Local elections were held in
Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...
on 9 October 2005. The election consisted of three separate elections in the 308
Portuguese municipalities, the election for the
Municipal Chambers, whose winner is automatically elected mayor, similar to
first-past-the-post
First-past-the-post (FPTP)—also called choose-one, first-preference plurality (FPP), or simply plurality—is a single-winner voting rule. Voters mark one candidate as their favorite, or First-preference votes, first-preference, and the cand ...
(FPTP), another election for the
Municipal Assembly and a last one for the lower-level
Parish Assembly, whose winner is elected parish president. This last was held separately in the more than 4,000 parishes around the country.
The
Socialist Party
Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold some form of socialism, though they may have very different interpretations of what "socialism" means. Statistically, most of th ...
may be considered the major defeated party of this election due to a slight loss of mandates. The Socialists did, however, achieve a better percentage of the vote in relation to the
election of 2001.
On the right, the
Social Democratic Party
The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology.
Active parties
Form ...
stole some municipalities from the Socialists, some of them in coalition with the
People's Party that was reduced to only one municipality in stand-alone candidacies,
Ponte de Lima
Ponte de Lima () is the oldest ''vila'' (chartered town, head of a municipality) in Portugal, in the district of Viana do Castelo (district), Viana do Castelo. Situated on the southern bank of the Lima River, it takes its name from the medieval br ...
, continuing its decline in comparison, for example, with the 36 mayors achieved in 1976.
On the left, the
Unitary Democratic Coalition
The Unitary Democratic Coalition (, CDU) is an electoral and political coalition between the Portuguese Communist Party () and the Ecologist Party "The Greens" ( Portuguese: Partido Ecologista "Os Verdes" or PEV). The coalition also integrates ...
, led by the
Communist Party, regained some of its former influence, taking 4 municipalities and several parishes from the Socialists in the districts of
Beja,
Évora
Évora ( , ), officially the Very Noble and Ever Loyal City of Évora (), is a city and a municipalities of Portugal, municipality in Portugal. It has 53,591 inhabitants (2021), in an area of . It is the historic capital of the Alentejo reg ...
and
Setúbal
Setúbal ( , , ; ), officially the City of Setúbal (), is a city and a municipality in Portugal. The population of the entire municipality in 2014 was 118,166, occupying an area of . The city itself had 89,303 inhabitants in 2001. It lies withi ...
and
Leiria
Leiria () is a city and municipality in the Central Region, Portugal, Central Region of Portugal. It is the 2nd largest city in that same region, after Coimbra, with a municipality population of 128,640 (as of 2021) in an area of . It is the seat o ...
achieving a total of 32 mayors, and winning, for the first time, the election in
Peniche. The
Left Bloc kept the presidency of its single municipality,
Salvaterra de Magos
Salvaterra de Magos () is a municipality in the district of Santarém in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 22,159, in an area of 243.93 km2.
The present Mayor is Hélder Manuel Ramalho de Sousa Esménio of the PS. The previous mayor Ana ...
.
The election was also remarkable for the several victories of independent candidates, most of them former Socialist, Social Democratic and People's Party candidates who were expelled or given no confidence, because of corruption accusations, by their respective parties and, even so, became mayors. The best known were
Valentim Loureiro
Valentim dos Santos de Loureiro ComM (born 24 December 1938 in Calde, Viseu) is a Portuguese politician and former football chairman of Boavista and Portuguese League for Professional Football. He has the rank of Major of the Portuguese Army. ...
in
Gondomar,
Fátima Felgueiras in
Felgueiras
Felgueiras () is a municipality in Porto District, Portugal. The current mayor is Nuno Fonseca. There are two cities located in the municipality: Felgueiras (city status received on 13 July 1990) and Lixa. The population in 2011 was 58,065, in a ...
and Isaltino Morais in
Oeiras.
