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A senatorial election was held in the
Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
on November 13, 1951. This election was known as a midterm election, and the date when elected candidates took office fells halfway through
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...
Elpidio Quirino Elpidio Rivera Quirino (; November 16, 1890 – February 29, 1956) was a Philippine nationality law, Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the 6th President of the Philippines from 1948 to 1953. A lawyer by profession, Quirino entered p ...
's four-year term.


Electoral system

Philippine Senate elections Elections to the Senate of the Philippines are done via plurality-at-large voting; a voter can vote for up to twelve candidates, with the twelve candidates with the highest number of votes being elected. The 24-member Senate uses staggered elect ...
are held via
plurality block voting Plurality block voting is a type of block voting method for multi-winner elections. Each voter may cast as many votes as the number of seats to be filled. The candidates with the most votes are elected. The usual result when the candidates div ...
with
staggered elections Staggered elections are elections where only some of the places in an elected body are up for election at the same time. For example, United States senators have a six-year term, but they are not all elected at the same time. Rather, elections ...
, with the country as an
at-large At large (''before a noun'': at-large) is a description for members of a governing body who are elected or appointed to represent a whole membership or population (notably a city, county, state, province, nation, club or association), rather tha ...
district. The Senate has 24 seats, of which 8 seats are up every 2 years. The eight seats up were won by the 1st to 8th placed candidates in 1946; each voter has eight votes and can vote up to eight names, of which the eight candidates with the most votes winning the election. The election of then senator
Fernando Lopez Fernando "Nanding" Hofileña Lopez Sr. (April 13, 1904May 26, 1993) was a Filipino statesman. A member of the influential López family of Iloilo, he served as vice president of the Philippines under Presidents Elpidio Quirino from 1949 to ...
as vice president in 1949 meant that his seat was vacated mid-term. A special election was then held for that seat under
first-past-the-post system First-past-the-post (FPTP)—also called choose-one, first-preference plurality (FPP), or simply plurality—is a single-winner voting rule. Voters mark one candidate as their favorite, or first-preference, and the candidate with more first- ...
, for the rest of Lopez's term. This meant there were nine seats up for this election.
Block voting Block or bloc voting refers to a class of electoral systems where multiple candidates are elected simultaneously. They do not guarantee minority representation and allow a group of voters (a voting bloc) to ensure that only their preferred candi ...
, established in 1941, was abolished in 1951 with Republic Act No. 599. This would later lead to more fragmented results in most national elections.


Summary

As the
Hukbalahap rebellion The Hukbalahap rebellion was a rebellion staged in the Philippines by former Hukbalahap or ''Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon'' () soldiers against the Philippine government. It started in 1946 after the independence of the Philippines from the Unit ...
raged in Central Luzon, Filipinos trooped to the polling booths for the 1951 midterm elections—a referendum on President Quirino, who had won the presidency in his own right two years prior. Despite the political remarriage of the two factions of the
Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. For example, while the political systems ...
, the Quirinistas and Avelinistas, the Quirino administration was still far from popular. It had gained notoriety for its inability to rein in corruption and its ineffectual attempts to police lawlessness in the countryside. The Nacionalistas took advantage of the situation and mounted an active campaign to wrest back the Senate from the LP. Led by former President
Jose P. Laurel José Paciano Laurel y García (March 9, 1891 – November 6, 1959) was a Filipino politician, lawyer, and judge, who served as the President of the Second Philippine Republic from 1943 to 1945, which was a Japanese ally during World War II. ...
, Quirino’s chief adversary in the 1949 presidential polls, the NP swept all eight Senate seats in contention, the first total victory of the opposition in the Senate. So strong was the rejection of the Quirino administration in 1951 that even LP top honcho, Senate President
Mariano Jesus Cuenco Mariano is a masculine name from the Romance languages, corresponding to the feminine Mariana. It is an Italian, Spanish and Portuguese variant of the Roman Marianus which derived from Marius, and Marius derived from the Roman god Mars (see als ...
, lost his seat. Laurel received the highest number of votes, which was seen as his political rehabilitation and which made him the first and only president, thus far, to have served in the Senate after his presidency. Felixberto Verano, also a Nacionalista, won the special elections held on the same day to fill the Senate seat vacated by
Vice-President A vice president or vice-president, also director in British English, is an officer in government or business who is below the president (chief executive officer) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vi ...
Fernando Lopez Fernando "Nanding" Hofileña Lopez Sr. (April 13, 1904May 26, 1993) was a Filipino statesman. A member of the influential López family of Iloilo, he served as vice president of the Philippines under Presidents Elpidio Quirino from 1949 to ...
.


Retiring incumbents

#
Melecio Arranz Melecio Arranz y Alivin (May 24, 1888 – April 24, 1966) was a Filipino politician and engineer, born in Alcala, Cagayan. Early life and career He obtained his degree of Bachelor of Arts from Colegio de San Albero Magno and his Bachelor ...
( Liberal) # Jose Avelino ( Liberal) #
Vicente Francisco Vicente J. Francisco y Santos (July 19, 1891 – July 19, 1974) was a Filipino jurist and politician. Francisco was known as one of the best Filipino lawyers of his time. He was one of the members of the 1934 Constitutional Convention and served ...
( Liberal) # Ramon Torres ( Liberal)


