The 2020 Sabah state election took place on 26 September 2020
to elect all 73 elected members of the
16th Sabah State Legislative Assembly. The previous Assembly was dissolved on 30 July 2020.
The state
snap election
A snap election is an election that is called earlier than the one that has been scheduled. Snap elections in parliamentary systems are often called to resolve a political impasse such as a hung parliament where no single political party has a ma ...
was called prematurely after a political crisis arose. Both
Shafie Apdal
Mohd Shafie bin Apdal (Jawi alphabet, Jawi: محمد شافعي بن أفضل; born 20 October 1957) is a Malaysian people, Malaysian politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Semporna (federal constituency), Semporna since ...
, incumbent
Chief Minister
A chief minister is an elected or appointed head of government of – in most instances – a sub-national entity, for instance an administrative subdivision or federal constituent entity. Examples include a state (and sometimes a union ter ...
and leader of
Sabah Heritage Party
The Heritage Party (; abbrev: WARISAN) is a multi-racial political party in Malaysia which was rebranded and renamed from the Sabah Heritage Party (), a Sabah-based party led by Shafie Apdal formed earlier on 17 October 2016 after its expansi ...
(WARISAN) and
Pakatan Harapan
Pakatan Harapan (PH; stylised as HARAPAN; ) is a Malaysian Parliamentary group, political coalition consisting of Centre-left politics, centre-left political parties which was formed in 2015 to succeed the Pakatan Rakyat coalition. It has led ...
(PH) coalition government and
Musa Aman
Musa bin Aman (Jawi alphabet, Jawi: موسى بن حاج أمان; born 30 March 1951) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the 11th Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sabah since January 2025. He served as the 14th Chief Minister of Sabah from M ...
, leader of
Perikatan Nasional
Perikatan Nasional (PN; ) is a Malaysian Parliamentary group, political coalition consisting of Right-wing politics, right-wing and Far-right politics, far-right political parties. It is the second largest political coalition in Dewan Rakyat w ...
(PN) and
Barisan Nasional
Barisan Nasional (BN; ) is a political coalition of Malaysia that was founded in 1974 as a coalition of centre-right and right-wing political parties to succeed the Alliance Party. It is the third largest political coalition with 30 seats in ...
(BN) coalition opposition claimed to have the majority to form the government. However, the Governor of Sabah,
Juhar Mahiruddin decided to dissolve the State Legislative Assembly on the advice of Shafie.
The state election was conducted under the
New Normal
A new normal is a state to which an economy, society, etc. settles following a crisis, when this differs from the situation that prevailed prior to the start of the crisis (the "old normal"). The term has been employed retroactively in relatio ...
and special
standard operating procedure
A standard operating procedure (SOP) is a set of step-by-step instructions compiled by an organization to help workers carry out routine operations. SOPs aim to achieve efficiency, quality output, and uniformity of performance, while reducing mis ...
s (SOP) imposed by the
Electoral Commission
An election commission is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of electioneering process of any country. The formal names of election commissions vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and may be styled an electoral commission, a c ...
(EC) as the country is still observing the
Recovery Movement Control Order (RMCO) due to
COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic (also known as the coronavirus pandemic and COVID pandemic), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began with an disease outbreak, outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, in December ...
.
Gabungan Rakyat Sabah
Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS; ) is a Malaysia, Malaysian Parliamentary group, coalition of Sabah-based parties. It was established in 2020 and then registered in 2022 by former United Alliance of Sabah (GBS) and United Borneo Alliance (UBA) compon ...
(GRS) coalition won the election with a simple majority of 38 seats.
Hajiji Noor
Hajiji bin Noor (; born 10 May 1955) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the 16th Chief Minister of Sabah since 2020 and Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Sulaman since 1990. He is also the first official chai ...
from BERSATU–PN was sworn in as Chief Minister 3 days later. The alliance of Perikatan Nasional with 17 seats, Barisan Nasional with 14 seats, and
PBS
The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and non-commercial, free-to-air television network based in Arlington, Virginia. PBS is a publicly funded nonprofit organization and the most prominent provider of educat ...
with 7 seats made GRS the biggest electoral coalition in Sabah since September 2020.
This was the first Sabah state election not held on the same day as the Malaysia general election since 1999, when Sabah
held its election on March that year as opposed to the general election date in November 1999.
Background
The
14th general election witnessed 29 seats from the government side and 31 seats from the non-government side filled the State Legislative Assembly. This count, however, did not include six seats from
United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation
The United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (; abbrev: UPKO) is a multiracial political party based in Sabah, Malaysia. The party was rebranded from its previous party's name, United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation using the sa ...