Parties
The main political forces involved in the election were:
*
Left Bloc (BE)
*
People's Party (CDS–PP)
*
Democratic Unity Coalition
The Unitary Democratic Coalition (, CDU) is an electoral and political coalition between the Portuguese Communist Party () and the Ecologist Party "The Greens" ( Portuguese: Partido Ecologista "Os Verdes" or PEV). The coalition also integrates t ...
(CDU)
*
Socialist Party
Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold some form of socialism, though they may have very different interpretations of what "socialism" means. Statistically, most of th ...
(PS)
*
Social Democratic Party
The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology.
Active parties
Form ...
(PSD)
Voter turnout
The table below shows voter turnout throughout election day.
Results
Municipal Councils
National summary of votes and seats
, -
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left,
Parties
A party is a gathering of people who have been invited by a host for the purposes of socializing, conversation, recreation, or as part of a festival or other commemoration or celebration of a special occasion. A party will often feature ...
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=±
pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center", Councillors
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center", Mayors
, - style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center", Total
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center", ±
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center", Total
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center", ±
, -
,
, 1,933,041, , 35.87, , 1.8, , 307, , 853, , 24, , 109, , 4
, -
,
, 1,523,526, , 28.27, , 0.1, , 245, , 742, , 32, , 138, , 4
, -
,
, 589,384, , 10.94, , 0.3, , 301, , 203, , 4, , 32, , 4
, -
, style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" ,
, align=left,
Social Democratic
Social democracy is a Social philosophy, social, Economic ideology, economic, and political philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy and a gradualist, reformist, and democratic approach toward achi ...
/
People's
People's, branded as ''People's ViennaLine'' until May 2018, and legally ''Altenrhein Luftfahrt GmbH'', is an Austro-Swiss airline headquartered in Vienna, Austria. It operates scheduled and charter passenger flights mainly from its base at St. ...
, 462,199, , 8.58, , 0.4, , 42, , 131, , 17, , 18, , 3
, -
,
, 165,192, , 3.07, , 0.6, , 185, , 30, , 9, , 1, , 2
, -
,
, 158,953, , 2.95, , 1.8, , 111, , 7, , 1, , 1, , 0
, -
, style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" ,
, align=left, Independents
, 133,380, , 2.47, , 0.9, , 27, , 45, , 14, , 7, , 4
, -
, style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" ,
, align=left,
PSD /
CDS–PP /
PPM
, 91,455, , 1.70, , 0.4, , 12, , 20, , 10, , 1, , 0
, -
, style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" ,
, align=left,
PSD /
CDS–PP /
PPM /
MPT
, 71,153, , 1.32, , —, , 3, , 11, , —, , 1, , —
, -
,
, 15,421, , 0.29, , 0.0, , 19, , 0, , 0, , 0, , 0
, -
,
, 5,096, , 0.09, , 0.0, , 13, , 0, , 0, , 0, , 0
, -
,
, 2,045, , 0.04, , —, , 4, , 0, , —, , 0, , —
, -
,
, 1,759, , 0.03, , 0.0, , 5, , 0, , 0, , 0, , 0
, -
, style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" ,
, align=left,
PSD /
CDS–PP /
MPT
, 1,670, , 0.03, , —, , 1, , 2, , —, , 0, , —
, -
,
, 1,582, , 0.03, , 0.2, , 4, , 0, , 4, , 0, , 1
, -
, style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" ,
, align=left,
PSD /
PPM
, 707, , 0.01, , 2.5, , 1, , 0, , 8, , 0, , 1
, -
, style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#1F468B align="center" ,
, align=left,
PND /
PPM
, 439, , 0.01, , —, , 1, , 0, , —, , 0, , —
, -
, style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#000080 align="center" ,
, align=left,
National Solidarity
, 244, , 0.00, , —, , 1, , 0, , —, , 0, , —
, -
, style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#0093DD align="center" ,
, align=left,
People's
People's, branded as ''People's ViennaLine'' until May 2018, and legally ''Altenrhein Luftfahrt GmbH'', is an Austro-Swiss airline headquartered in Vienna, Austria. It operates scheduled and charter passenger flights mainly from its base at St. ...
