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The 19th Marine Regiment was a composite
engineer Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are professionals who Invention, invent, design, build, maintain and test machines, complex systems, structures, gadgets and materials. They aim to fulfill functional objectives and requirements while ...
regiment A regiment is a military unit. Its role and size varies markedly, depending on the country, military service, service, or administrative corps, specialisation. In Middle Ages, Medieval Europe, the term "regiment" denoted any large body of l ...
of the
United States Marine Corps The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines or simply the Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is responsible for conducting expeditionar ...
subordinate to the
3rd Marine Division The 3rd Marine Division is a division (military), division of the United States Marine Corps based at Camp Courtney, Marine Corps Base Camp Smedley D. Butler in Okinawa Prefecture, Okinawa, Japan. It is one of three active duty infantry division ...
. It existed from September 1942 until September 1944. In December 1943 there was a large change of command in the regiment. Marine engineer regiments were eventually disbanded in favor of independent engineering battalions within the parent Marine divisions.


Subordinate units

The regiment was a composite of three different types of battalions and a headquarters and service company: * 1st Battalion, 19th Marines, A, B, & C Companies 3rd Engineer Battalion now
3rd Combat Engineer Battalion 3rd Combat Engineer Battalion (3rd CEB) was a combat engineer Battalion#United States Marine Corps, battalion of the United States Marine Corps, most recently activated from 7 October 2007 to 5 August 2014. Mission Provide mobility, counter mob ...
* 2nd Battalion, 19th Marines, D, E, & F Companies 3rd Pioneer Battalion now
Combat Logistics Regiment 3 Combat Logistics Regiment 3 (CLR-3) is a direct support (DS) logistics unit of the United States Marine Corps and is headquartered at Camp Foster, Okinawa Island, Okinawa, Japan. The unit falls under the 3rd Marine Logistics Group and the III Mar ...
* 3rd Battalion, 19th Marines, G, H, & I Companies 25th Naval Construction Battalion


History

World War II Assigned to the 3rd Marine Division, on 11 March 1943 Col Robert M. Montaque took command of the regiment in
New Zealand New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of isla ...
. September 1943 saw the regiment land in the Bougainville campaign on that island. The seabees bulldozed paths through the jungle for tanks to attack the Japanese lines. C. Company with other 19th Marines built a corduroy road for tanks and supply movement for the 7th marines. Companies C, F, & I were attached to the 3rd RCT while Companies A, D, & G were attached to the 9th RCT. From there it went to Guadalcanal in preparation for the
Battle of Guam (1944) The Battle of Guam (21 July – 10 August 1944) was the American recapture of the Japanese occupation of Guam, Japanese-held island of Guam, a United States territory#Insular areas, U.S. territory in the Mariana Islands captured by Empire of ...
. It landed in the assault on Guam with Companies C, F, & I attached to the 3rd Marine Regimental Combat Team, Companies A, D, & G attached to the 9th Marine Regimental Combat Team and Companies B, E, & H attached to the 21st Marine Regimental Combat Team.Marines In World War II, The Recapture of Guam, Major F.O. Hough, USMC, Pickle Partners Publishing, 201

/ref> The regiment was decommissioned on 17 August. Naval Construction Battalion 25 was returned to the Navy and assigned to the 5th Naval Construction Brigade, remaining on Guam until the war ended, and now located on Naval Base Ventura County Port Hueneme . With the inactivation of the 19th Marine Regiment the 3rd Engineer Battalion and the 3rd Pioneer Battalion were posted directly to the
3rd Marine Division The 3rd Marine Division is a division (military), division of the United States Marine Corps based at Camp Courtney, Marine Corps Base Camp Smedley D. Butler in Okinawa Prefecture, Okinawa, Japan. It is one of three active duty infantry division ...
. The 25th Naval Construction Battalion was replaced by the 62nd Naval Construction Battalion which was attached directly to the
V Amphibious Corps The V Amphibious Corps (VAC) was a formation of the United States Marine Corps which was composed of the 3rd, 4th and 5th Marine Divisions in World War II. The three divisions were the amphibious landing force for the United States Fifth Fl ...
for the
Battle of Iwo Jima The was a major battle in which the United States Marine Corps (USMC) and United States Navy (USN) landed on and eventually captured the island of Iwo Jima from the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) during World War II. The American invasion, desi ...
. The 3rd Pioneers landed on yellow 2 beach on D-plus 3 and remained there until D-plus 6. On D-plus 6 black beach was created and the pioneers moved there as did the 3rd Engineers. The 62nd NCB was made the lead Battalion for getting Motoyama Airfield #1 operational in place of the 133rd NCB which had taken heavy casualties. * 3rd Marine Division Order of Battle for Bougainville Campaign,1 November–15 December 1943USMC Historical Monograph, Major John M. Rentz USMCR, Historical Section Headquarters USMC, Quantico, VA, Appendix V

