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Events
January
*January 2
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor.
* 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Emp ...
** The Association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 Football player, players who almost exclusively use their feet to propel a Ball (association football), ball around a rectangular f ...
club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube
Cruzeiro Esporte Clube () is a Brazilian professional football club, based in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Cruzeiro is the greatest team of Minas Gerais. Although competing in a number of different sports, Cruzeiro is mostly known for its as ...
, from Belo Horizonte
Belo Horizonte is the List of largest cities in Brazil, sixth-largest city in Brazil, with a population of around 2.3 million, and the third largest metropolitan area, containing a population of 6 million. It is the List of cities in Sout ...
, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in Brazil
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
.
** The Spanish liner ''Santa Isabel'' breaks in two and sinks off Villa Garcia, Mexico, with the loss of 244 of the 300 people on board.
* January 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1458 BC – Hatshepsut dies at the age of 50 and is buried in the Valley of the Kings.
* 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the R ...
– The Marxist Left in Slovakia and the Transcarpathian Ukraine holds its founding congress in Ľubochňa.
* January 17
Events Pre-1600
* 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey.
* 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 peopl ...
– The first recorded public performance of the illusion of "sawing a woman in half
Sawing a woman in half is a generic name for a number of stage magic tricks in which a person (traditionally a female assistant) is apparently cut or divided into two (or more) pieces.
History
There remains a debate about the origin of sawing ...
" is given by English stage magician P. T. Selbit at the Finsbury Park
Finsbury Park is a public park in Harringay, north London, England. The park lies on the southern-most edge of the London Borough of Haringey. It is in the area formerly covered by the historic parish of Hornsey, succeeded by the Municipal ...
Empire variety theatre in London.
* January 20
Events Pre-1600
* 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution.
*1156 – Finnish peasant Lalli kills English clergyman Henry (bishop of Finland), Henry, the Bishop of Turku, on the ice of Köyliönjärvi, Lake Köyli� ...
– British K-class submarine
The K-class submarines were a class of steam-propelled submarines of the Royal Navy designed in 1913. Intended as large, fast vessels with the endurance and speed to operate with the Naval fleet, battle fleet, they gained notoriety and the ni ...
HMS ''K5'' sinks in the English Channel
The English Channel, also known as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Southern England from northern France. It links to the southern part of the North Sea by the Strait of Dover at its northeastern end. It is the busi ...
; all 57 on board are lost.
* January 21
Events Pre-1600
* 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa.
* 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded wh ...
– The full-length silent comedy drama
Comedy drama (also known by the portmanteau dramedy) is a hybrid genre of works that combine elements of comedy and Drama (film and television), drama. In film, as well as scripted television series, serious dramatic subjects (such as death, il ...
film '' The Kid'', written, produced, directed by and starring Charlie Chaplin
Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin (16 April 188925 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film. He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, the Tramp, and is considered o ...
(in his Tramp character), with Jackie Coogan
John Leslie Coogan (October 26, 1914 – March 1, 1984) was an American actor and comedian who began his film career as a child actor in silent films. Coogan's role in Charlie Chaplin's film ''The Kid (1921 film), The Kid'' (1921) made him one o ...
, is released in the United States.
* January 25
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate.
* 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dyn ...
– Italian battleship ''Leonardo da Vinci'' is righted in Taranto
Taranto (; ; previously called Tarent in English) is a coastal city in Apulia, Southern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Taranto, serving as an important commercial port as well as the main Italian naval base.
Founded by Spartans ...
Harbour.
February
*February 12
Events Pre-1600
* 1096 – Pope Urban II confirms the foundation of the abbey of La Roë under Robert of Arbrissel as a community of canons regular.
* 1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sofia performed the first post- ...
– Red Army invasion of Georgia
The Red Army invasion of Georgia (12 February17 March 1921), also known as the Georgian–Soviet War or the Soviet invasion of Georgia,Debo, R. (1992). ''Survival and Consolidation: The Foreign Policy of Soviet Russia, 1918-1921'', pp. 182, 361� ...
: The Democratic Republic of Georgia
The Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG; ka, სáƒáƒ¥áƒáƒ თველáƒáƒ¡ დემáƒáƒ™áƒ áƒáƒ¢áƒ˜áƒ£áƒšáƒ˜ რესპუბლიკáƒ, tr) was the first modern establishment of a republic of Georgia (country), Georgia, which exist ...
is invaded by forces of Bolshevist Russia.