/
Social Democratic
Social democracy is a Social philosophy, social, Economic ideology, economic, and political philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy and a gradualist, reformist, and democratic approach toward achi ...
, 109, , 0.00, , 0.2, , 1, , 0, , 6, , 0, , 0
, -
, style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#0093DD align="center" ,
, align=left,
CDS–PP /
PSD /
PPM
, 11, , 0.00, , —, , 1, , 0, , —, , 0, , —
, -
, colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9", Total valid
, width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 5,159,104
, width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 95.73
, width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 0.6
, width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", —
, width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 2,046
, width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 2
, width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 308
, width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 0
, -
, colspan=2, Blank ballots
, 139,012, , 2.58, , 0.4, , colspan=6 rowspan=4,
, -
, colspan=2, Invalid ballots
, 90,919, , 1.69, , 0.2
, -
, colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9", Total
, width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 5,389,035
, width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 100.00
, width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9",
, -
, colspan=2, Registered voters/turnout
, , 8,843,875, , 60.94, , 0.8
Municipality map
City control
The following table lists party control in all district capitals, highlighted in bold, as well as in municipalities above 100,000 inhabitants. Population estimates from the 2001 Census.
Municipal Assemblies
National summary of votes and seats
, -
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left,
Parties
A party is a gathering of people who have been invited by a host for the purposes of socializing, conversation, recreation, or as part of a festival or other commemoration or celebration of a special occasion. A party will often feature ...
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=±
pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center", Mandates
, - style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center", Total
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center", ±
, -
,
, align= 1,923,468
, align=35.68
, align=1.7
, align=307
, align=2,794
, align=73
, -
,
, align=1,454,256
, align=26.98
, align=0.2
, align= 245
, align=2,416
, align=52
, -
,
, align=628,881
, align=11.67
, align=0.6
, align=301
, align=722
, align=13
, -
, style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" ,
, align=left,
Social Democratic
Social democracy is a Social philosophy, social, Economic ideology, economic, and political philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy and a gradualist, reformist, and democratic approach toward achi ...
/
People's
People's, branded as ''People's ViennaLine'' until May 2018, and legally ''Altenrhein Luftfahrt GmbH'', is an Austro-Swiss airline headquartered in Vienna, Austria. It operates scheduled and charter passenger flights mainly from its base at St. ...
, align=454,972
, align=8.44
, align=0.9
, align=41
, align=407
, align=20
, -
,
, align=212,652
, align=3.95
, align=2.4
, align=115
, align=114
, align=86
, -
,
, align=175,927
, align=3.26
, align=1.0
, align=162
, align=190
, align=63
, -
, style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" ,
, align=left, Independents
, align= 115,999
, align= 2.15
, align=1.0
, align= 25
, align= 121
, align=28
, -
, style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" ,
, align=left,
PSD /
CDS–PP /
PPM
, align= 90,670
, align= 1.68
, align=0.5
, align=13
, align= 73
, align=33
, -
, style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" ,
, align=left,
PSD /
CDS–PP /
PPM /
MPT
, align=66,190
, align=1.23
, align=—
, align=3
, align=27
, align=—
, -
,
, align= 8,620
, align=0.16
, align=0.0
, align=9
, align=1
, align=0
, -
, style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#0093DD align="center" ,
, align=left,
People's
People's, branded as ''People's ViennaLine'' until May 2018, and legally ''Altenrhein Luftfahrt GmbH'', is an Austro-Swiss airline headquartered in Vienna, Austria. It operates scheduled and charter passenger flights mainly from its base at St. ...
/
Social Democratic
Social democracy is a Social philosophy, social, Economic ideology, economic, and political philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy and a gradualist, reformist, and democratic approach toward achi ...
