel Gregorio Antonio Ignacio Hidalgo y Costilla Gallaga Mandarte y Villaseñor (8 May 1753 – 30 July 1811), commonly known as Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla or simply Miguel Hidalgo (), was a Catholic priest, leader of the Mexican Wa ...

(2015–2018).

Citizens' Movement

Citizens' Movement's presidential candidate registration period was open from 3 to 12 November. The first person to register was Senator Indira Kempis Martínez, who had previously declared her intention to run for president. Seven others, including Samuel García, governor of

Nuevo León Nuevo León, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Nuevo León, is a Administrative divisions of Mexico, state in northeastern Mexico. The state borders the Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potosí, San Luis ...

, registered in the race. On 12 November,

, who had failed to be selected as the candidate for Sigamos Haciendo Historia, announced he was not seeking the party's nomination despite being courted by the party. On 17 November, the party disqualified seven out of eight candidates, leaving only Samuel García. However, on 2 December, García suspended his campaign due to a

political crisis A cabinet crisis, government crisis or political crisis refers to a situation where an incumbent government is unable to form or function, is toppled through an uprising, or collapses. Political crises may correspond with, cause or be caused by an ...

in his state over appointing an interim governor to replace him. On 9 January 2024, federal deputy Jorge Máynez was nominated as a substitute for Samuel García, with García announcing on social media that Máynez would be the party's next presidential candidate. Máynez was officially designated as the party's presidential nominee the next day. Máynez formally registered his candidacy at the INE on 22 February 2024. Nominee * Jorge Máynez, federal deputy (2021–2024, 2015–2018) and deputy of the

Congress of Zacatecas The Congress of the State of Zacatecas () is the legislative branch of the government of the List of states of Mexico, State of Zacatecas. The Congress is the governmental deliberative assembly, deliberative body of Zacatecas, which is equal to, ...

(2010–2013).

Independents

The registration deadline for individuals wishing to run for president as independent candidates (i.e., without the backing of a registered party) expired on 7 September 2023. To formalize their candidacies, independent presidential hopefuls must collect the signatures of voters endorsing them in an amount equal to 1% of the country's entire electoral roll – a total of 961,405 – distributed equally across at least 17 of the nation's states within 120 days. A total of 27 individuals informed the INE of their wish to run for the presidency as independent candidates before the deadline. By 7 September, six of them had been permitted to begin collecting signatures; the remaining 21 were given 48 hours to correct shortcomings in the documentation they had presented. The six green-lighted prospective independent candidates were Rocío Gabriela González Castañeda, Ulises Ernesto Ruiz Ortiz, César Enrique Asiain del Castillo, Hugo Eric Flores Cervantes, María Ofelia Edgar Mares, and José Eduardo Verástegui Córdoba. A further three – Fernando Mauricio Jiménez Chávez, Manuel Antonio Romo Aguirre, and Ignacio Benavente Torres – were announced on 27 September. After the 120-day deadline, the INE announced that no prospective independent candidates had successfully collected the required signatures.

Campaigns

The INE established that the campaigning period for president, senators, and federal deputies would officially begin on 1 March and conclude on 29 May, three days before the elections.

Election silence Election blackout or election silence is the practice of banning political campaigning or media coverage of a general election, before or during that election. Often, the publication of opinion polls is illegal during this time. Operation In som ...

was observed from 30 May until the polls closed on 2 June.

Issues

Security

Polling indicated that crime and violence ranked high on voters' concerns in the election. During the outgoing presidency of

, Mexico experienced one of its bloodiest periods. From 2018 to 2022, the number of intentional homicides surpassed 30,000, with the peak in 2020 at 36,773 homicides. However, since 2020, homicide rates have decreased. In 2023, homicides fell below 30,000 for the first time since 2018, totaling 29,675. Despite this decrease, the numbers remain higher than recorded between 1990 and 2017. López Obrador tackled this issue by endorsing the " hugs, not bullets" slogan and establishing the civilian-led

. Some have raised suspicions that López Obrador's administration is underreporting intentional homicides, with some cases possibly being reclassified as having undetermined intentions to bring the figure down. Xóchitl Gálvez highlighted that security would be a top priority in her government. She opposed López Obrador's "hugs, not bullets" approach. She proposed several measures to strengthen state police forces nationwide, including raising their salaries to MXN 20,000 per month, building a university for aspiring police officers, and providing state governments with increased economic resources and advanced technology to combat crime. Gálvez also suggested doubling the numbers of prosecutors and judges and the size of the National Guard, redirecting the

Secretariat of National Defense The Mexican Secretariat of National Defense (SEDENA; ) is the government department responsible for managing Mexico's Army and Air Forces. Its head is the Secretary of National Defense who, like the co-equal Secretary of the Navy, is directly answe ...