(UPKO) and four from UMNO that switched allegiance from Musa to Shafie. The government side has 11 safe seats and four fairly safe seats, while the non-government side has two safe seats and fivefairly safe seats.
Constituencies
13 new seats are added into the existing 60 state constituencies as a result of redelineation of Sabah state constituencies approved by the
Dewan Rakyat
The Dewan Rakyat (; Jawi script, Jawi: ), is the lower house of the Bicameralism, bicameral Parliament of Malaysia, Parliament which is the federal legislature of Malaysia. The chamber and its powers are established by Article 44 of the Constitu ...
on 17 July 2019. The new seats are
Bengkoka,
Bandau,
Pintasan,
Pantai Dalit,
Darau,
Tanjung Keramat,
Limbahau,
Tulid,
Telupid,
Sungai Manila,
Lamag,
Segama and
Kukusan.
Departing incumbents
The following members of the 15th State Legislative Assembly did not participate in this election.
Opinion polls
The following table shows recent opinion polling from last two weeks.
Results
Summary
Seats that changed allegiance
Election pendulum
The
14th general election witnessed 29 seats from the government side and 31 seats from the non-government side filled the State Legislative Assembly. This count, however, did not include 6 seats from
United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation
The United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (; abbrev: UPKO) is a multiracial political party based in Sabah, Malaysia. The party was rebranded from its previous party's name, United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation using the sa ...
(UPKO) and 4 from
United Malays National Organisation
The United Malays National Organisation (Abbreviation, abbrev: UMNO; , PEKEMBAR) is a Conservatism, conservative, Nationalism, Malay nationalist political party in Malaysia. As the oldest national political party in the country (since its ince ...
(UMNO) that switched allegiance from Musa to Shafie. The government side has 11 safe seats and 4 fairly safe seats, while the non-government side has 2 safe seats and 5 fairly safe seats.
Aftermath
The GRS governing coalition formed in September 2020 after the victory consists of
*
United Malays National Organisation
The United Malays National Organisation (Abbreviation, abbrev: UMNO; , PEKEMBAR) is a Conservatism, conservative, Nationalism, Malay nationalist political party in Malaysia. As the oldest national political party in the country (since its ince ...
(UMNO) (14) :
Barisan National Party seat – Won 14 seats
*
Malaysian United Indigenous Party
The Malaysian United Indigenous Party ( Malay: ''Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia''; abbrev: BERSATU or PPBM) is a nationalist political party in Malaysia. The party was preceded by the United Indigenous Association of Malaysia ( Malay: ) and ...
(BERSATU) (11),
Homeland Solidarity Party
Homeland Solidarity Party ( abbrev: STAR; ) is a Sabah-based political party in Malaysia. The party was founded on 1 July 2016 by Joseph Pairin Kitingan's brother Jeffrey. STAR Party was one of four founding parties of the United Sabah Allia ...
(STAR) (6) :
Perikatan Nasional
Perikatan Nasional (PN; ) is a Malaysian Parliamentary group, political coalition consisting of Right-wing politics, right-wing and Far-right politics, far-right political parties. It is the second largest political coalition in Dewan Rakyat w ...
– Won 17 seats
* With support from
United Sabah Party
The United Sabah Party or formerly known as United Sabah Movement (; Abbreviation, abbrev: PBS) is a political party of Sabah. PBS had been recognized by the people of Sabah as ''historical local party'' since 1985. The PBS was founded by Josep ...
(PBS) (7).
Warisan saw a gain of 2 more seats from its previous 21 seats in the 2018 election. While its ally PKR and DAP retained their number of seats with 2 and 6 respectively. Warisan also made history by becoming the first and only single party in Sabah to not govern the state despite winning the most seats overall.
On the other side, STAR, led by
Jeffrey Kitingan
Jeffrey Gapari Kitingan (born 22 October 1947, also known as DDJK or DSPDJK since 2021) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Cabinet of Sabah, Deputy Chief Minister of Sabah I since January 2023 and Cabinet of Sabah, State Minister ...
won 6 seats compared to 2 in the previous election, with most of the seats won hailing from the interior of Sabah which is dominated by the
Kadazan-Dusun
Kadazandusun (also written as Kadazan-Dusun or Mamasok) are the largest ethnic group in Sabah, Malaysia, an amalgamation of the closely related indigenous peoples, indigenous Kadazan people, Kadazan and Dusun people, Dusun peoples. "Kadazandus ...
-
Murut (KDM) community. UPKO, even though representing the KDM community, managed only 1 seat in this election, a loss from 6 seats in the previous election.