/ref> ** 3rd Marine Regimental Combat Team - C, F, & I Companies 19th Marines ** 9th Marine Regimental Combat Team - A, D, & G Companies 19th Marines ** 21st Marine Regimental Combat Team -B, E, & H Companies 19th Marines (assault reserve) *
Solomon Islands campaign The Solomon Islands campaign was a major military campaign, campaign of the Pacific War during World War II. The campaign began with the Empire of Japan, Japanese seizure of several areas in the British Solomon Islands and Bougainville Island, B ...
:- 15 December 1943 – 9 January 1944 * 3rd Marine Division Order of Battle for
Emirau Emirau Island, also called Emira, is an island in the Bismarck Archipelago located at . Emira is part of what on many maps are charted as the St Matthias Islands, also known as the Mussau Islands, a small group to the northwest of the main islan ...
March 1944 ** 4th Marine Regimental Combat Team - Pioneer Company 2d Bn 19th Marines * 3rd Marine Division Order of Battle of Guam, 21 July–15 August 1944 ** 9th Marine Regimental Combat Team - A, D, & G Companies 19th Marines ** 21st Marine Regimental Combat Team -B, E, & H Companies 19th Marines ** 3rd Marine Regimental Combat Team - C, F, & I Companies 19th Marines (assault reserve) Command officer history


Unit awards

*   
Navy Unit Commendation The Navy Unit Commendation (NUC) is a United States Navy and United States Coast Guard unit award that was established by order of the Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal on 18 December 1944. History Navy A navy, naval force, military m ...
,3rd Marine Regiment(and all units attached to or serving with), Company C 19th Marines, Bougainville *   
Navy Unit Commendation The Navy Unit Commendation (NUC) is a United States Navy and United States Coast Guard unit award that was established by order of the Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal on 18 December 1944. History Navy A navy, naval force, military m ...
, 21st Marine Regiment(and all units attached to or serving with),Company B 19th Marines, Guam *    Presidential Unit Citation, 3rd Marine Regiment(and all units attached to or serving with), Company C 19th Marines, Guam
"Naval Unit Commendation,
3d Marines
The Secretary of the Navy takes pleasure in commending the THIRD MARINES, THIRD MARINE DIVISION
for service as follows:
"For outstanding heroism in action against enemy Japanese forces during the invasion, seizure, occupation and defense of Empress Augusta Bay Beachhead, Bougainville, Solomon Islands, from November 1 to December 22, 1943. In action against the enemy for the first time, the THIRD Marines landed on an extremely wide front in the face of perilous surf and beach conditions and through flanking fire of hostile machine guns, anti-boat guns, mortars, small arms and artillery from heavily entrenched positions on Cape Torokina and Puruata Island. Pressing forward through almost impenetrable jungle and swampy terrain, this Regiment completely reduced the intricate system of mutually supporting Japanese pillboxes, bunkers, fire trenches and foxholes which constituted the Cape Torokina defense, and secured its portion of the objective by evening of D-Day. Shifted to the left flank of the beachhead, the THIRD Marines smashed a Japanese counter-landing and drove steadily forward despite difficulties of terrain, supply and communication and, developing the main enemy position in a meeting engagement on the Numa. Numa trail, completely wiped out the Japanese 23rd Infantry. In continuous action as a front line regiment for a total of fifty-two consecutive days, the gallant men and officers of the THIRD Marines, by their skill in jungle warfare and their aggressive fighting spirit, contributed greatly to the success of the campaign and enhanced the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service." All personnel attached to and serving with the THIRD Marines at Bougainville from November 1 to December 22, 1943, are authorized to wear the NAVY UNIT COMMENDATION Ribbon.
JAMES FORRESTAL, Secretary of the Navy"USMC Historical Monograph Bougainville and the Northern Solomons, USMC History Division, Headquarters Quantico, V