's (SEDENA) focus from public works back to national security, vowing to work closely with the United States to confront the

drug cartels A drug cartel is a criminal organization composed of independent drug lords who collude with each other in order to improve their profits and dominate the illegal drug trade. Drug cartels form with the purpose of controlling the supply of the ill ...

and to construct a new maximum security prison. Claudia Sheinbaum has expressed her commitment to replicating her success as

, where, in 2023, her policies brought down intentional homicides to their lowest level since 1989. She explained that she would follow a similar structure, emphasizing zero impunity by strengthening coordination among the National Guard, state police forces, and prosecutors and improving intelligence and investigative services. Sheinbaum also announced plans to boost the National Guard's capabilities, allowing them to increase their duties in highway monitoring and as first responders. She also stressed the judicial branch's role in bringing criminals to justice, advocating that judges be chosen by popular vote and establishing a disciplinary court to punish corrupt judges.

Social programs

President López Obrador implemented various social programs, the largest being the Pension for the Well-being of Older People (''Pensión para el Bienestar de las Personas Adultas Mayores''), targeting individuals aged 65 and above. These programs are very popular among voters. Both Xóchitl Gálvez and Claudia Sheinbaum expressed their support for the social programs established by the outgoing administration and pledged not to abolish them. Gálvez proposed reducing the age eligibility for the Pension for the Well-being of Older People from 65 to 60. Sheinbaum pledged to ensure that any increases to the pensions from all social programs will always be above the inflation rate. Sheinbaum has proposed two new social programs: one aimed at students from

preschool A preschool (sometimes spelled as pre school or pre-school), also known as nursery school, pre-primary school, play school, is an school, educational establishment or learning space offering early childhood education to children before they ...

secondary education Secondary education is the education level following primary education and preceding tertiary education. Level 2 or ''lower secondary education'' (less commonly ''junior secondary education'') is considered the second and final phase of basic e ...

and the other targeting women aged 60 to 64, where they would receive half the amount provided by the Pension for the Well-being of Older People.

Energy

López Obrador has pursued an energy sovereignty policy, seeking to prevent

Pemex Pemex (a portmanteau of Petróleos Mexicanos, which translates to ''Mexican Petroleum'' in English; ) is the Mexico, Mexican State ownership, state-owned Petroleum industry, petroleum corporation managed and operated by the government of Mexico, ...

from exporting crude oil and instead refining it in Mexico. To this end, he inaugurated a new refinery in Paraíso, Tabasco, canceled oil auctions, financed Pemex's debts, and used regulatory agencies to keep private firms off the market. Claudia Sheinbaum is committed to following López Obrador's approach, believing that the country's energy policy should have a low rate of energy imports. She has claimed to be committed to diversifying Mexico's energy matrix, particularly with renewable energies. Xóchitl Gálvez advocated for a more free-market model approach to Mexico's energy sector, proposing significant reforms to Pemex by opening it up to private investment and reinstating oil auctions and joint ventures, using

Petrobras Petróleo Brasileiro S.A., better known by and Trade name, trading as the portmanteau Petrobras (), is a Brazilian state-owned enterprise, majority state-owned multinational corporation in the petroleum industry headquartered in Rio de Janeiro. ...

as an example. She stated that she would use the oil drilled by private companies for the

petrochemical industry file:Jampilen Petrochemical Co. 02.jpg, 300px, Jampilen Petrochemical co., Asaluyeh, Iran The petrochemical industry is concerned with the production and trade of petrochemicals. A major part is constituted by the plastics industry, plastics (poly ...

and would produce electricity with renewable energies. Additionally, Gálvez emphasized the role of

natural gas Natural gas (also fossil gas, methane gas, and gas) is a naturally occurring compound of gaseous hydrocarbons, primarily methane (95%), small amounts of higher alkanes, and traces of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and helium ...

as a transitional fuel and intended to increase investments in hydrogen and solar power.

Electoral reform

President López Obrador unsuccessfully attempted to pass electoral reforms multiple times during his term. His latest proposal, unveiled on 5 February 2024 as one of twenty proposed constitutional reforms, aims to restructure the INE by reducing the number of counselors and requiring that electoral judges be elected by popular vote. Additionally, it would eliminate all seats allocated by

, reducing the

from 500 to 300 seats and the

from 128 to 64 seats. ''Fuerza y Corazón por México'' members have been critical of López Obrador's efforts to reform the electoral system and have successfully blocked previous legislative attempts, deeming them undemocratic. On 18 February 2024, the coalition organized nationwide protests, dubbed the "march for democracy", in multiple cities, with the largest one occurring at the

Zócalo Zócalo () is the common name of the town square, main square in central Mexico City. Prior to the European colonization of the Americas, colonial period, it was the main ceremonial center in the Aztecs, Aztec city of Tenochtitlan. The plaza us ...

Mexico City Mexico City is the capital city, capital and List of cities in Mexico, largest city of Mexico, as well as the List of North American cities by population, most populous city in North America. It is one of the most important cultural and finan ...