, align= 2,768
, align= 0.05
, align=0.0
, align= 2
, align= 6
, align= 13
, -
, style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" ,
, align=left,
PSD /
CDS–PP /
MPT
, align= 1,641
, align= 0.03
, align= —
, align= 1
, align= 6
, align= —
, -
,
, align=1,590
, align=0.03
, align=0.2
, align=1
, align=0
, align=18
, -
,
, align=1,590
, align= 0.03
, align= —
, align= 2
, align= 1
, align= —
, -
,
, align= 1,011
, align= 0.02
, align= 0.0
, align= 6
, align= 5
, align= 5
, -
, style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#1F468B align="center" ,
, align=left,
PND /
PPM
, align= 831
, align= 0.02
, align= —
, align= 1
, align= 0
, align= —
, -
, style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" ,
, align=left,
PSD /
PPM
, align= 760
, align= 0.01
, align= 2.4
, align= 1
, align= 2
, align= 21
, -
,
, align= 200
, align= 0.00
, align= 0.0
, align= 2
, align= 0
, align= 0
, -
, style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#0093DD align="center" ,
, align=left,
CDS–PP /
PSD /
PPM
, align= 8
, align= 0.00
, align= —
, align= 1
, align= 0
, align= —
, -
, colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9", Total valid
, width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 5,161,181
, width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 95.72
, width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 0.3
, width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", —
, width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 6,885
, width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 9
, -
, colspan=2, Blank ballots
, 138,424, , 2.57, , 0.1, , colspan=6 rowspan=4,
, -
, colspan=2, Invalid ballots
, 92,140, , 1.71, , 0.2
, -
, colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9", Total
, width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 5,391,745
, width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 100.00
, width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9",
, -
, colspan=2, Registered voters/turnout
, , 8,847,385, , 60.94, , 0.8
Parish Assemblies
National summary of votes and seats
, -
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left,
Parties
A party is a gathering of people who have been invited by a host for the purposes of socializing, conversation, recreation, or as part of a festival or other commemoration or celebration of a special occasion. A party will often feature ...
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=±
pp swing
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=Candidacies
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center", Mandates
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center", Presidents
, - style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center", Total
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center", ±
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center", Total
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align="center", ±
, -
,
, align= 1,903,166
, align= 35.37
, align= 1.5
, align= 3,711
, align= 13,460
, align= 265
, align=1,518
, align= 5
, -
,
, align= 1,433,256
, align= 26.64
, align= 0.1
, align= 3,065
, align= 12,447
, align=299
, align= 1,723
, align= 74
, -
,
, align= 648,622
, align= 12.05
, align= 0.9
, align= 2,239
, align= 2,576
, align= 110
, align= 244
, align= 12
, -
, style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" ,
, align=left,
Social Democratic
Social democracy is a Social philosophy, social, Economic ideology, economic, and political philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy and a gradualist, reformist, and democratic approach toward achi ...
/
People's
People's, branded as ''People's ViennaLine'' until May 2018, and legally ''Altenrhein Luftfahrt GmbH'', is an Austro-Swiss airline headquartered in Vienna, Austria. It operates scheduled and charter passenger flights mainly from its base at St. ...
, align= 411,633
, align= 7.65
, align= 0.6
, align= 529
, align= 2,065
, align= 59
, align= 219
, align= 4
, -
, style="width: 8px" bgcolor=gray align="center" ,
, align=left, Independents
, align= 245,659
, align= 4.57
, align= 0.2
, align= 568
, align= 2,201
, align= 206
, align= 292
, align= 19
, -
,
, align= 146,898
, align= 2.73
, align= 1.6
, align= 448
, align= 229
, align= 183
, align= 3
, align= 3
, -
,
, align= 144,575
, align= 2.69
, align= 0.9
, align= 1,043
, align= 826
, align= 144
, align= 65
, align= 14
, -
, style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" ,
, align=left,
PSD /
CDS–PP /
PPM /
MPT
, align=95,175
, align= 1.77
, align= —
, align= 45
, align= 216
, align= —
, align= 19
, align= —
, -
, style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" ,
, align=left,
PSD /
CDS–PP /
PPM
, align= 84,398
, align= 1.57
, align= 0.7
, align= 125
, align= 400
, align= 98
, align= 34
, align= 2
, -
,
, align= 3,635
, align= 0.07
, align= 0.0
, align= 28
, align= 0
, align= 1
, align= 0
, align=0
, -
,
, align=3,184
, align=0.06
, align=—
, align=16
, align=7
, align=—
, align=0
, align=—
, -
,
, align=3,100
, align=0.06
, align=0.1
, align=7
, align=23
, align=97
, align=3
, align=15
, -
, style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" ,
, align=left,
PSD /
CDS–PP /
MPT
, align= 1,756
, align= 0.03
, align= —
, align= 12
, align= 32
, align= —
, align= 3
, align= —
, -
, style="width: 8px" bgcolor=#0093DD align="center" ,
, align=left,
People's
People's, branded as ''People's ViennaLine'' until May 2018, and legally ''Altenrhein Luftfahrt GmbH'', is an Austro-Swiss airline headquartered in Vienna, Austria. It operates scheduled and charter passenger flights mainly from its base at St. ...
