General elections were held in
Guatemala
Guatemala ( ; ), officially the Republic of Guatemala ( es, República de Guatemala, links=no), is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico; to the northeast by Belize and the Caribbean; to the east by H ...
on 25 June 2023 to elect the
president
President most commonly refers to:
*President (corporate title)
*President (education), a leader of a college or university
*President (government title)
President may also refer to:
Automobiles
* Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
and
vice president
A vice president, also director in British English, is an officer in government or business who is below the president (chief executive officer) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vice president is on t ...
, all 160 seats of the
Congress
A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of a ...
, all 20 members of the
Central American Parliament
The Central American Parliament ( es, Parlamento Centroamericano), also known as PARLACEN, is the political institution and parliamentary body of the Central American Integration System (SICA). Its headquarters are in Guatemala City.
History
...
, and mayors and councils for all 340
municipalities
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate.
The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
in the country. Incumbent president
Alejandro Giammattei
Alejandro Eduardo Giammattei Falla (; born 9 March 1956) is a Guatemalan politician who is serving as the president of Guatemala since 2020. He is a former director of the Guatemalan penitentiary system and participated in Guatemala's president ...
was constitutionally prohibited from running for a second four-year term. As no presidential candidate obtained over 50% of the vote, a second round was scheduled between the top two finishers on 20 August.
The official count of the general election by the
Supreme Electoral Tribunal indicated that
Sandra Torres from
National Unity of Hope
The National Unity of Hope ( es, Unidad Nacional de la Esperanza, UNE) is a political party in Guatemala. It was founded in 2002 and defines itself as a Social democracy, social-democratic and Christian socialism, social-christian party. It is the ...
and
Bernardo Arévalo
César Bernardo Arévalo de León (; born 7 October 1958 in Montevideo) is a Guatemalan diplomat, sociologist, writer, and politician who is the president-elect of Guatemala. He defeated former First Lady Sandra Torres in the second round of ...
from
Semilla would contest the second round.
However, the certification of the result by the Supreme Electoral Tribunal was delayed after the
Constitutional Court of Guatemala
The Constitutional Court of Guatemala is the highest court for constitucional law in the Republic of Guatemala. It is tasked with preserving the constitutional order by ruling on questions of the constitutionality of laws or state actions. The Cour ...
granted an injunction to 10 parties that challenged the result. The court wants to compare the tallies in the electoral system with the tallies from the polling places. Due to the injunction, the results of the races for president, vice president, all of the seats in Congress and hundreds of local elections remain unofficial.
The Electoral Observation Mission in Guatemala, the
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
, the
Organization of American States
The Organization of American States (OAS; es, Organización de los Estados Americanos, pt, Organização dos Estados Americanos, french: Organisation des États américains; ''OEA'') is an international organization that was founded on 30 April ...
, the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
, the
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
and the
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been des ...
asked the court to respect the electoral results, said that the results matched their observations and denied any accusations of electoral fraud.
The
Supreme Court of Justice
A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in most legal jurisdictions. Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, apex court, and high (or final) court of appeal. Broadly speaking, the decisions of ...
ruled that the Supreme Electoral Tribunal correctly carried out what was requested by the Constitutional Court and rejected the legal recourse requested by the nine parties.
On 12 July, the
Public Ministry announced that at their request a court had suspended Semilla's legal personality for alleged cases of false signatures to establish the party.
However, Article 92 of the Electoral and Political Parties Law establishes that "A party may not be suspended after an election has been called and until it has been held".
Previously, member of Congress
Samuel Pérez Álvarez of Semilla had announced the possibility of attempting a legal "maneuver" to dissolve the party and thus avoid Arévalo's participation in a second round.
The actions of the Public Ministry were widely condemned by the private sector, non-governmental organizations, and various governments.
On 13 July, the
Constitutional Court
A constitutional court is a high court that deals primarily with constitutional law. Its main authority is to rule on whether laws that are challenged are in fact unconstitutional, i.e. whether they conflict with constitutionally established ...