. Government figures estimate turnout at 90,000; however, organizers claim about 700,000 attendees were at the protests. Gálvez lauded the protests, asserting that Mexico's institutions would remain free from interference by authoritative figures. Sheinbaum suggested passing López Obrador's electoral reform if the outgoing administration failed to do so, supporting reducing the INE's costs, eliminating seats allocated by proportional representation, and advocating for counselors and electoral judges to be elected via popular vote. Additionally, she proposed a constitutional amendment to prevent reelection for any popularly elected position. Furthermore, she announced her willingness to subject herself to a recall election, mirroring López Obrador in 2022.

Debates

Before the campaigning period, the INE set the date and venue for the three presidential debates. According to electoral law, presidential candidates are required to take part in a minimum of two debates. Moderators were selected 30 days before the debate date. All debates were held in

and were broadcast on the INE's official YouTube channel, INETV.

First debate

The first debate was held on 7 April 2024 at the INE's headquarters. The theme of the debate was "the society we want", with questions focused on health and education, corruption and governmental transparency, discrimination against vulnerable groups, and violence against women. On 6 March, the INE selected journalists

Denise Maerker Denise Maerker Salmón (born January 8, 1965, in Mexico City, Mexico) is a Mexican journalist who anchored the flagship ''En punto'', the nightly newscast for Televisa from 2016 to 2023, and has served on the company's Board of Directors since ...

and Manuel López San Martín as moderators of the debate. The debate was the first in 18 years without López Obrador, who participated in the presidential debates during the

2006 2006 was designated as the International Year of Deserts and Desertification. Events January * January 1– 4 – Russia temporarily cuts shipment of natural gas to Ukraine during a price dispute. * January 12 – A stampede during t ...

2012 2012 was designated as: *International Year of Cooperatives *International Year of Sustainable Energy for All Events January *January 4 – The Cicada 3301 internet hunt begins. * January 12 – Peaceful protests begin in the R ...

, and

2018 Events January * January 1 – Bulgaria takes over the Presidency of the Council of the European Union, after the Estonian presidency. * January 4 – SPLM-IO rebels loyal to Chan Garang Lual start a raid against Juba, capital of ...

elections. The debate was characterized as light on proposals, with frequent personal attacks being prevalent. Gálvez was described as attempting to attack Sheinbaum whenever she had the opportunity to do so to provoke her opponent, interlacing attacks with incidents where Sheinbaum was involved, such as the collapse of the Colegio Rébsamen during the 2017 Mexico City earthquake, the Mexico City Metro overpass collapse, and the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico City. Gálvez called Sheinbaum the cold and heartless "ice lady" and stated, "You're no AMLO. You don't even have his charisma". Máynez accused Sheinbaum and Gálvez of belonging to the "old politics", highlighting that Gálvez was endorsed by the "worst PRI in history". Sheinbaum also briefly mentioned the 2024 raid on the Mexican embassy in Ecuador and praised the diplomatic staff there for their courage during the incident. Many stated there was no clear winner and the debate would not influence polling. However, some highlighted Sheinbaum's calm and disciplined demeanor throughout the debate, even amid provocations from Gálvez. Máynez was described as struggling to find footing since he was overshadowed by the two better-known candidates. López Obrador stated that "the whole narrative of the debate was not to recognize anything" done under his administration. At the same time, sources from his government said that the president was dissatisfied with Sheinbaum for not adequately defending his policies.

Second debate

The second debate was held on 28 April 2024 at

Estudios Churubusco Estudios Churubusco is one of the oldest and largest movie studios in Mexico. It is located in the Churubusco neighborhood of Mexico City. History It was inaugurated in 1945 after a 1943 agreement between RKO and Emilio Azcárraga Vidaurreta ( ...

. The theme was "the route to the development of Mexico", addressing economic growth, employment, inflation, infrastructure, poverty, climate change, and sustainable development. To ensure state inclusivity, the INE gathered questions from citizens of all 32 federal entities. On 28 March, the INE selected journalists Adriana Pérez Cañedo and Alejandro Cacho as moderators of the debate. The debate was the most watched in Mexican history, with 16.18 million viewers. Like the first debate, Gálvez was again described as the aggressor, holding placards several times while Sheinbaum spoke, prompting moderator Pérez Cañedo to reprimand her. Gálvez questioned Sheinbaum about investigating potential corruption within López Obrador's administration, including allegations involving one of the president's sons and the

illicit enrichment Illicit enrichment generally refers to a situation in which a person has enjoyed some sort of wealth that cannot or has not been justified as coming from a legitimate source of income. The exact definitions for illicit enrichment, and the terminolo ...

Rocío Nahle García Norma Rocío Nahle García (born 14 April 1964) is a Mexican politician and petrochemical engineer, and a member of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena). Currently serving as governor of Veracruz, she was the Secretary of Energy in the ...