* February 19
Events Pre-1600
* 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats Roman usurper, usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies.
* 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the w ...
– The French Third Republic
The French Third Republic (, sometimes written as ) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France durin ...
and Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939. The state was established in the final stage of World War I ...
form a defensive alliance.
* February 20
Events Pre-1600
*1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated.
*1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawn (law), pawned by Norway to S ...
– The Young Communist League of Czechoslovakia is founded.
* February 21
Events Pre-1600
* 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine.
* 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery.
* 1440 – The ...
** 1921 Persian coup d'état
1921 Persian coup d'état, known in Iran as 3 Esfand 1299 coup d'état ( with the Solar Persian date), refers to several major events in Qajar Persia in 1921, which eventually led to the deposition of the Qajar dynasty and the establishment of ...
: RezÄ Khan and Zia'eddin Tabatabaee
Seyyed Zia al-Din Tabataba'i Yazdi (; June 1889 – 29 August 1969) was an Iranian journalist and Persian Constitutional Revolution, pro-Constitution politician who, with the help of Reza Shah, spearheaded the 1921 Persian coup d'état and aim ...
stage a coup d'état
A coup d'état (; ; ), or simply a coup
, is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership. A self-coup is said to take place when a leader, having come to powe ...
in Qajar dynasty
The Qajar family (; 1789–1925) was an Iranian royal family founded by Mohammad Khan (), a member of the Qoyunlu clan of the Turkoman-descended Qajar tribe. The dynasty's effective rule in Iran ended in 1925 when Iran's '' Majlis'', conven ...
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
.
** Conference of London of 1921–1922
The Conference of London (21 February and 12 March 1921 and March 1922, London, Great Britain) was a conference convened in order to deal with the problems resulting from the peace treaties that ended World War I, most notably the Treaty of Sèv ...
convenes in an attempt to resolve problems arising from the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1922) was a period of history of the Ottoman Empire beginning with the Young Turk Revolution and ultimately ending with the empire's dissolution and the founding of the modern state of Turkey.
The ...
.
* February 23
Events Pre-1600
* 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution.
* 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone o ...
– The moderately conservative public official Oscar von Sydow takes over the Swedish premiership from Baron Louis De Geer the Younger.
* February 25
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor.
* 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II.
* ...
– Red Army invasion of Georgia
The Red Army invasion of Georgia (12 February17 March 1921), also known as the Georgian–Soviet War or the Soviet invasion of Georgia,Debo, R. (1992). ''Survival and Consolidation: The Foreign Policy of Soviet Russia, 1918-1921'', pp. 182, 361� ...
: The Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...
enters the Georgian capital Tbilisi
Tbilisi ( ; ka, თბილისი, ), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis ( ), ( ka, ტფილისი, tr ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), largest city of Georgia ( ...
and occupies the country, installing a new government and proclaiming the Georgian Soviet Republic.
* February 27
Events Pre-1600
* 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity.
* 425 – The University of Constantin ...
– A Socialist congress at Vienna
Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...
ends with the International Working Union of Socialist Parties
The International Working Union of Socialist Parties (IWUSP; also known as the 2½ International or the Vienna International; , IASP) was a political international for the co-operation of socialist parties.
History
The IWUSP was founded on 27 Feb ...
founded.
* February 28
Events Pre-1600
*202 BC – Emperor Gaozu of Han, Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty.
* 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic), Fourth Council of Co ...
– The Kronstadt rebellion
The Kronstadt rebellion () was a 1921 insurrection of Soviet sailors, Marines, naval infantry, and civilians against the Bolsheviks, Bolshevik government in the Russian port city of Kronstadt. Located on Kotlin Island in the Gulf of Finland, ...
is initiated by sailors of the Soviet Navy
The Soviet Navy was the naval warfare Military, uniform service branch of the Soviet Armed Forces. Often referred to as the Red Fleet, the Soviet Navy made up a large part of the Soviet Union's strategic planning in the event of a conflict with t ...
's Baltic Fleet
The Baltic Fleet () is the Naval fleet, fleet of the Russian Navy in the Baltic Sea.
Established 18 May 1703, under Tsar Peter the Great as part of the Imperial Russian Navy, the Baltic Fleet is the oldest Russian fleet. In 1918, the fleet w ...