, the highest court for constitutional law, reversed the suspension paving the way for the second round of the presidential election to proceed.
Background
In July 2021, Attorney General
María Consuelo Porras
María Consuelo Porras Argueta (born August 23, 1953) is a Guatemalan lawyer. She served as Deputy Magistrate of the Constitutional Court since April 2016. She was appointed by President Jimmy Morales as the new Attorney General and Chief of the ...
dismissed the head of the special prosecutor's office against impunity,
Juan Francisco Sandoval
Juan Francisco Sandoval Alfaro (born in 1982) is a Guatemalan lawyer and prosecutor who served as Head of the Special Prosecutor's Office against Impunity from September 2015 to July 2021.
Biography
Sandoval was an ally of then-Attorney Genera ...
. Sandoval left the country shortly afterwards to 'protect
islife and integrity'. The Attorney General subsequently increased investigations on judges, lawyers and prosecutors linked to the fight against corruption; several former investigators of the Special Prosecutor's Office against Impunity (FECI) and the
International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG) were arrested in 2022 and others forced into exile or else continually harassed.
Among the exiled judges are Miguel Ángel Gálvez (known for handling the
La Línea corruption case
The ''La Línea'' corruption case began in Guatemala on April 16, 2015, when the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala ( es, Comisión Internacional Contra la Impunidad en Guatemala, CICIG) and State prosecutors accused a num ...
) and
Erika Aifán (awarded with the
International Women of Courage Award
The International Women of Courage Award, also referred to as the U.S. Secretary of State's International Women of Courage Award, is an American award presented annually by the United States Department of State to women around the world who have ...
in 2021).
In September 2021, the
United States Department of State
The United States Department of State (DOS), or State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations. Equivalent to the ministry of foreign affairs of other n ...
announced that it had added Porras to a list of "undemocratic and corrupt" officials.
According to the US State Department, Porras "actively undermined" the corruption investigations conducted by Sandoval and his team.
Among those sanctioned by the United States are also the Secretary General of the Public Ministry Ángel Pineda and the head of the Special Prosecutor's Office Against Impunity and Porras' right-hand man, Rafael Curruchiche.
At the end of July 2022, the police arrested journalist
José Rubén Zamora
José Rubén Zamora Marroquín (born August 19, 1956) is an industrial engineer, entrepreneur, and the founder of three Guatemalan newspapers: ''Siglo Veintiuno'' ("21st Century") in 1990, and '' El Periódico'' ("The Newspaper") in 1996, and '' ...
, founder of the daily ''
El Periódico'', and searched the newspaper's headquarters, which had accused President
Alejandro Giammattei
Alejandro Eduardo Giammattei Falla (; born 9 March 1956) is a Guatemalan politician who is serving as the president of Guatemala since 2020. He is a former director of the Guatemalan penitentiary system and participated in Guatemala's president ...
and Attorney General Consuelo Porras of corruption. Some journalists also went into exile after the Public Ministry began investigations against them.
During the trial of José Rubén Zamora in 2023, a judge asked to initiate an investigation against nine journalists. In November 2022,
Amnesty International
Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom. The organization says it has more than ten million members and sup ...
declared Virginia Laparra a "
prisoner of conscience". Laparra was one of the jailed anti-corruption prosecutors who was part of Juan Francisco Sandoval's team.
The
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
and the
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been des ...
condemned the investigations of anti-corruption prosecutors in Guatemala and expressed that these procedures "weaken" the rule of law. The
International Federation for Human Rights
The International Federation for Human Rights (french: Fédération internationale des ligues des droits de l'homme; FIDH) is a non-governmental federation for human rights organizations. Founded in 1922, FIDH is the third oldest international h ...
, the
World Organisation Against Torture and other NGOs warn in 2022 about the "strengthening of authoritarian rule" in Guatemala and declare that the country "experiencing an alarming phenomenon of capture and control of public institutions by economic and political elites".
A sharp increase in violent crime and a punishingly high cost of living have made Giammattei deeply unpopular.