, to which Sheinbaum challenged her to file a complaint. Throughout the debate, Sheinbaum avoided addressing Gálvez by name, referring to her instead as the "candidate of the PRIAN" and the "corrupt one"; in retaliation, Gálvez called her the "candidate of lies" and the "narco-candidate". Máynez was mostly ignored by the other candidates, which allowed him to flesh out proposals with periodic attacks on Gálvez. Some praise was also drawn to López Obrador's social programs, with Sheinbaum and Gálvez agreeing to maintain them. Many stated that the debate would not influence polling as there was no clear consensus on a winner. It was described that on social media, opinions on the winner were closely linked to views about the candidates before the debate. In Google Trends, Máynez led in average interest during the debate, although there were moments when Sheinbaum had higher peaks than Máynez.

Third debate

The third and final debate was held on 19 May 2024 at UNAM's ''Centro Cultural Universitario Tlatelolco''. The theme was "democracy and government: constructive dialogues". Questions focused on social policy, insecurity and organized crime, migration and foreign policy, democracy, pluralism, and division of powers. On 18 April 2024, the INE selected journalists Luisa Cantú Ríos, Elena Arcila, and Javier Solórzano Zinser as moderators of the debate, each respectively representing Mexico's northern, southern, and central regions. The debate's format would have initially allowed candidates to engage with each other directly. However, on 9 May, the campaigns agreed to a new format where candidates would submit questions to the moderators, who would then choose and ask them. The debate saw Claudia Sheinbaum defend López Obrador's security policy and pledge to continue tackling the Mexican drug war from a social angle. Meanwhile, Xóchitl Gálvez said that "Hugs for criminals are over", referring to López Obrador's slogan "Hugs, not bullets" and pledged to strengthen the

created by López Obrador as well as state and local police forces. Jorge Álvarez Máynez focused on youth empowerment during the debate and pledged to implement a five-day workweek and create more spaces in public universities. Many commentators criticized the debate's format and the removal of the face-to-face portion, arguing that it hindered meaningful dialogue. Opinions on the winner varied, with some finding it unclear and others declaring Sheinbaum the victor, claiming that Sheinbaum won because Gálvez had lost, as she spent too much time attacking Sheinbaum instead of presenting her proposals. Most polls indicated that Sheinbaum was perceived as the winner.

Incidents

Gaffes

In April 2024, Xóchitl Gálvez stated that people who did not own a house by the age of 60 were poor money managers before later clarifying that the words were meant solely at Claudia Sheinbaum, who lives in a rented apartment and had attacked Gálvez for the circumstances in which she acquired her home. Jorge Máynez also sparked outrage and apologized after posting a video in which he appeared to be drinking while criticizing electoral officials. On 10 May 2024, Claudia Sheinbaum said during a campaign speech in

Baja California Sur Baja California Sur, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Baja California Sur, is a state in Mexico. It is the 31st and last state to be admitted, in 1974. It is also the second least populated Mexican state and the ninth-largest state by ...

that "we are not going to reach the presidency like Andrés Manuel López Obrador did, out of personal ambition". Sheinbaum subsequently said that the phrase "could be misinterpreted" after being advised by a colleague, saying that she meant to say that López Obrador "transformed our country without personal ambitions". Xóchitl Gálvez said the incident showed a

Freudian slip In psychoanalysis, a Freudian slip, also called parapraxis, is an error in speech, memory, or physical action that occurs due to the interference of an unconscious subdued wish or internal train of thought. Classical examples involve slips of ...

on Sheinbaum's part.

Disasters

On 22 May, a stage being used by

Jorge Álvarez Máynez Jorge is the Spanish Language, Spanish and Portuguese language, Portuguese form of the given name George (given name), George. While spelled alike, this name is pronounced very differently in each of the two languages: Spanish ; Portuguese . It is ...

for a campaign rally was toppled by strong winds in

San Pedro Garza García San Pedro Garza García (also known as San Pedro) is a city-municipality in the Administrative divisions of Mexico, Mexican state of Nuevo León and part of the Monterrey Metropolitan area. It is a contemporary commercial suburb of the larger met ...

, killing ten people, including a child, and injuring 213 others. Máynez, who managed to escape, suspended his upcoming campaign events and met with hospitalized victims. Condolences were issued by his rivals and President López Obrador over the incident, while Claudia Sheinbaum canceled an event in neighboring

Monterrey Monterrey (, , abbreviated as MtY) is the capital and largest city of the northeastern Mexican state of Nuevo León. It is the ninth-largest city and the second largest metropolitan area, after Greater Mexico City. Located at the foothills of th ...

scheduled the next day in solidarity with the victims of the disaster.

Opinion polls

Graphical summary

Polling aggregations

Conduct

Early voting for voters with disabilities or limited physical mobility and those in preventive detention was held from 6 to 20 May. On 2 June, polling stations opened at 8:00 CST and closed at 18:00 CST.

Polling stations

There were 170,182 polling stations approved to be installed nationwide. On 2 June at 20:00 CST, it was announced that 23 were not installed.

Election day violence

On 1 June, authorities ordered the suspension of voting in the municipalities of Pantelhó and Chicomuselo in

Chiapas Chiapas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Chiapas, is one of the states that make up the Political divisions of Mexico, 32 federal entities of Mexico. It comprises Municipalities of Chiapas, 124 municipalities and its capital and large ...