.
March
* March – TheGroup Settlement Scheme
The Group Settlement Scheme was an assisted migration scheme which operated in Western Australia from the early 1920s. It was engineered by Premier James Mitchell and followed on from the Soldier Settlement Scheme immediately after World W ...
in Western Australia
Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Aust ...
begins.
* March 1
Events Pre-1600
* 509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor Diocleti ...
** The city of Kiryū, located in Gunma Prefecture
is a landlocked Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the KantÅ region of Honshu. Gunma Prefecture has a population of 1,937,626 (1 October 2019) and has a geographic area of . Gunma Prefecture borders Niigata Prefecture and Fuk ...
, Japan, is founded.
** The Australia national cricket team
The Australia men's national cricket team represents Australia in international cricket. Along with England, it is the joint oldest team in Test cricket history, playing and winning the first ever Test match in 1877; the team also plays One ...
, led by Warwick Armstrong
Warwick Windridge Armstrong (22 May 1879 – 13 July 1947) was an Australian cricketer who played 50 Test matches between 1902 and 1921. An all-rounder, he captained Australia in ten Test matches between 1920 and 1921, and was undefeated, winn ...
, becomes the first to complete a whitewash
Whitewash, calcimine, kalsomine, calsomine, asbestis or lime paint is a type of paint made from slaked lime ( calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2) or chalk (calcium carbonate, CaCO3), sometimes known as "whiting". Various other additives are sometimes ...
of the touring England team in The Ashes
The Ashes is a Test cricket series played biennially between England and Australia. The term originated in a satirical obituary published in a British newspaper, '' The Sporting Times'', immediately after Australia's 1882 victory at The Oval, ...
, something that will not be repeated for 86 years.
* March 5
Events Pre-1600
* 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death.
* 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Easte ...
– Irish War of Independence
The Irish War of Independence (), also known as the Anglo-Irish War, was a guerrilla war fought in Ireland from 1919 to 1921 between the Irish Republican Army (1919–1922), Irish Republican Army (IRA, the army of the Irish Republic) and Unite ...
: Clonbanin ambush: A force of about 100 Irish Republican Army
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) is a name used by various Resistance movement, resistance organisations in Ireland throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. Organisations by this name have been dominantly Catholic and dedicated to anti-imperiali ...
members attacks a British Army convoy of 40 soldiers, killing several, including Brigadier General Cumming.
* March 6
Events Pre-1600
* 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor.
* 845 – The 42 Martyrs of Amorium are killed after refusing to convert to Islam.
* 1204 &ndas ...
– The Allied Powers force Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
to pay war reparations.
* March 8
Events Pre-1600
* 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem '' Shahnameh''.
* 1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León.
* 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between ...
** Spanish Premier Eduardo Dato e Iradier is assassinated while exiting the parliament building in Madrid
Madrid ( ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in Spain, most populous municipality of Spain. It has almost 3.5 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 7 million. It i ...
.
** Allied forces occupy Düsseldorf
Düsseldorf is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany. It is the second-largest city in the state after Cologne and the List of cities in Germany with more than 100,000 inhabitants, seventh-largest city ...
, Ruhrort and Duisburg
Duisburg (; , ) is a city in the Ruhr metropolitan area of the western States of Germany, German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Lying on the confluence of the Rhine (Lower Rhine) and the Ruhr (river), Ruhr rivers in the center of the Rhine-Ruh ...
.
* March 9
Events Pre-1600
*141 BC – Liu Che, Posthumous name, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China.
*1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the Annals of Quedlinburg, annals of the mo ...
– Cilicia Peace Treaty is signed between the French Third Republic
The French Third Republic (, sometimes written as ) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France durin ...
and the Turkish National Movement
The Turkish National Movement (), also known as the Anatolian Movement (), the Nationalist Movement (), and the Kemalists (, ''Kemalciler'' or ''Kemalistler''), included political and military activities of the Turkish revolutionaries that resu ...
in an attempt to end the Franco-Turkish War
The Franco–Turkish War, known as the Cilicia Campaign () in France and as the Southern Front () of the Turkish War of Independence in Turkey, was a series of conflicts fought between France (the French Colonial Forces and the French Armenian ...
.
* March 12
Events Pre-1600
* 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius.
* 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of th ...