/ref>


See also

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History of the United States Marine Corps The military history, history of the United States Marine Corps (USMC) begins with the founding of the Continental Marines on 10 November 1775 to conduct ship-to-ship fighting, provide shipboard security and discipline enforcement, and assist ...
*
Landing on Emirau The Landing on Emirau was the last of the series of operations that made up Operation Cartwheel, General (United States), General Douglas MacArthur's strategy for the encirclement of the major Empire of Japan, Japanese base at Rabaul. A force ...
*
List of United States Marine Corps regiments This is a list of United States Marine Corps regiments, sorted by status and number, with the current or most-recent type and division. Some of the inactive regiments are succeeded by active battalions. Active 1st Marine Division (United States), ...
*
Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 25 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 25 or NMCB 25 is a United States Navy Reserve, Navy Reserve Seabee unit that is headquartered at Port Hueneme, CA. Its World War II predecessor was one of three CBs transferred to the Marine Corps ...
*
Organization of the United States Marine Corps The United States Marine Corps is organized within the Department of the Navy, which is led by the Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV). The most senior Marine commissioned officer is the Commandant of the Marine Corps, responsible for organizing, recr ...
*
3rd Marine Division The 3rd Marine Division is a division (military), division of the United States Marine Corps based at Camp Courtney, Marine Corps Base Camp Smedley D. Butler in Okinawa Prefecture, Okinawa, Japan. It is one of three active duty infantry division ...
*
16th Marine Regiment The 16th Marine Regiment was a composite engineer regiment of the United States Marine Corps subordinate to the 5th Marine Division. While its subordinate battalions went to the Pacific Theater as part of the 5th Marine Division, the Regimental he ...
(Engineer) *
17th Marine Regiment The 17th Marine Regiment was a composite engineer regiment of the United States Marine Corps subordinate to the 1st Marine Division. It was formed primarily from units of the Division, and was inactivated during war with the 1st and 2nd battalions ...
(Engineer) *
18th Marine Regiment The 18th Marine Regiment was a composite engineer regiment of the United States Marine Corps subordinate to the 2nd Marine Division. It was disbanded during the war, with the 1st and 2nd battalions remaining in the Division. Subordinate units The ...
(Engineer) *
20th Marine Regiment 20th Marine Regiment was a Composite Engineer Regiment of the United States Marine Corps that fought during World War II.U.S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle Fleet Marine Force Ground Units, Rottman p. 220''/ref> Subordinate units T ...
(Engineer) *
Seabees United States Naval Construction Battalions, better known as the Navy Seabees, form the U.S. Naval Construction Forces (NCF). The Seabee nickname is a heterograph of the initial letters "CB" from the words "Construction Battalion". Dependi ...


Further reading


Third Marine Combat Operations Report Bougainville
* 3rd Battalion 19th Marines: Photographs on Guadalcanal, Bougainville and Guam taken by James William Pless, Sr. - PHOTOGRAPHS of WWII, D.H. Ramsey Library, Special Collections, University of North Carolina at Asheville, FOLDER 2

*


References


External links

* http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-M-NSols/index.html * http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-M-Guam/index.html {{Use dmy dates, date=June 2017
Seabees United States Naval Construction Battalions, better known as the Navy Seabees, form the U.S. Naval Construction Forces (NCF). The Seabee nickname is a heterograph of the initial letters "CB" from the words "Construction Battalion". Dependi ...
Eng19 Eng19 United States Marine Corps in World War II Military units and formations established in 1942 1942 establishments in the United States