, citing the burning of election papers in the former by unknown individuals on 31 May and threats against poll workers by gang members. On election day, two people were killed in shootings at polling stations at Coyomeapan and in

Puebla Puebla, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Puebla, is one of the 31 states that, along with Mexico City, comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 217 municipalities and its capital is Puebla City. Part of east-centr ...

Result reporting

On election day, the INE uses two processes to report results, both strictly for informational purposes and not official. The Preliminary Electoral Results Program (PREP) progressively counts votes from tally sheets at polling stations, digitizing and recording them online after being delivered to INE district offices. The quick count is a statistical process that randomly selects a sample of votes to estimate voter turnout and candidate results, providing a preliminary indication of the election outcome. The district tally is the official process for recording election results. Tally sheets are manually recorded, and each electoral package is certified at the 300 district offices across the country, with citizen councils and party representatives overseeing the process. These packages may be reopened for a vote recount if necessary. This procedure determines the final election result, after which a majority certificate is issued, declaring the candidate with the most votes as the winner. After the district tally, the validation of results and the proclamation of the "president-elect" become the exclusive responsibilities of the

Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary The Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary ( or ) is a venue within the judiciary of Mexico specializing in electoral matters. Among its functions are resolving disputes arising within federal elections and certifying the validity of th ...

Results

About 60 million votes were cast in each election, with most of them being cast on election day. The election saw a lower turnout than the

and 2018 presidential elections, at 61.05%.

received 35.9 million votes, surpassing López Obrador's 2018 record of 30.1 million and making her the candidate with the most votes in Mexican history. She also achieved the highest vote percentage of any candidate since

. Sheinbaum carried 31 out of 32 states, with

Aguascalientes Aguascalientes, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Aguascalientes, is one of the 32 states which comprise the Political divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. At 22°N and with an average altitude of above sea level it is pre ...

being the only state where a plurality voted for Xóchitl Gálvez. Sheinbaum managed to flip

Guanajuato Guanajuato, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Guanajuato, is one of the 32 states that make up the Political divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into Municipalities of Guanajuato, 46 municipalities and its cap ...

– the home state of former president

Vicente Fox Vicente Fox Quesada (; born 2 July 1942) is a Mexican businessman and politician who served as the 62nd president of Mexico from 2000 to 2006. After campaigning as a Right-wing populism, right-wing populist, Fox was elected president on the Nat ...

– and a state considered a bastion for the National Action Party since 2000; it was the only state not voting for López Obrador in 2018. Besides Aguascalientes, Gálvez placed second in all states except

Campeche Campeche, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Campeche, is one of the 31 states which, with Mexico City, make up the Administrative divisions of Mexico, 32 federal entities of Mexico. Located in southeast Mexico, it is bordered by the sta ...

, where Jorge Máynez defeated her by five and a half points. She also obtained 5.4 million fewer votes than the combined total of both Ricardo Anaya and

José Antonio Meade José Antonio Meade Kuribreña (; born 27 February 1969) is a Mexican politician, economist, lawyer, and diplomat. He served as a cabinet minister under President of Mexico, Presidents Felipe Calderón and Enrique Peña Nieto in a variety of port ...

, the PAN and PRI nominees for president in 2018, respectively; Gálvez obtained 16.5 million in total, while Anaya and Meade obtained 21.9 million votes combined. Máynez's performance in the election marked the best result for Citizens' Movement in its history. The party received 5.2 million more votes compared to 2018 when it received about 1 million – about a 500% increase. Citizens' Movement secured the third-highest votes among all parties in the election, behind Morena and the PAN.

President

By state

Legislature

Senate

Chamber of Deputies

Aftermath

Election night

Claudia Sheinbaum discurso de la victoria

At 11:50 PM CST on 2 June, the INE's president, Guadalupe Taddei, declared that according to the INE's Quick Count, Claudia Sheinbaum was the winner of the presidential contest. The Quick Count also projected that Sigamos Haciendo Historia would keep its control of the

Congress of the Union The Congress of the Union (, ), formally known as the General Congress of the United Mexican States (''Congreso General de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos''), is the legislature of the federal government of Mexico. It consists of two chambers: t ...

, with a

in the

and a probable supermajority in the

. Shortly after the INE's announcement, Xóchitl Gálvez and Jorge Máynez called Sheinbaum to congratulate her on her victory. During their respective press conferences, both Gálvez and Máynez publicly conceded, with Máynez highlighting that the results represented the best performance for Citizens' Movement. However, Gálvez later described the electoral campaign as an "unequal competition against the entire state apparatus dedicated to favoring its candidate", adding that she would challenge the result. Reacting to the result on X, Sheinbaum said that she would not let the electorate down. She later addressed her supporters at the

in Mexico City, who had gathered at the plaza to celebrate her victory. President

described Sheinbaum's victory as historic and reiterated his pledge not to interfere in her incoming administration.