– The '' Ä°stiklâl Marşı'' (Independence March), the Turkish national anthem, is officially adopted.
* March 13
Events Pre-1600
* 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander.
* 624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Mu ...
– Occupation of Mongolia: The Russian White Army
The White Army, also known as the White Guard, the White Guardsmen, or simply the Whites, was a common collective name for the armed formations of the White movement and Anti-Sovietism, anti-Bolshevik governments during the Russian Civil War. T ...
captures Mongolia
Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po ...
from China; Roman von Ungern-Sternberg
Nikolai Robert Maximilian Freiherr von Ungern-Sternberg (; 10 January 1886 – 15 September 1921), often referred to as Roman von Ungern-Sternberg or Baron Ungern, was an anti-communist general in the Russian Civil War and then an independent wa ...
declares himself ruler.
* March 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland.
* 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the H ...
– Armenia
Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia (country), Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to ...
n Soghomon Tehlirian assassinates Mehmed Talaat, former Interior Minister of the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
, in Charlottenburg
Charlottenburg () is a Boroughs and localities of Berlin, locality of Berlin within the borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Established as a German town law, town in 1705 and named after Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, Queen consort of Kingdom ...
, Berlin.
* March 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York.
* 1244 РOver 200 Cathars who refuse to recant are burnt to death after the Fall of Monts̩gur.
* 1355 – Amidst the Red Turban Rebellions, Han Lin'er, ...
** Treaty of Moscow establishes friendly relations between the Government of the Grand National Assembly
The Government of the Grand National Assembly (), self-identified as the State of Turkey () or Turkey (), commonly known as the Ankara Government (), or archaically the Angora Government, was the provisional and revolutionary Turkish government ba ...
of Turkey and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the labo ...
.
** Six Irish Republican Army
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) is a name used by various Resistance movement, resistance organisations in Ireland throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. Organisations by this name have been dominantly Catholic and dedicated to anti-imperiali ...
men of the Forgotten Ten are hanged in Mountjoy Prison, Dublin.
* March 17
Events Pre-1600
* 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda.
* 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of ...
** The Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...
crushes the Kronstadt rebellion
The Kronstadt rebellion () was a 1921 insurrection of Soviet sailors, Marines, naval infantry, and civilians against the Bolsheviks, Bolshevik government in the Russian port city of Kronstadt. Located on Kotlin Island in the Gulf of Finland, ...
, and a number of sailors flee to Finland.
** Marie Stopes
Marie Charlotte Carmichael Stopes (15 October 1880 – 2 October 1958) was a British author, palaeobotanist and campaigner for Eugenic feminism, eugenics and women's rights. She made significant contributions to plant palaeontology and co ...
opens the first birth control
Birth control, also known as contraception, anticonception, and fertility control, is the use of methods or devices to prevent pregnancy. Birth control has been used since ancient times, but effective and safe methods of birth control only be ...
clinic in the British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, colonies, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, mandates, and other Dependent territory, territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It bega ...
in London, UK.
** The Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939. The state was established in the final stage of World War I ...
adopts the March Constitution.
* March 18
Events Pre-1600
* 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10.
* 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ar ...
– The second Peace of Riga
The Treaty of Riga was signed in Riga, Latvia, on between Poland on one side and Soviet Russia (acting also on behalf of Soviet Belarus) and Soviet Ukraine on the other, ending the Polish–Soviet War (1919–1921). The chief negotiators o ...
ends the Polish–Soviet War
The Polish–Soviet War (14 February 1919 – 18 March 1921) was fought primarily between the Second Polish Republic and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, following World War I and the Russian Revolution.
After the collapse ...
. A permanent border is established between the Polish and Soviet states.
* March 20
Events Pre-1600
*1206 – Michael IV of Constantinople, Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
*1600 РThe Link̦ping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Link̦ping, Sweden: five Swedish n ...
– Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia ( ; ; ; ; Silesian German: ; ) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic. The area is predominantly known for its heav ...
votes for re-annexation to Germany.
* March 21
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the '' Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas ...
** The New Economic Policy
The New Economic Policy (NEP) () was an economic policy of the Soviet Union proposed by Vladimir Lenin in 1921 as a temporary expedient. Lenin characterized the NEP in 1922 as an economic system that would include "a free market and capitalism, ...
starts in Soviet Russia
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the labo ...
.
