At 02:10 PM local time ( UTC-5) on 28 January 2020, an

earthquake An earthquakealso called a quake, tremor, or tembloris the shaking of the Earth's surface resulting from a sudden release of energy in the lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from those so weak they ...

with a

magnitude Magnitude may refer to: Mathematics *Euclidean vector, a quantity defined by both its magnitude and its direction *Magnitude (mathematics), the relative size of an object *Norm (mathematics), a term for the size or length of a vector *Order of ...

of 7.7 struck the north side of the

Cayman Trough The Cayman Trough (also known as the Cayman Trench, Bartlett Deep and Bartlett Trough) is a complex transform fault zone pull-apart basin which contains a small spreading ridge, the Mid-Cayman Rise, on the floor of the western Caribbean Sea bet ...

, north of

Jamaica Jamaica is an island country in the Caribbean Sea and the West Indies. At , it is the third-largest island—after Cuba and Hispaniola—of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean. Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, west of Hispaniola (the is ...

and west of the southern tip of

Cuba Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...

, with the

epicenter The epicenter (), epicentre, or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates. Determination The primary purpose of a ...

being 80 miles (130 km) east-southeast of

Cayman Brac Cayman Brac is an island that is part of the Cayman Islands. It lies in the Caribbean Sea about north-east of Grand Cayman and east of Little Cayman. It is about long, with an average width of . Its terrain is the most prominent of the thre ...

Cayman Islands The Cayman Islands () is a self-governing British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territory, and the largest by population. The territory comprises the three islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac and Little Cayman, which are located so ...

, and 83 miles (134 km) north of

Montego Bay Montego Bay () is the capital of the Parishes of Jamaica, parish of Saint James Parish, Jamaica, St. James in Jamaica. The city is the fourth most populous urban area in the country, after Kingston, Jamaica, Kingston, Spanish Town, and Portmore ...

. Schools in Jamaica, as well as corporate and public buildings in

Miami Miami is a East Coast of the United States, coastal city in the U.S. state of Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, Florida, Miami-Dade County in South Florida. It is the core of the Miami metropolitan area, which, with a populat ...

, were evacuated after shaking was experienced in parts of the U.S. state of

Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...

, a region not typically thought of in-relation to seismic activity. Light shaking was also reported on the

Yucatán Peninsula The Yucatán Peninsula ( , ; ) is a large peninsula in southeast Mexico and adjacent portions of Belize and Guatemala. The peninsula extends towards the northeast, separating the Gulf of Mexico to the north and west of the peninsula from the C ...

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

. The quake was the largest seismic event in the Caribbean since

1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...

. A

tsunami warning A tsunami warning system (TWS) is used to detect tsunamis in advance and issue the warnings to prevent loss of life and damage to property. It is made up of two equally important components: a network of sensors to detect tsunamis and a communic ...

for the

Caribbean Sea The Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere, located south of the Gulf of Mexico and southwest of the Sargasso Sea. It is bounded by the Greater Antilles to the north from Cuba ...

was initially issued by the

Pacific Tsunami Warning Center The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC), located on Ford Island, Hawaii, is one of two tsunami warning centers in the United States, covering Hawaii, Guam, American Samoa and the Northern Mariana Islands in the Pacific, as well as Puerto Ric ...

, later being withdrawn.

Tectonic setting

The January 28, 2020, earthquake occurred near the boundary of the

Gonâve microplate Gonave may refer to: *Gulf of Gonâve *Gonâve Island * Gonâve Microplate See also *Gonaïves Gonaïves (; also Les Gonaïves; , ) is a commune in northern Haiti, and the capital of the Artibonite department of Haiti. The population was 356,3 ...

, a small strip of

Oceanic crust Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of the tectonic plates. It is composed of the upper oceanic crust, with pillow lavas and a dike complex, and the lower oceanic crust, composed of troctolite, gabbro and ultramaf ...

between the North American and Caribbean plate. It is bounded to both north and south by large

transform fault A transform fault or transform boundary, is a fault (geology), fault along a plate boundary where the motion (physics), motion is predominantly Horizontal plane, horizontal. It ends abruptly where it connects to another plate boundary, either an ...

s that together accommodate the relative displacement of the two major plates. The

Septentrional–Oriente fault zone The Septentrional–Orient fault zone (SOFZ) is a system of active coaxial left lateral-moving strike slip faults that runs along the northern side of the island of Hispaniola where Haiti and the Dominican Republic are located and continues along ...

runs north, mainly left-lateral strike-slip motion at approximately 10 mm/yr. Major left-lateral strike-slip faults, the Walton fault zone and the

Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone The Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone (EPGFZ or EPGZ) is a system of active coaxial left lateral-moving strike slip faults which runs along the southern side of the island of Hispaniola, where Haiti and the Dominican Republic are located. ...