District tally and certification

The district tally started on 5 June at 8:00 CST. The INE announced it would recount ballots from 60% of the polling stations, a decrease from the 75% recounted during the 2018 election. Xóchitl Gálvez requested that 80% of the votes be recounted, asserting there were irregularities at some polling stations. On 6 June, the district tally concluded for the presidential election, increasing Sheinbaum's margin of victory by 0.85%. On 9 June, the INE released constituency seats and final vote count results for each district. Projections using the final vote count to calculate party-list deputies and senators confirmed a supermajority in the Chamber of Deputies but not in the Senate, falling three seats short of the two-thirds majority needed to change the

Constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity, and commonly determines how that entity is to be governed. When these pri ...

. On 15 August, after all challenges to the presidential election were resolved, Sheinbaum's victory was officially certified, and she received the certificate designating her as president-elect. On 21 August, the INE's Commission on Prerogatives and Political Parties unanimously approved a draft assigning party-list deputies and senators.

Party registrations

On 10 June, for the first time in the party's three-decade-long history, the INE notified the

(PRD) that it had failed to meet 3% of the popular vote to keep its registration as a national political party. On 19 June, an auditor was chosen to oversee the party's liquidation, and on 19 September, the INE declared that the PRD had lost its registration.

Lawsuits

After the election, the National Action Party (PAN), the

(PRI), the

(PRD), and Citizens' Movement (MC) collectively filed 240 challenges against the presidential election results. The PRD spearheaded most of these challenges, which sought to annul millions of ballots to meet the 3% threshold required to maintain its registration as a national political party. However, by 8 August, the

had rejected all of the challenges. For the legislative elections, all political parties challenged the results for deputies and senators, citing allegations of exceeding campaign spending limits, vote buying, voter intimidation, and various irregularities in vote counting. Most of these challenges, when presented to the Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary, were rejected, and any rulings from lower courts did not alter the overall election results. The only exception was in the 23rd district of the

State of Mexico The State of Mexico, officially just Mexico, is one of the 32 federal entities of the United Mexican States. Colloquially known as Edomex (from , the abbreviation of , and ), to distinguish it from the name of the whole country, it is the mo ...

, where Luis Alberto Carballo Gutiérrez's victory certificate was annulled due to his ineligibility, as he was a food debtor, resulting in his alternate assuming the position instead.

Reactions

Financial markets

Amid concerns that a

in both chambers of Congress would lead to anti-market reforms, the

peso The peso is the monetary unit of several Hispanophone, Spanish-speaking countries in Latin America, as well as the Philippines. Originating in the Spanish Empire, the word translates to "weight". In most countries of the Americas, the symbol com ...

dropped nearly 4% against the U.S. dollar following initial reporting; by the end of the week, it was down 10% from its pre-election level. From less than 17 to the U.S. dollar on 2 June, the peso fell over the nine days following the election to trade at 18.50 on 11 June, still considerably stronger than the all-time low of over 25 seen at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. On 3 June, the two largest ETFs focused on Mexico (

iShares iShares is a collection of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and index mutual funds managed by BlackRock, which acquired the brand and business from Barclays in 2009. The first iShares ETFs were known as World Equity Benchmark Shares (WEBS) but hav ...

MSCI Mexico ETF EWW and Franklin FTSE Mexico ETF FLMX) dropped more than 10%, the biggest daily decline in four years. The

Mexican Stock Exchange The Mexican Stock Exchange (), commonly known as Mexican Bolsa, Mexbol, or BMV, is one of two stock exchanges in Mexico, the other being BIVA - Bolsa Institucional de Valores. It is the second largest stock exchange in Latin America, only after S ...

ended the 3 June trading day down 6.1%, while the

MSCI MSCI Inc. (formerly Morgan Stanley Capital International) is an American finance company headquartered in New York City. MSCI is a global provider of equity, fixed income, real estate indices, multi-asset portfolio analysis tools, ESG and ...

Mexico Index dropped 8.8%.

International

* : The

Ministry of Foreign Affairs In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and relations, diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral r ...

congratulated Sheinbaum, stating it "renews its willingness to continue developing the bilateral work agenda". * : Prime Minister

Alexander De Croo Alexander De Croo (; born 3 November 1975) is a Belgian politician and businessman who served as Prime Minister of Belgium from 2020 to 2025. Previously from 2012 to 2020, De Croo served as deputy prime minister in the governments of Elio Di Rup ...

congratulated Sheinbaum, describing her victory as an "important milestone." * : Prime Minister John Briceño congratulated Sheinbaum on her victory. * : President

Luis Arce Luis Alberto Arce Catacora (; born 28 September 1963), often referred to as Lucho, is a Bolivian banker, economist, and politician serving as the 67th president of Bolivia since 2020. A member of the Movement for Socialism (Bolivia), Movement fo ...