** Irish War of Independence
The Irish War of Independence (), also known as the Anglo-Irish War, was a guerrilla war fought in Ireland from 1919 to 1921 between the Irish Republican Army (1919–1922), Irish Republican Army (IRA, the army of the Irish Republic) and Unite ...
: Headford Ambush
The Headford Ambush was carried out by the Irish Republican Army (IRA) on 21 March 1921, during the Irish War of Independence. The IRA's 2nd Kerry Brigade ambushed a train carrying British troops of the Royal Fusiliers at Headford Junction ra ...
– The Irish Republican Army
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) is a name used by various Resistance movement, resistance organisations in Ireland throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. Organisations by this name have been dominantly Catholic and dedicated to anti-imperiali ...
kills at least 9 British Army troops.
* March 24
Events Pre-1600
*1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6.
* 1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian- Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margat ...
– The 1921 Women's Olympiad
The 1921 Women's Olympiad and was the first international women's sports event, a 5-day multi-sport event organised by Alice Milliat and held on 24–31 March 1921 in Monte Carlo at the International Sporting Club of Monaco. The tourname ...
(the first international women's sports
Women and girls have participated in sports, physical fitness, and exercise throughout history. However, the extent of their involvement has varied depending on factors such as country, time, geographical location, and level of economic develo ...
event) begins in Monte Carlo.
* March 31
Events Pre-1600
* 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian.
* 1146 РBernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at V̩zelay, urging ...
** Abkhazia becomes the Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia
The Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia (SSR Abkhazia), სსრáƒáƒ¤áƒ®áƒáƒ–ეთი; ' , ССРÐбхазиÑ; ' was a short-lived republic within the Caucasus region of the Soviet Union that covered the territory of Abkhazia, and ex ...
.
** The British government formally returns the coal mines from wartime control to their private owners, who demand wage cuts; in response, the Miners' Federation of Great Britain
The Miners' Federation of Great Britain (MFGB) was established after a meeting of local mining trade unions in Newport, Wales, Newport, Wales in 1888. The federation was formed to represent and co-ordinate the affairs of local and regional miners' ...
calls on its partner trade unions in the Triple Alliance to join it in strike action
Strike action, also called labor strike, labour strike in British English, or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to Working class, work. A strike usually takes place in response to employee grievances. Str ...
, leading in turn to the government declaring a state of emergency
A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to put through policies that it would normally not be permitted to do, for the safety and protection of its citizens. A government can declare such a state before, during, o ...
for the first time under the Emergency Powers Act 1920. On April 1, a lockout of striking coal miners begins.
April
*April 11
Events Pre-1600
* 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.
* 1241 РBatu Khan defeats B̩la IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi.
*1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferra ...
– The Emirate of Transjordan
The Emirate of Transjordan (), officially the Amirate of Trans-Jordan, was a British protectorate established on 11 April 1921,Abdullah I as emir.
*
* January 1
** César Baldaccini, French sculptor (d. 1998)
** Cliff Bourland, American athlete (d. 2018)
** Hossein Wahid Khorasani, Iranian ayatollah
** Ismail al-Faruqi, Isma'il Raji al-Faruqi, Palestinian-American Islamic scholar (d. 1986)
* January 3
** Bill Gold, American graphic designer (d. 2018)
** Bob Dawson (footballer), Bob Dawson, Australian rules footballer (d. 2023)
** Jean-Louis Koszul, French mathematician (d. 2018)
** John Russell (actor), John Russell, American actor (d. 1991)
** Cecil Souders, American football player (d. 2021)
* January 4 – Pedro Richter Prada, 115th Prime Minister of Peru (d. 2017)