In January 2022, halfway through his term, Giammattei had a 27% approval rating according to a CID
Gallup
Gallup may refer to:
*Gallup, Inc., a firm founded by George Gallup, well known for its opinion poll
*Gallup (surname), a surname
*Gallup, New Mexico, a city in New Mexico, United States
**Gallup station, an Amtrak train in downtown Gallup, New Me ...
poll, one of the lowest among the continent's presidents. In 2023, only 2.9% of respondents rate the Giammattei administration as good. Emigration to the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
increased sharply under his presidency.
Registration of candidates
The registration of candidates for the elections has also been clouded by criticism for the "unclear" arguments used by the Registry of Citizens and the magistrates of the
Supreme Electoral Tribunal. The ticket of
Movement for the Liberation of Peoples was not registered due to "legal problems" of the vice-presidential candidate
Jordán Rodas
Augusto Jordán Rodas Andrade (born 25 September 1968) is a Guatemalan attorney and civil servant who from 2017 until 2022 served as Ombudsman of Guatemala, a controversial office in Guatemala's highly polarized political landscape. His 2022 can ...
;
while
Roberto Arzú
Roberto Arzú García-Granados (born 15 May 1970) is a Guatemalan politician and businessman.
Biography
Arzú is the firstborn of the former President of Guatemala and mayor of Guatemala City Álvaro Arzú Irigoyen.
He is an entrepreneur ...
's candidacy was revoked for allegedly carrying out "anticipated campaigning".
Presidential candidate
Edmond Mulet was denounced by the Public Ministry for three consecutive days. The first complaint he received was for having spoken out against the investigation of the nine journalists during the Zamora trial, while the other two were for allegedly engaging in "anticipated campaigning" for which reason Mulet's participation is uncertain.
The Supreme Court of Justice rejected the challenge, however, on 11 May, the Public Ministry challenged Mulet's candidacy before the Constitutional Court.
On 21 March 2023, the Electoral Tribunal announced that it had rejected the candidacy of the party
Commitment, Renewal and Order due to "legal problems" of presidential candidate Francisco Arredondo.
The political party filed a legal appeal to reverse the decision of the electoral court, finally, the magistrates accepted the appeal and registered Arredondo as a presidential candidate. The candidacies presented by the Opportunities and Development Party were annulled for not correctly carrying out their nomination assemblies.
Cabal and the
URNG–
Winaq
Winaq is a left-wing political party in Guatemala whose most notable member is Rigoberta Menchú, who is ethnically Kʼicheʼ. Its name comes from the Kʼicheʼean word for "people" or "humanity", "winaq". It is a party whose roots are in th ...
coalition
challenged the candidacy of
Zury Ríos before the Registry of Citizens, stating that the Constitution prevented her from running for the presidency because she is the daughter of former president
Efraín Ríos Montt who came to power through a coup. Although the appeals were dismissed, Cabal also challenged before the Supreme Court of Justice and the Constitutional Court but they were rejected and Ríos's candidacy remained firm.
Todos challenged the candidacy of
Sandra Torres before the Registry of Citizens, the Supreme Court of Justice and the Constitutional Court, affirming that Romeo Guerra, Torres's nominee for vice president, had a constitutional impediment, since the Constitution prevents ministers of worship to running for President and Vice President and Guerra was an evangelical pastor before becoming Torres's running mate. The process was rejected by the Electoral Registry and the Supreme Court of Justice, while the Constitutional Court. Finally, the Constitutional Court rejected the legal challenge and Torres's candidacy was maintained.
In May 2023,
Change challenged the candidacy of
Carlos Pineda before the Supreme Court of Justice. The legal resource affirms that there are "irregularities" in the nomination assemblies of
Citizen Prosperity. On 19 May, a judge accepted the legal appeal presented, so Carlos Pineda's candidacy was annulled, along with 218 other candidates for deputies and mayors from Citizen Prosperity. On June 9, a court accepted a legal appeal filed by the Secretary-General of Citizen Prosperity Lilian Piedad García and ordered the registration of lists for candidates for deputies in eleven departments, however, the presidential ticket, the candidates for deputies by National List, the Central District, the Central American Parliament and the other eleven departments, and mayoral candidates remained out of contention. On 11 June, the Constitutional Court revoked the legal recourse granted to the party and ordered the Public Ministry to investigate the court that issued the recourse.