congratulated Sheinbaum, describing her victory as "resounding." * : President

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (; born Luiz Inácio da Silva; 27 October 1945), known Mononym, mononymously as Lula, is a Brazilian politician, trade unionist and former metalworker who has served as the 39th president of Brazil since 2023. A mem ...

congratulated Sheinbaum, calling it "a victory for democracy, and also for my great colleague AMLO, who made an extraordinary government". * : Prime Minister

Justin Trudeau Justin Pierre James Trudeau (born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician who served as the 23rd prime minister of Canada from 2015 to 2025. He led the Liberal Party from 2013 until his resignation in 2025 and was the member of Parliament ...

welcomed Sheinbaum's election in a tweet, citing an intent to maintain and strengthen Canada-Mexico relations. * : President

Gabriel Boric Gabriel Boric Font (; born 11 February 1986) is a Chilean politician and the President of Chile since 2022. He previously served two four-year terms as a deputy in the Chamber of Deputies of Chile, Chamber of Deputies. Boric first gained prom ...

congratulated Sheinbaum on her victory, stating that "her leadership and her program of social progress inspire the region and continue to unite us as sister countries." * : President

Xi Jinping Xi Jinping, pronounced (born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician who has been the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China), chairman of the Central Military Commission ...

congratulated Sheinbaum on her victory, saying he is willing to strengthen strategic communication with the president-elect to lead bilateral relations to a new level and bring more benefits to the two peoples. * : President

Gustavo Petro Gustavo Francisco Petro Urrego (; born 19 April 1960) is a Colombian politician who is the 34th and current president of Colombia since 2022. Upon inauguration, he became the Pink tide, first left-wing president in the History of Colombia, recen ...

and Vice President

Francia Márquez Francia Elena Márquez Mina (born 1 December 1981) is a Colombia, Colombian human-rights and environmental activist, feminist, lawyer and politician who is the 13th and current Vice President of Colombia since 2022. She was born in Yolombó (vill ...

congratulated Sheinbaum, with Petro stating that her election was "a victory for the Mexican people and their democracy." * : President Rodrigo Chaves congratulated Sheinbaum on her victory and sent her best wishes for her future management. * : President

Miguel Díaz-Canel Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez (; born 20 April 1960) is a Cuban politician and engineer. He has served as the 8th First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, first secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba since 2021 and as the 17th president o ...

congratulated Sheinbaum and offered his support "to continue strengthening the close brotherhood that unites our peoples." * : The Foreign Ministry congratulated the people of Mexico for holding democratic elections. * : President

Nayib Bukele Nayib Armando Bukele Ortez (; born 24 July 1981) is a Salvadoran politician and businessman who has served as the 81st president of El Salvador since 2019. In 1999, Bukele established an advertising company and worked at an advertising com ...

congratulated Sheinbaum and pledged to "continue working for the inclusive development of our region" through a call. * :

President of the European Commission The president of the European Commission, also known as president of the College of Commissioners is the Head of government, head of the European Commission, the Executive (government), executive branch of the European Union (EU). The president ...

Ursula von der Leyen Ursula Gertrud von der Leyen (; ; born 8 October 1958) is a German politician, serving as president of the European Commission since 2019. She served in the Cabinet of Germany, German federal government between 2005 and 2019, holding position ...

congratulated Sheinbaum on her victory, calling her election "historic" as the first woman to preside over Mexico in its democratic history. * : President

Emmanuel Macron Emmanuel Jean-Michel Frédéric Macron (; born 21 December 1977) is a French politician who has served as President of France and Co-Prince of Andorra since 2017. He was Ministry of Economy and Finance (France), Minister of Economics, Industr ...

congratulated Sheinbaum and agreed to "work closely on major global challenges," especially climate change and biodiversity loss, and "continue acting in favor of women's rights". * : Chancellor

Olaf Scholz Olaf Scholz (; born 14 June 1958) is a German politician who served as the Chancellor of Germany from 2021 to 2025. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, Social Democratic Party (SPD), he previously served as Vice-Chancellor of Ge ...

congratulated Sheinbaum and expressed his desire to deepen cooperation between Germany and Mexico. * : President

Bernardo Arévalo César Bernardo Arévalo de León (; born 7 October 1958) is a Guatemalan diplomat, sociologist, writer, and politician serving as the 52nd and current president of Guatemala since 2024. A member and co-founder of the Movimiento Semilla, Semill ...

telephoned Sheinbaum to congratulate her on her victory and discuss future collaborations, stating that Sheinbaum has an "ally ready to work together" with her. * : President

Xiomara Castro Iris Xiomara Castro Sarmiento (; born 30 September 1959), also known as Xiomara Castro de Zelaya, is a Honduran politician and businesswoman who has served as the 39th president of Honduras since 2022. She is the country's first List of elected ...

congratulated Sheinbaum in an X post. * :

Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...