, are major left-lateral strike-slip faults with a slip of approximately 9 mm/yr. These faults are interrupted in Jamaica by the Jamaica restraining bend. Large magnitude earthquakes in the Caribbean are primarily located along the boundaries of the

, a region with high seismicity due to plate interactions.

United States Geological Survey The United States Geological Survey (USGS), founded as the Geological Survey, is an agency of the U.S. Department of the Interior whose work spans the disciplines of biology, geography, geology, and hydrology. The agency was founded on Mar ...

's historical earthquake database shows 25 earthquakes with ≥ M_w6.0 since the 1900s, including two other earthquakes with ≥ M_w7.0, such as the

Haiti earthquake Some of the earthquakes in Haiti have been very destructive to the country. The widespread damage and high-number of casualties of events in 2010 and 2021 can be partially blamed on the fact that most of the population in Haiti resides in structur ...

in 2010 and the Honduras earthquake in 2018. The M_w7.7 Caribbean earthquake was the most powerful event in this region, with the mainshock occurring in a seismic gap along the Oriente fault, likely a typical earthquake for this seismic gap. NorthAndesPlate

The boundaries of the Caribbean plate showcase a variety of intricate tectonic interactions involving four significant neighboring plates: the North American plate,

South American plate The South American plate is a major tectonic plate which includes the continent of South America as well as a sizable region of the Atlantic Ocean seabed extending eastward to the African plate, with which it forms the southern part of the Mid ...

Nazca plate The Nazca plate or Nasca plate, named after the Nazca region of southern Peru, is an oceanic list of tectonic plates, tectonic plate in the eastern Pacific Ocean basin off the west coast of South America. The ongoing subduction, along the Peru– ...

, and Cocos plate. To the north, the North American plate moves westward at a rate of roughly 20 mm per

year A year is a unit of time based on how long it takes the Earth to orbit the Sun. In scientific use, the tropical year (approximately 365 Synodic day, solar days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 45 seconds) and the sidereal year (about 20 minutes longer) ...

. This movement is managed by key transform faults, including the Swan Islands Transform Fault and the

, which stretch from

Roatán Roatán () is an island in the Caribbean, about off the northern coast of Honduras. The largest of the Bay Islands Department, Bay Islands of Honduras, it is located between the islands of Utila and Guanaja. It is approximately long, and le ...

Haiti Haiti, officially the Republic of Haiti, is a country on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and south of the Bahamas. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island, which it shares with the Dominican ...

. Farther east, between the

Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean Sea in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean. It shares a Maritime boundary, maritime border with Puerto Rico to the east and ...

and

Barbuda Barbuda (; ) is an island and dependency located in the eastern Caribbean forming part of the twin-island state of Antigua and Barbuda as an autonomous entity. Barbuda is located approximately north of Antigua. The only settlements on the i ...

, the interaction between the North American and Caribbean plates grows more complicated. Part of this motion is absorbed by the subduction of the North American plate beneath the Caribbean plate, resulting in the formation of the

Puerto Rico Trench The Puerto Rico Trench is located on the boundary between the North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, parallel to and north of Puerto Rico, where the oceanic trench reaches the deepest points in the Atlantic Ocean. The trench is associated with ...

and a region of intermediate-depth earthquakes. Further to the south and east, the boundary arcs around

Puerto Rico ; abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a Government of Puerto Rico, self-governing Caribbean Geography of Puerto Rico, archipelago and island organized as an Territories of the United States, unincorporated territo ...

and the northern

Lesser Antilles The Lesser Antilles is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea, forming part of the West Indies in Caribbean, Caribbean region of the Americas. They are distinguished from the larger islands of the Greater Antilles to the west. They form an arc w ...

, creating an active

island arc Island arcs are long archipelago, chains of active volcanoes with intense earthquake, seismic activity found along convergent boundary, convergent plate tectonics, tectonic plate boundaries. Most island arcs originate on oceanic crust and have re ...

. The subduction of the North and South American plates under the Caribbean plate, occurring at a pace of 20 mm per

, generates intermediate-depth earthquakes and fuels volcanic activity. Along the southern edge, the plate boundary with the South American plate involves east–west motion, passing through areas like

Trinidad Trinidad is the larger, more populous island of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, the country. The island lies off the northeastern coast of Venezuela and sits on the continental shelf of South America. It is the southernmost island in ...

and western

Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...