/
Social Democratic
Social democracy is a Social philosophy, social, Economic ideology, economic, and political philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy and a gradualist, reformist, and democratic approach toward achi ...
, align=1,448
, align=0.03
, align=0.1
, align=2
, align=10
, align=57
, align=2
, align=6
, -
,
, align= 824
, align= 0.02
, align=0.0
, align= 10
, align=0
, align= 0
, align= 0
, align= 0
, -
, style="width: 9px" bgcolor=#FF9900 align="center" ,
, align=left,
PSD /
PPM
, align= 807
, align= 0.02
, align=2.3
, align= 5
, align= 6
, align= 259
, align= 0
, align= 18
, -
, style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#000080 align="center" ,
, align=left,
National Solidarity
, align= 72
, align= 0.00
, align= —
, align= 5
, align= 0
, align= —
, align= 0
, align= —
, -
,
, align= 38
, align= 0.00
, align= —
, align= 1
, align= 0
, align= —
, align= 0
, align= —
, -
,
, align= 27
, align= 0.00
, align= 0.0
, align= 1
, align= 0
, align= 1
, align= 0
, align= 0
, -
, colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9", Total valid
, width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 5,130,086
, width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 95.31
, width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 0.7
, width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", —
, width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 34,498
, width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", —
, width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 4,125
, width="45" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", —
, -
, colspan=2, Blank ballots
, 151,527, , 2.82, , 0.5, , colspan=6 rowspan=4,
, -
, colspan=2, Invalid ballots
, 101,067, , 1.88, , 0.2
, -
, colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9", Total
, width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 5,382,680
, width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 100.00
, width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9",
, -
, colspan=2, Registered voters/turnout
, , 8,832,693, , 60.94, , 0.9
Maps
File:Pt ploelection ta2005.PNG, The first and the second most voted parties in Municipal Assemblies in each district
A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municip ...
. (Azores and Madeira are not shown)
File:Pt ploelection pa2005.PNG, The first and the second most voted parties in Parish Assemblies in each district
A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municip ...
. (Azores and Madeira are not shown)
End notes
* The source of the voting data is th
Portuguese Electoral Commission
Further Notes:
* Democratic Unity Coalition (CDU) is composed of the
Portuguese Communist Party (PCP),
"The Greens" (PEV) and the
Democratic Intervention (ID).
* The different coalitions between the
Social Democratic Party (PSD), the
People's Party (CDS–PP), the
People's Monarchist Party (PPM) or the
Earth Party (MPT) appear because each municipality has its own election.
* The number of candidacies expresses the number of municipalities or parishes in which the party or coalition presented lists.
* The number of mandates expresses the number of municipal deputies in the Municipal Assembly election and the number of parish deputies in the Parish Assembly election.
* The turnout varies because one may choose not to vote for all the organs.
References
*
{{Portuguese local elections
Portuguese local elections
2005
2005 was designated as the International Year for Sport and Physical Education and the International Year of Microcredit. The beginning of 2005 also marked the end of the International Decade of the World's Indigenous Peoples, Internationa ...
October 2005 in Portugal