The opposition party
Semilla has alleged "irregularities" in a case against it for allegedly forging the signature of a party affiliate. The file was transferred from the Electoral Crimes Prosecutor's Office to the Special Prosecutor's Office Against Impunity led by Curruchiche. Presidential candidate
Bernardo Arévalo
César Bernardo Arévalo de León (; born 7 October 1958 in Montevideo) is a Guatemalan diplomat, sociologist, writer, and politician who is the president-elect of Guatemala. He defeated former First Lady Sandra Torres in the second round of ...
mentioned that these actions put the party's electoral participation at risk. Deputy
Samuel Pérez Álvarez alleged "partiality" on the part of the judicial authorities. He also indicated that in 2015, the Registry of Citizens detected alleged anomalies in almost signatures of members of the Progressive Liberator Party (now
Valor) and the process has not advanced.
The opposition party
Will, Opportunity and Solidarity
Will, Opportunity and Solidarity ( es, Voluntad, Oportunidad y Solidaridad) is a political party in Guatemala.
History
The political party was registered with the Supreme Electoral Tribunal in 2020. Immigrant rights activist Marcos Antil is one ...
led by presidential candidate
Manuel Villacorta
Manuel Ricardo Villacorta Orantes (born 29 March 1959) is a Guatemalan politician, professor and writer. He served as Guatemala's ambassador to Israel from 1999 to 2000, was also a presidential candidate in 2019, where he placed in seventh plac ...
was denounced for allegedly falsifying affiliate signatures in May 2023. Villacorta has previously denounced "systematic attacks" to curb his party's participation.
Campaign
The
Latinobarómetro 2020 indicates that Guatemala has one of the lowest levels of trust and support for democracy in the region: only 37% of citizens considered democracy to be preferable to any other form of government, and 65% were not satisfied with how it operated in Guatemala. In terms of political rights, only 9% of Guatemalans considered that their right to participate in political life is fully guaranteed. The atmosphere of optimism for change that had been present for the elections in 2015 had faded by 2020.
Of the 4.5 million registered citizens aged between 18 and 30, only 2.6 million were on the electoral roll and eligible to vote in 2023.
A substantial number of candidates ran a right-wing campaign, highlighting their attachment to religious values and the defence of private property, as well as their opposition to the legalisation of abortion. In particular, the security policies of Salvadoran President
Nayib Bukele were held up as an example to follow. The
evangelical churches
Evangelicalism (), also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide interdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity that affirms the centrality of being "born again", in which an individual experi ...
continue to have a major influence on political life, having participated in the selection of Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges, among other things. During the final debate of the campaign, the discussions focused in particular on gay marriage, while the issue of poverty, which affects at least 54% of the population, was ignored. On the contrary, "the discourse and ideas of the left have disappeared from the debate", due to the elimination of the most popular left-wing candidates by the electoral authorities.
The three favourites in the election (Ríos, Torres, and Mulet) made extensive use of
clientelist practices. People who came to their meetings were offered various gifts, even a sum of money in the case of Ríos. Political party activists circulate among the ranks, taking down the names and addresses of those present as "primary beneficiaries" in the event of their candidate's victory. Giving in exchange for voting is common practice in Guatemalan elections and is not punished.
After proceeding to the run-off, Torres focused on winning over conservative voters particularly supporters of Ríos. Torres expressed her opposition to
same-sex marriage and instead promoted
family values
Family values, sometimes referred to as familial values, are traditional or cultural values that pertain to the family's structure, function, roles, beliefs, attitudes, and ideals.
In the social sciences and U.S. political discourse, the conventi ...
.