* January 5
** Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Swiss writer (d. 1990)
** Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (d. 2019)
* January 9 – Ãgnes Keleti, Hungarian artistic gymnast (d. 2025)
* January 10 – T. M. Kaliannan, Indian politician (d. 2021)
* January 11 – Juanita M. Kreps, American government official and businesswoman (d. 2010)
* January 12 – Muriel Phillips, American nurse and author (d. 2022)
* January 14
** Murray Bookchin, American libertarian socialist (d. 2006)
** Roger Carré, French footballer (d. 1996)
*
* February 1
** Dino De Martin, Italian bobsledder (d. 1960)
** Francisco Raúl Villalobos Padilla, Mexican Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2022)
** Peter Sallis, English actor (d. 2017)
* February 4 – Betty Friedan, American feminist (d. 2006)
* February 5
** Zbigniew Czajkowski, Polish fencer (d. 2019)
** Lise Thiry, Belgian scientist and politician (d. 2024)
* February 6 – Mikheil Tumanishvili, Georgian theatre director, teacher (d. 1996)
* February 7
** Dean S. Laird, American naval aviator and flying ace (d. 2022)
** Trude Malcorps, Dutch swimmer
* February 8
** Hans Albert, German philosopher (d. 2023)
** Nexhmije Hoxha, widow of Albanian communist leader Enver Hoxha (d. 2020)
** Betsy Jochum, American baseball player (d. 2025)
** Balram Singh Rai, Guyanese politician (d. 2022)
** Lana Turner, American actress (d. 1995)
* February 11 – Lloyd Bentsen, American politician (d. 2006)
* February 13 РRen̩e Doria, French operatic soprano (d. 2021)
* February 14
** Frank A. DeMarco, Italian-born Canadian educator and administrator (d. 2023)
** Hazel McCallion, Canadian politician and businesswoman (d. 2023)
* February 16
** John Galbraith Graham, crossword compiler (pseudonyms 'Arucaria' and 'Cinephile') and priest (d. 2013)
** Hua Guofeng, Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, Premier of the People's Republic of China, Premier of China (d. 2008)
** Walter Thiele, German inventor
** Vera-Ellen, American actress and dancer (d. 1981)
* February 17
** Muriel Coben, Canadian professional baseball, curling player (d. 1979)
** Herbert Köfer, German actor (d. 2021)
* February 18
** Ken Casanega, American football player (d. 2021)
** Brian Faulkner, 6th Prime Minister of Northern Ireland (d. 1977)
*
*
*
*
* August 1
** George Büchi, American chemist (d. 1998)
** Jack Kramer, American tennis player and commentator (d. 2009)
* August 2 – Mable Lee, American tap dancer, singer, and entertainer (d. 2019)
* August 3 – Richard Adler, American Broadway composer (d. 2012)
* August 4
** Charles H. Coolidge, American Medal of Honor, Medal of Honour recipient (d. 2021)
** Maurice Richard, Canadian hockey player (d. 2000)
* August 5 – Anita Foss, American baseball player (d. 2015)
* August 8 – Esther Williams, American swimmer, actress (d. 2013)
* August 9
** Ernest Angley, American evangelist, author and station owner (d. 2021)
** Patricia Marmont, American-English actress (d. 2020)
* August 10
** Ion Negoițescu, Romanian literary historian, critic, poet, novelist and memoirist (d. 1993)
** Jack B. Weinstein, American federal judge (d. 2021)
* August 11 – Alex Haley, American author (d. 1992)
* August 13 – Mary Lee (singer), Mary Lee, Scottish singer (d. 2022)
* August 15
** Tom Rice (soldier), Tom M. Rice, American soldier and paratrooper that fought in WWII (d. 2022)
** K. Kailasanatha Kurukkal, Sri Lankan researcher, writer and professor (d. 2000)
* August 17
** Betty Cody, Canadian-born country music singer (d. 2014)
** Geoffrey Elton, born Gottfried Ehrenberg, German-born British political and constitutional historian (d. 1994)
* August 19 – Gene Roddenberry, American television producer (''Star Trek'') (d. 1991)
* August 21
** John Osteen, American televangelist (d. 1999)
** Victor Szebehely, Hungarian-American astronomer (d. 1997)
* August 22 – Lee Loy Seng, Malaysian businessman (d. 1993)
* August 23 – Kenneth Arrow, American economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2017)
* August 24 – Gerald Tanner, Australian rules footballer (d. 2022)
* August 26
** Shimshon Amitsur, Israeli mathematician, Israel Prize recipient (d. 1994)
** Benjamin Bradlee, American journalist, executive editor of ''The Washington Post'' (d. 2014)
* August 27