Mid-term vacancies

#
Fernando Lopez Fernando "Nanding" Hofileña Lopez Sr. (April 13, 1904May 26, 1993) was a Filipino statesman. A member of the influential López family of Iloilo, he served as vice president of the Philippines under Presidents Elpidio Quirino from 1949 to ...
( Liberal), elected vice president, left office on December 30, 1949) #
Vicente Sotto Vicente Yap Sotto, Sr. (; April 18, 1877 – May 28, 1950) was a Filipino playwright, journalist, and politician who served as a Senate of the Philippines, senator from 1946 to 1950. He also served in the 6th Philippine Legislature, House of Rep ...
( Popular Front), died July 16, 1950) # Tomas Confesor (
Nacionalista The Nacionalista Party (Filipino language, Filipino and Spanish language in the Philippines, Spanish: ''Partido Nacionalista''; , NP) is a political party in the Philippines which is the oldest existing party in the country and in Southeast Asi ...
), died June 5, 1951)


Results

The
Nacionalista Party The Nacionalista Party (Filipino language, Filipino and Spanish language in the Philippines, Spanish: ''Partido Nacionalista''; , NP) is a political party in the Philippines which is the oldest existing party in the country and in Southeast Asi ...
won all eight seats contested in the general election, and the seat contested in the special election. Senate President
Mariano Jesús Cuenco Mariano Jesús Cuenco y Diosómito (January 16, 1888 – February 25, 1964) was a Filipino politician and writer from Cebu. He was the 4th President of the Senate of the Philippines. M.J. Cuenco Avenue, a major thoroughfare in Cebu City, was n ...
was the sole incumbent defeated, while
Carlos P. Garcia Carlos Polestico Garcia (; November 4, 1896 – June 14, 1971), often referred to by his initials CPG, was a Filipino teacher, poet, orator, lawyer, public official, political economist, guerrilla and Commonwealth military leader who was the ...
successfully defended his seat. Six winners are neophyte Nacionalista senators:
Manuel Briones Manuel Cabahug Briones (January 1, 1893 – September 29, 1957) was a Filipino Visayan lawyer, judge, and politician from Cebu, Philippines. He was the first Supreme Court Associate Justice from Cebu, and he was a former Associate Justice of th ...
,
Francisco Afan Delgado Francisco Afan Delgado (January 25, 1886 – October 27, 1964) was a Filipino politician and diplomat who served as a Resident Commissioner from the Philippine Islands from 1935 to 1936. Political career Delgado returned to the Philippine Is ...
,
Jose Locsin Jose Corteza Locsin (August 27, 1891 – May 1, 1977) was a Filipino medical doctor and senator. Early life and education Locsin was born on August 27, 1891, in Silay, Negros Occidental. He was the third child of Domingo Locsin and Enriquet ...
,
Cipriano Primicias Sr. Cipriano Purugganan Primicias Sr. (September 14, 1901 – September 20, 1965) was a Filipino people, Filipino politician, who was best known for his service as a List of Senators of the Philippines#P, Senator of the Philippines. He was born in ...
,
Gil Puyat Gil Juco Puyat Sr. (September 1, 1907 – March 22, 1981) was a Filipino politician and businessman who served as a Senator of the Philippines from 1951 until 1972, when President Ferdinand Marcos shut Congress down and declared Martial Law, ...
and
Jose Zulueta Jose Casten Zulueta (November 23, 1889 – December 6, 1972) was a Filipino lawyer and politician. He served as Senate President for a brief period in 1953. Early life and education Jose Zulueta was born to Evaristo Zulueta and Atilana Casten. ...
. Nacionalista
Jose P. Laurel José Paciano Laurel y García (March 9, 1891 – November 6, 1959) was a Filipino politician, lawyer, and judge, who served as the President of the Second Philippine Republic from 1943 to 1945, which was a Japanese ally during World War II. ...
returned to the Senate after serving from 1925 to 1931. Key: * ‡ Seats up * + Gained by a party from another party * √ Held by the incumbent * * Held by the same party with a new senator *^ Vacancy


Per candidate


Special election

To serve the unexpired term of
Fernando Lopez Fernando "Nanding" Hofileña Lopez Sr. (April 13, 1904May 26, 1993) was a Filipino statesman. A member of the influential López family of Iloilo, he served as vice president of the Philippines under Presidents Elpidio Quirino from 1949 to ...
until December 30, 1953.


Per party

The seat vacated by Vicente Yap Sotto (Popular Front), who died in 1950, was one of the seats up for election. This also includes the result of the concurrent special election for the seat vacated by Vice President
Fernando Lopez Fernando "Nanding" Hofileña Lopez Sr. (April 13, 1904May 26, 1993) was a Filipino statesman. A member of the influential López family of Iloilo, he served as vice president of the Philippines under Presidents Elpidio Quirino from 1949 to ...
in 1949.


Defeated incumbents

#
Mariano Jesús Cuenco Mariano Jesús Cuenco y Diosómito (January 16, 1888 – February 25, 1964) was a Filipino politician and writer from Cebu. He was the 4th President of the Senate of the Philippines. M.J. Cuenco Avenue, a major thoroughfare in Cebu City, was n ...
( Liberal) ran and won in 1953


See also

*Also held on this day: **1951 Philippine House of Representatives special elections ( Rizal's 2nd district, Occidental Mindoro's at-large district, and Zambales's at-large district) **1951 Philippine local elections *
Commission on Elections An election commission is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of electioneering process of any country. The formal names of election commissions vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and may be styled an electoral commission, a c ...
*
2nd Congress of the Philippines The 2nd Congress of the Philippines (), composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from December 30, 1949, until December 8, 1953, during the second term of President Elpidio Quirino. Sessions *First Special Session: ...


References


External links


Official website of the Commission on Elections
{{Special Elections to the Philippine Congress
1951 Events January * January 4 – Korean War: Third Battle of Seoul – Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul for the second time (having lost the Second Battle of Seoul in September 1950). * January 9 – The Government of the Uni ...
Senate election