. This segment is defined by prominent transform faults and shallow seismic activity. The

Panama fracture zone The Panama fracture zone is a major, active right lateral-moving transform fault and associated inactive fracture zone which forms part of the tectonic boundary between the Cocos plate and the Nazca plate, the Cocos–Nazca spreading centre. It i ...

is the most seismically dynamic transform boundary, located between the Cocos and Nazca plates. It extends to the Galapagos Rift Zone and the

Middle America Trench The Middle America Trench is a major subduction zone, an oceanic trench in the eastern Pacific Ocean off the southwestern coast of Middle America, stretching from central Mexico to Costa Rica. The trench is 1,700 miles (2,750 km) long an ...

, forming a critical part of the Cocos-Nazca-Caribbean

triple junction A triple junction is the point where the boundaries of three tectonic plates meet. At the triple junction each of the three boundaries will be one of three types – a ridge (R), trench (T) or transform fault (F) – and triple junctions can be ...

. Earthquakes here are generally shallow and moderate in magnitude, with faulting primarily exhibiting right-lateral strike-slip behavior.

Earthquake

Caribbean earthquake

The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.7 M_w and an estimated depth of . The

focal mechanism The focal mechanism of an earthquake describes the Fault (geology)#Slip.2C heave.2C throw, deformation in the Hypocenter, source region that generates the seismic waves. In the case of a Fault (geology), fault-related event, it refers to the ori ...

, combined with an analysis of seismic waveforms, is consistent with strike-slip motion on the Septentrional-Oriente fault zone. The mainshock was followed by a series of

aftershock In seismology, an aftershock is a smaller earthquake that follows a larger earthquake, in Epicenter, the same area of the Mainshock, main shock, caused as the displaced Crust (geology), crust adjusts to the effects of the main shock. Large earthq ...

s, with the largest being a 6.1 M_w event that occurred less than three hours later, to the southeast of Grand Cayman. The modelled rupture zone extends from just west of the epicenter of the M_w6.1 aftershock to just east of the mainshock epicenter, suggesting unilateral westward propagation. Two episodes of supershear rupture have been identified from the inversion of teleseismic

P wave A P wave (primary wave or pressure wave) is one of the two main types of elastic body waves, called seismic waves in seismology. P waves travel faster than other seismic waves and hence are the first signal from an earthquake to arrive at any ...

forms.

Earthquake History in the Caribbean

In the

Caribbean The Caribbean ( , ; ; ; ) is a region in the middle of the Americas centered around the Caribbean Sea in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, mostly overlapping with the West Indies. Bordered by North America to the north, Central America ...

, earthquakes occur frequently, and sometimes, they cause tsunamis. The largest earthquake in the Caribbean occurred on February 8, 1843; its estimated magnitude is 8.0-8.5 M_w, and it caused 4,000–6,000 deaths and strong shaking that caused damage was felt from

Sint Maarten Sint Maarten () is a Countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands located in the Caribbean region of North America. With a population of 58,477 as of June 2023 on an area of , it encompasses ...

Dominica Dominica, officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island country in the Caribbean. It is part of the Windward Islands chain in the Lesser Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean Sea. The capital, Roseau, is located on the western side of t ...

, even felt 2,000 km away in

Washington (state) Washington, officially the State of Washington, is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is often referred to as Washington State to distinguish it from Washington, D.C., the national capital, both n ...

and

Vermont Vermont () is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York (state), New York to the west, and the Provinces and territories of Ca ...

. The

Cibao The Cibao, usually referred as El Cibao, is a region of the Dominican Republic located in the northern part of the country. As of 2009, the Cibao region has a population of 5,622,378, making it the most populous region in the country. The region ...

earthquake was the largest recorded earthquake in the Caribbean in 1946, with a magnitude of 8.1 M_w, and caused 75 deaths and 20,000 homeless. This earthquake was continued with aftershocks until 1947–48.

Significant Earthquakes in the Caribbean

The 1842

Cap-Haïtien Cap-Haïtien (; ; "Haitian Cape") is a List of communes of Haiti, commune of about 400,000 people on the north coast of Haiti and capital of the Departments of Haiti, department of Nord (Haitian department), Nord. Previously named ''Cap‑Fran� ...

earthquake was a major earthquake that took place on the Oriente Fault. The Epicenter of the earthquake was right in between the

and

. The earthquake was around an 8.1 in magnitude and was felt all around the surrounding areas. It destroyed all the nearby cities including:

Port-de-Paix Port-de-Paix (; or ; meaning "Port of Peace") is a List of communes of Haiti, commune and the capital of the Nord-Ouest (department), Nord-Ouest Departments of Haiti, department of Haiti on the Atlantic coast. It has a population of 462,000 (201 ...