Narendra Modi Narendra Damodardas Modi (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who has served as the Prime Minister of India, prime minister of India since 2014. Modi was the chief minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014 and is the Member of Par ...

congratulated Sheinbaum, expressing his desire to work with the President-elect to strengthen their cooperation. * : Prime Minister Fumio Kishida congratulated Sheinbaum and expressed his desire to work with Mexico as a Strategic Global Partner to develop traditional and strong bilateral relations. * : President

Daniel Ortega José Daniel Ortega Saavedra (; ; born 11 November 1945) is a Nicaraguan politician and dictator who has been the president of Nicaragua, co-president of Nicaragua since 18 February 2025, alongside his wife Rosario Murillo. He was the 54th an ...

and Vice President

Rosario Murillo Rosario María Murillo Zambrana (; born 22 June 1951) is a Nicaraguan politician and poet, who is serving as co-president of Nicaragua along with her husband, President Daniel Ortega, since February 2025. Before this, she served as the vice ...

congratulated Sheinbaum on her "historic victory." * : President

Laurentino Cortizo Laurentino "Nito" Cortizo Cohen (; born 30 January 1953) is a Panamanian politician who served as the 38th President of Panama from 2019 to 2024. Previously, he served as President of the National Assembly (2000–2001) and Minister of Agricul ...

congratulated Sheinbaum. * : President

Santiago Peña Santiago Peña Palacios (; born 16 November 1978) is a Paraguayan politician and economist who is the 52nd and current president of Paraguay since 2023. In addition to his political career, Peña has served on leadership boards for the Central ...

congratulated Sheinbaum and said he hopes they continue working for the well-being of their people. * : President

Dina Boluarte Dina Ercilia Boluarte Zegarra (; born 31 May 1962) is a Peruvian politician, civil servant, and lawyer who has been serving as the 64th president of Peru since 2022. She had served as the Vice President of Peru, first vice president and minister ...

congratulated Sheinbaum in a statement issued by the country's foreign ministry. * : President

Vladimir Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who has served as President of Russia since 2012, having previously served from 2000 to 2008. Putin also served as Prime Minister of Ru ...

congratulated Sheinbaum on her victory and highlighted friendly ties between Russia and Mexico, which he described as "traditional". * : Prime Minister

Mohammed bin Salman Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud (; born 31 August 1985), also known as MBS or MbS, is the ''de facto'' ruler of the Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, formally serving as Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, Crown Prince and Prime Minister of Sa ...

congratulated Sheinbaum on her victory. * : Prime Minister

Pedro Sánchez Pedro Sánchez Pérez-Castejón (; born 29 February 1972) is a Spanish politician who has served as Prime Minister of Spain since 2018. He has also been Secretary-General of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) since July 2017, having p ...

congratulated Sheinbaum on her victory as Mexico's first female president. * : President

Volodymyr Zelenskyy Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelenskyy (born 25 January 1978) is a Ukrainian politician and former entertainer who has served as the sixth and current president of Ukraine since 2019. He took office five years after the start of the Russo-Ukraini ...

congratulated Sheinbaum on her victory, saying he wished her "much success during her term". * : President

Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan (born 11 March 1961), also known as MbZ, is an Emirati royal and politician who is serving as the third and current president of the United Arab Emirates and ruler of Abu Dhabi since 2022. Mohamed completed his e ...

congratulated Sheinbaum by phone for winning the election. * :

Secretary-General Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, Power (social and political), power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the org ...

António Guterres António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres (born 30 April 1949) is a Portuguese politician and diplomat who is serving as the ninth and current secretary-general of the United Nations since 2017. A member of the Socialist Party (Portugal), ...

congratulated Sheinbaum and highlighted the gender perspective. * : President

Joe Biden Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who was the 46th president of the United States from 2021 to 2025. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, he served as the 47th vice p ...

congratulated Sheinbaum, calling it a "historic win" and praising the Mexican people for operating a successful election at all levels. * : President

Luis Lacalle Pou Luis Alberto Aparicio Alejandro Lacalle Pou (, ; born 11 August 1973), is a Uruguayan politician and lawyer, who served as the 42nd president of Uruguay from 2020 to 2025. The son of former president Luis Alberto Lacalle, Lacalle Pou attended ...

congratulated Sheinbaum and wished for closer ties between both countries. * : President

Nicolás Maduro Nicolás Maduro Moros (; born 23 November 1962) is a Venezuelan politician and former union leader serving as the 53rd president of Venezuela since 2013. Previously, he was the 24th Vice President of Venezuela, vice president from 2012 to 20 ...

congratulated Sheinbaum, calling it a "victory for the great homeland".

Notes

References

External links

Proceso Electoral Federal 2023–2024
Instituto Nacional Electoral
Mexican Electoral Regime 2024
Instituto Nacional Electoral {{Mexican elections

General A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air force, air and space forces, marines or naval infantry. In some usages, the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colone ...

General election A general election is an electoral process to choose most or all members of a governing body at the same time. They are distinct from By-election, by-elections, which fill individual seats that have become vacant between general elections. Gener ...

Legislative elections in Mexico Presidential elections in Mexico