PPBM or Bersatu, despite being a Malay-based party from West Malaysia and contesting in Sabah for the first time, won 11 seats.
The elected assemblywoman for
Bugaya,
Manis Muka Mohd Darah from WARISAN later passed away in November 2020, triggering
a by-election which was not held until November 2022, concurrently with the
2022 Malaysian general election
General elections were held in Malaysia on Saturday, 19 November 2022. The prospect of snap elections had been considered high due to the political crisis that had been ongoing since 2020; political instability caused by coalition or party swi ...
. A few elected assemblymen also changed parties after the election; see
List of seats that changed allegiance in Sabah after state election 2020.
COVID-19 pandemic
Following the Sabah state government's announcement on 9 August that the state election would be held on 26 September, several members of the public and democracy observers urged local authorities to consider
postal voting
Postal voting is voting in an election where ballot papers are distributed to electors (and typically returned) by Mail, post, in contrast to electors voting in person at a polling place, polling station or electronically via an electronic voti ...
due to the ongoing pandemic and in order to reduce virus transmissions during the election. On 21 August, the High Court dismissed an appeal by 33 Sabah assemblymen against Governor Juhar Mahiruddin's consent for the dissolution of Sabah's legislative assembly, allowing the state election to go ahead. On 11 September, the Federal Court dismissed Datuk
Jahid Noordin Jahim's appeal to stop the election, allowing nominations to proceed the following day.
The return of voters and politicians from Sabah to Peninsular Malaysia has caused a significant influx of COVID-19 cases in Malaysia. Daily reported cases increased to three digit numbers. Several of these ministers and politicians had reportedly not complied with standard procedures around COVID-19. On 14 October, the Federal Government announced the implementation of a Conditional Movement Control Order in
Selangor
Selangor ( ; ), also known by the Arabic language, Arabic honorific Darul Ehsan, or "Abode of Sincerity", is one of the 13 states of Malaysia. It is on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and is bordered by Perak to the north, Pahang to the e ...
,
Putrajaya
Putrajaya (), officially the Federal Territory of Putrajaya (), is the administrative centre of Malaysia. The Seat of government, seat of the Government of Malaysia, federal government of Malaysia was moved in 1999 from Kuala Lumpur to Putrajay ...
and
Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur (KL), officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, is the capital city and a Federal Territories of Malaysia, federal territory of Malaysia. It is the largest city in the country, covering an area of with a census population ...
due to the rising number of cases.
Effects of the 2022 general election
Following the results of the Malaysian general election in November 2022, and the formation of government consisting of the alliance between Pakatan Harapan and Barisan Nasional, GRS announced their inclusion into the alliance (despite GRS members Bersatu, SAPP and STAR aligning with Perikatan Nasional at the time), and signed a cooperation agreement with other parties involved on 16 December 2022. On 10 December 2022, MLAs and MPs from Bersatu Sabah announced they will quit the party and become direct member of GRS, in line of the coalition at federal level. On 17 December 2022, GRS officially expelled Bersatu from the coalition. STAR, another member party of both GRS and PN, announced its exit from PN on 5 December 2022. SAPP is the only member party of both GRS and PN as of December 2022, however the party leader
Yong Teck Lee
Yong Teck Lee or also better known as ''Malay titles#Datuk Sri, Datuk Seri Panglima Mr.'' YTL ''(name abbreviation)'' ( zh, t=楊德利, s=杨德利, p=Yáng Délì; born 3 October 1958) is a Malaysian politician and lawyer who has served as t ...
announced its exit from PN in December 2024.
Aside from the change above, the status quo is not changed for the government in Sabah. Even though PH and WARISAN is allied with GRS at federal level, they are still opposition to the GRS-led administration at state level.
2023 political crisis
See also
*
Politics of Malaysia
Politics of Malaysia takes place in the framework of a federal representative democratic constitutional monarchy, in which the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is head of state and the Prime Minister of Malaysia is the head of government. Executive powe ...
*
List of political parties in Malaysia
This is a list of political parties in Malaysia, including existing and historical ones.
Legislation
Under the current legislation, all political parties (termed "Political Associations") must be registered under the Societies Act.
Anti-hoppi ...
Notes
References
{{Authority control
Sabah
Sabah () is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia located in northern Borneo, in the region of East Malaysia. Sabah has land borders with the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the southwest and Indonesia's North Kalima ...
COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia
Sabah state elections
Sabah
Sabah () is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia located in northern Borneo, in the region of East Malaysia. Sabah has land borders with the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the southwest and Indonesia's North Kalima ...