, Mole-Saint-Nicolas,

Santiago de los Caballeros Santiago de los Caballeros ("James, son of Zebedee, Saint James of the Knights"), often shortened to Santiago, is the second-largest city in the Dominican Republic and the fourth-largest city in the Caribbean by population. It is the capital of ...

, and many more. This earthquake was also much more devastating because it was on land compared the to 2020 Caribbean Earthquake because that epicenter was in the sea. In this earthquake, there was many fatalities. It is estimated that there were roughly 6,000 killed. About 5,000 were killed in the city of

alone and another 200-300 more were killed from a tsunami that followed. The rest were killed in other towns surrounding the area. Another Earthquake that took place in

nearby, just a little more south, was the

2010 Haiti Earthquake The 2010 Haiti earthquake was a catastrophic Moment magnitude scale, magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake that struck Haiti at 16:53 local time (21:53 UTC) on Tuesday, 12 January 2010. The epicenter was near the town of Léogâne, Ouest (departm ...

. This earthquake had a magnitude of 7 and the epicenter was 16 miles west of the capital,

Port-au-Prince Port-au-Prince ( ; ; , ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Haiti, most populous city of Haiti. The city's population was estimated at 1,200,000 in 2022 with the metropolitan area estimated at a population of 2,618,894. The me ...

. The depth of the earthquake was very shallow at a depth of about 8 miles, which made the earthquake so much more destructive. Massive damage was done to the infrastructure from the shaking and many important buildings, such as schools, hospitals, and the

Presidential Palace A presidential palace is the official residence of the president in some countries. Some presidential palaces were once the official residences to monarchs in former monarchies that were preserved during those states' transition into republics. ...

were destroyed. Over 1.5 million people were left homeless from their houses being destroyed. A range of roughly 100,000 to more than 300,000 deaths occurred and hundreds of thousands more were left injured. This earthquake was so destructive due to Haiti's weak infrastructure and their lack of disaster preparedness because most people in their country are living in poverty. 2020 Caribbean earthquake occurred on the ocean, but 2010 Haiti earthquake occurred on the continent so there was more damage compared to 2020 Caribbean earthquake. The 1947 Guantanamo earthquake was another earthquake that took place on the Oriente Fault. The epicenter for this earthquake is about 60 kilometers South-west on Guantanamo, Cuba. The earthquake has a magnitude of roughly 6.8 and was another devastating disaster that took place in

Central America Central America is a subregion of North America. Its political boundaries are defined as bordering Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest. Central America is usually ...

. Buildings and structures in the surrounding regions were damaged from the severe shaking. Although there was building collapses damage to the infrastructure, the earthquake itself wasn't as strong as other earthquakes in the area, so there were little to no deaths from this earthquake.

Impact

Cayman Islands

There were cracked roads and many

sinkhole A sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer. The term is sometimes used to refer to doline, enclosed depressions that are also known as shakeholes, and to openings where surface water ...

s. A minor tsunami of was recorded. All government schools were closed to allow inspections for possible damage, but they were all reopened on January 30 as no major damage had been found that related to the earthquake. Several sinkholes opened up around

Grand Cayman Grand Cayman is the largest of the three Cayman Islands and the location of the territory's capital, George Town, Cayman Islands, George Town. In relation to the other two Cayman Islands, it is approximately 75 miles (121 km) southwest of L ...

and it caused damaged to some vehicles and properties. At least four cars were affected by sinkholes.

Owen Roberts International Airport Owen Roberts International Airport is an airport serving Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. It is the main international airport for the Cayman Islands as well as the main base for Cayman Airways. The airport is named after British Royal Air For ...

was evacuated after the initial shaking, fortunately, there was no damage to it. There was some structural damage on both

and Grand Cayman. After the quake, some shelters were opened around 2:30 pm for a possible tsunami. Water services were interrupted due to damage to water pipes in some part of Grand Cayman.

Jamaica

The

estimated that some parts of Jamaica and Cuba because they were two closest countries from the epicenter. A six-story building on the Mona campus of the

University of the West Indies The University of the West Indies (UWI), originally University College of the West Indies, is a public university system established to serve the higher education needs of the residents of 18 English-speaking countries and territories in t ...