She criticized the Semilla as being a "socialist" and "communist" party.
She accused her second round opponent, Arevalo, of being a puppet of both former Attorney General of Guatemala
Thelma Aldana and Colombian defense minister
Iván Velásquez
Iván Velásquez (born August 27, 1976 in Cartagena, Colombia) is a Colombian footballer currently playing for Independiente Medellín of the Primera A in Colombia. He played as a striker.
Teams
* Independiente Santa Fe 1999
* Deportes Tolima 2 ...
. Aldana and Velásquez together had investigated corruption cases in Guatemala for the
International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala. Political analyst Luis Mack noted that Torres's attacks against Arevalo was an appeal to religious conservatives and the far-right, both of which opposed anti-corruption efforts and foreign interference in Guatemala.
Torres also accused Arevalo of wanting to
expropriate
Nationalization (nationalisation in British English) is the process of transforming privately-owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state. Nationalization usually refers to pri ...
private property and end religious freedom in favor of an "
LGBT ideology".
Fraud allegations
Some political parties and their presidential candidates such as Amílcar Rivera (
Victory),
Arévalo (Semilla)
and
Manuel Villacorta
Manuel Ricardo Villacorta Orantes (born 29 March 1959) is a Guatemalan politician, professor and writer. He served as Guatemala's ambassador to Israel from 1999 to 2000, was also a presidential candidate in 2019, where he placed in seventh plac ...
(
Will, Opportunity and Solidarity
Will, Opportunity and Solidarity ( es, Voluntad, Oportunidad y Solidaridad) is a political party in Guatemala.
History
The political party was registered with the Supreme Electoral Tribunal in 2020. Immigrant rights activist Marcos Antil is one ...
)
have openly expressed the possibility of
electoral fraud
Electoral fraud, sometimes referred to as election manipulation, voter fraud or vote rigging, involves illegal interference with the process of an election, either by increasing the vote share of a favored candidate, depressing the vote share of ...
. Adding to these denunciations were the excluded presidential candidates
Thelma Cabrera
Thelma Cabrera (born September 21,1970) is an indigenous ( Maya Mam) human rights defender and politician. Cabrera ran for president of Guatemala in 2019 as part of the political party, Movement for the Liberation of Peoples. She finished four ...
(
Movement for the Liberation of Peoples),
Roberto Arzú
Roberto Arzú García-Granados (born 15 May 1970) is a Guatemalan politician and businessman.
Biography
Arzú is the firstborn of the former President of Guatemala and mayor of Guatemala City Álvaro Arzú Irigoyen.
He is an entrepreneur ...
(
Podemos)
and Pineda (Citizen Prosperity), the latter of whom saw a steep rise in opinion polls in April 2023, placing him within the top three finishers.
Journalist
Andrés Oppenheimer compared the electoral fraud accusations in Guatemala to
Donald Trump's
attempts to overturn the results of the
2020 United States presidential election
The 2020 United States presidential election was the 59th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020. The Democratic ticket of former vice president Joe Biden and the junior U.S. senator from California Kamala Ha ...
.
Electoral system
President
The
President of Guatemala is elected using the
two-round system.
[
]
Congress
The 160 members of Congress are elected by two methods; 130 are elected from 22 multi-member constituencies based on the departments
Department may refer to:
* Departmentalization, division of a larger organization into parts with specific responsibility
Government and military
*Department (administrative division), a geographical and administrative division within a country, ...
, with the remaining 31 elected from a single nationwide constituency. Seats are elected using closed list
Closed list describes the variant of party-list systems where voters can effectively only vote for political parties as a whole; thus they have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected. If voters had some inf ...
proportional representation, with seats allocated using the D'Hondt method.[Congress of the Republic]
IFES
Presidential candidates
Rejected
Declined
Parties
The following political parties did not run for a presidential ticket, but did run candidates for deputies and mayors.
* Guatemalan People's Party
Guatemalan People's Party ( es, Partido Popular Guatemalteco) was a political party in Guatemala led by Neto Bran.