, containing approximately 300 students, was evacuated. Damage was reported from at least two

parishes A parish is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest, often termed a parish priest, who might be assisted by one or ...

in western Jamaica. Some offices were temporarily evacuated in part of Jamaica. Structural damage in western Jamaica towns like Lucea and

were reported. The U.S. Tsunami Warning Center and

warned a tsunami after the earthquake for Jamaica and some other countries. Minor flooding took place near the western coastline, but no tsunami occurred. Downtown

Kingston Kingston may refer to: Places * List of places called Kingston, including the six most populated: ** Kingston, Jamaica ** Kingston upon Hull, England ** City of Kingston, Victoria, Australia ** Kingston, Ontario, Canada ** Kingston upon Thames, ...

employees working in high-rise buildings evacuated as a precaution as well.

Cuba

Tremors were felt on the southern coast of the island. A spokesman for

Guantanamo Bay Naval Base Guantanamo Bay Naval Base (), officially known as Naval Station Guantanamo Bay or NSGB, (also called GTMO, pronounced Gitmo as jargon by the U.S. military) is a United States military base located on of land and water on the shore of Guant ...

stated that there were no reports of damage or injuries.

Granma Province Granma is one of the provinces of Cuba. Its capital is Bayamo. Other towns include Manzanillo (a port on the Gulf of Guacanayabo) and Pilón. History The province takes its name from the yacht '' Granma'', used by Che Guevara and Fidel Castro ...

was affected by the strongest shaking, being closest to the epicenter. A survey carried out by the National Center for Seismological Research, found that one house had completely collapsed and another 300 showed some damage. The houses affected were all ones that were not in good condition before the earthquake. Damage was also reported from some schools and daycare centers.

United States

Tremors were felt throughout Florida. Several people self-reported that they felt the earthquake on the Geological Survey's website, with instances including

West Palm Beach West Palm Beach is a city in and the county seat of Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. It is located immediately to the west of the adjacent Palm Beach, Florida, Palm Beach, which is situated on a barrier island across the Lake Worth Lag ...

Fort Pierce Fort Pierce is a city in and the county seat of St. Lucie County, Florida, United States. The city is part of the Treasure Coast region of Florida’s Atlantic Coast. It is also known as the Sunrise City. Per the 2020 United States census, 2020 ...

, Port St. Lucie,

Vero Beach Vero Beach is a city in and the county seat of Indian River County, Florida, United States. According to the 2020 census, the city had a population of 16,354. Nicknamed "The Hibiscus City", Vero is situated about southeast of Orlando along the ...

Cocoa Cocoa may refer to: Chocolate * Chocolate * ''Theobroma cacao'', the cocoa tree * Cocoa bean, seed of ''Theobroma cacao'' * Chocolate liquor, or cocoa liquor, pure, liquid chocolate extracted from the cocoa bean, including both cocoa butter and ...

and

Orlando Orlando commonly refers to: * Orlando, Florida, a city in the United States Orlando may also refer to: People * Orlando (given name), a masculine name, includes a list of people with the name * Orlando (surname), includes a list of people wit ...

according to "Did you Feel It?" data, a citizen-reporting tool used to measure the potential reach of earthquakes. In

, the stadium at

University of Central Florida The University of Central Florida (UCF) is a public university, public research university with its main campus in unincorporated area, unincorporated Orange County, Florida, United States. It is part of the State University System of Florida. ...

shook. Several buildings were evacuated in

Miami-Dade County Miami-Dade County () is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Florida. The county had a population of 2,701,767 as of the 2020 census, making it the most populous county in Florida and the seventh-most-populous coun ...

(450 miles away). Several government buildings in

Downtown Miami Downtown Miami is the urban city center of Miami, Florida, United States. The city's greater downtown region consists of the Central Business District, Brickell, the Historic District, Government Center, the Arts & Entertainment District, and ...

were evacuated, initially on a volunteer basis until a full evacuation was ordered by the local fire department.

Mexico

There was shaking in southern Mexico in places such as Yucatan and

Quintana Roo Quintana Roo, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Quintana Roo, is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, constitute the 32 administrative divisions of Mexico, federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into municipalities of ...

. Damage was relatively mild, but the most important part was that Mexico was prepared. Areas that had a chance of getting affected were evacuated well before the event occurred due to the well-established protocols in place. There were no casualties due to the earthquake and everything returned to normal soon after the earthquake had hit.

References

{{Use dmy dates, date=January 2020

2020 in Jamaica 2020 in Cuba Natural disasters in Jamaica Earthquakes in the Caribbean Earthquakes in Cuba January 2020 in North America Supershear earthquakes 2020 tsunamis