History
The mayor of Mixco Neto Bran was part of several political parties, including: the Reform Movement, with which he won ...
(PPG)
* National Advancement Party (PAN)
Individuals
* Alfonso Alonso, Minister of Environment and Natural Resources (2018–2020) ( National Convergence Front)
* Marcos Antil, immigrant rights activist (Will, Opportunity and Solidarity
Will, Opportunity and Solidarity ( es, Voluntad, Oportunidad y Solidaridad) is a political party in Guatemala.
History
The political party was registered with the Supreme Electoral Tribunal in 2020. Immigrant rights activist Marcos Antil is one ...
)
* Manuel Baldizón
Manuel Antonio Baldizón Méndez (, born 6 May 1970) is a Guatemalan politician, lawyer, and hotel entrepreneur. He was the leader of the "Libertad Democrática Renovada" (LIDER) Renewed Democratic Liberty party and was a candidate in the ...
, member of Congress
A Member of Congress (MOC) is a person who has been appointed or elected and inducted into an official body called a congress, typically to represent a particular constituency in a legislature. The term member of parliament (MP) is an equivalen ...
(2004–2008) ( Change) (''running for re-election'')
* Neto Bran, Mayor of Mixco (2016–present) (Guatemalan People's Party
Guatemalan People's Party ( es, Partido Popular Guatemalteco) was a political party in Guatemala led by Neto Bran.
History
The mayor of Mixco Neto Bran was part of several political parties, including: the Reform Movement, with which he won ...
) (''running for re-election'')
* Juan Carlos Eggenberger, businessman (''Together'') (''running for Mayor of Guatemala City for National Advancement Party'')
* Javier Hernández, member of Congress
A Member of Congress (MOC) is a person who has been appointed or elected and inducted into an official body called a congress, typically to represent a particular constituency in a legislature. The term member of parliament (MP) is an equivalen ...
(2016–present) ( National Convergence Front) (''running for re-election'')
* Antonio Malouf, Minister of Economy (2020–2022) (Humanist Party of Guatemala
The Humanist Party of Guatemala is a political party in Guatemala.
History
The Humanist Party was registered before the Supreme Electoral Tribunal on January 17, 2017. Its general secretary is Rudio Lecsan Mérida, former director of the National ...
/ Citizen Prosperity)
* Jordán Rodas
Augusto Jordán Rodas Andrade (born 25 September 1968) is a Guatemalan attorney and civil servant who from 2017 until 2022 served as Ombudsman of Guatemala, a controversial office in Guatemala's highly polarized political landscape. His 2022 can ...
, Ombudsman (2017–2022) ( Semilla–Winaq
Winaq is a left-wing political party in Guatemala whose most notable member is Rigoberta Menchú, who is ethnically Kʼicheʼ. Its name comes from the Kʼicheʼean word for "people" or "humanity", "winaq". It is a party whose roots are in th ...
– URNG) (''running for Vice President for Movement for the Liberation of Peoples'')
Congress
Opinion polls
Results
President
No presidential candidate obtained more than 50% of the vote in the first round, meaning a second round was required. In an upset, Bernardo Arévalo
César Bernardo Arévalo de León (; born 7 October 1958 in Montevideo) is a Guatemalan diplomat, sociologist, writer, and politician who is the president-elect of Guatemala. He defeated former First Lady Sandra Torres in the second round of ...
finished in second place, qualifying for the runoff along with one of the favorites to win, former First Lady and 2015 and 2019 presidential runner-up Sandra Torres. Zury Ríos and Edmond Mulet, two other candidates that ranked near the top of opinion polls, finished in 6th and 5th place, respectively.
Congress
Central American Parliament
Mayors
See also
* List of elections in 2023
Notes
References
External links
Tribunal Supremo Electoral
{{Guatemalan elections
June 2023 events in North America
General
Elections in Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala ( ; ), officially the Republic of Guatemala ( es, República de Guatemala, links=no), is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico; to the northeast by Belize and the Caribbean; to the east by H ...