** Leo Penn, American actor and director (d. 1998)
** Georg Alexander, Duke of Mecklenburg, head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1996)
** Abang Muhammad Salahuddin, 3rd and 6th Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak (d. 2022)
** Babbis Friis-Baastad, Norwegian children's writer (d. 1970)
* August 28
** Nancy Kulp, American actress (d. 1991)
** Lidia Gueiler Tejada, 56th President of Bolivia (d. 2011)
* August 29
** Iris Apfel, American interior designer (d. 2024)
** Arlo Hullinger, American politician (d. 2021)
** Wendell Scott, American race car driver (d. 1990)
** Paddy Roy Bates, British pirate radio broadcaster, founder of the Principality of Sealand (d. 2012)
* August 30 – David Finn, American public relations executive and photographer (d. 2021)
* August 31 – Raymond Williams, Welsh academic, novelist and critic (d. 1988)
* October 1 – James Whitmore, American actor (d. 2009)
* October 2 – Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 2000)
* October 3 – Ray Lindwall, Australian cricketer (d. 1996)
* October 4 –Francisco Morales-Bermúdez, President of Peru (d. 2022)
* October 6
** Joseph Lowery, American minister and civil rights activist (d. 2020)
** Joop Sanders, Dutch-born American painter and educator (d. 2023)
* October 7
** Beth Bentley, American poet (d. 2021)
** Richard L. Duchossois, American businessman (d. 2022)
* October 8 – Abraham Sarmiento, Filipino Supreme Court of the Philippines, Supreme Court jurist (d. 2010)
* October 9 – Dot Wilkinson, American softball player (d. 2023)
* October 10 – James Clavell, British novelist (d. 1994)
* October 11
** Manuel Costa (cyclist), Manuel Costa, Spanish road racing cyclist
** Shaw McCutcheon, American cartoonist (d. 2016)
* October 13 – Yves Montand, French singer and actor (d. 1991)
* October 14
** José Arraño Acevedo, Chilean historian (d. 2009)
** Jeffrey G. Smith, American general (d. 2021)
* October 16 – Sita Ram Goel, Indian historian, publisher and author (d. 2003)
* October 17
** Edel Hætta Eriksen, Norwegian schoolteacher and politician (d. 2023)
** Maria Gorokhovskaya, Soviet gymnast (d. 2001)
* October 19 – Gunnar Nordahl, Swedish footballer (d. 1995)
* October 21
** Malcolm Arnold, British music composer (d. 2006)
** Mohammad Mohammadullah, 3rd President of Bangladesh (d. 1999)
** Zorawar Chand Bakhshi, Indian Army General (d. 2018)
** Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld, Dutch astronomer (d. 2015)
** Wu Zhong (general), Wu Zhong, Chinese general (d. 1990)
* October 22 – Georges Brassens, French singer-songwriter (d. 1981)
* October 23
** Denise Duval, French operatic soprano (d. 2016)
** Archie Lamb, English ambassador and writer (d. 2021)
** André Turcat, French aviator, first pilot of Concorde (d. 2016)
** Ä°lhan UsmanbaÅŸ, Turkish composer (d. 2025)
* October 24 – Sena Jurinac, Bosnian operatic soprano (d. 2011)
* October 25 – King Michael I of Romania (d. 2017)
* October 26 – Ted Bassett (executive), Ted Bassett, American executive (d. 2025)
* October 27 – Eugene Chelyshev, Russian indologist and academician (d. 2020)
* October 29 – Santiago Fierro Fierro, Mexican politician and medical doctor (d. 2009)
* Unknown – Cao Keqiang, Chinese diplomat
* November 1 – Pavel Èšugui, Romanian communist activist and literary historian (d. 2021)
* November 2 – Wanda Półtawska, Polish physician and author (d. 2023)
* November 3
**Charles Bronson, American actor (d. 2003)
** Shin Kyuk-ho, South Korean businessman and founder of Lotte Corporation (d. 2020)
* November 5
** Princess Fawzia Fuad of Egypt (d. 2013)
** John F. Gonge, American lieutenant general
** Margot Friedländer, Holocaust survivor (d. 2025)
* November 6
** James Jones (author), James Jones, American writer (d. 1977)
** Tomiyama Taeko, Japanese visual artist (d. 2021)
** Enrico Cocozza, Scottish filmmaker (d. 2009)
* November 7 – János Horváth (politician), János Horváth, Hungarian politician (d. 2019)
* November 8
** Walter Mirisch, American film producer (d. 2023)
** Gene Saks, American actor, film director (d. 2015)
** Peter Spoden, German night fighter ace (d. 2021)
* November 13 – Joonas Kokkonen, Finnish composer (d. 1996)
* November 14 – Brian Keith, American actor (d. 1997)
* November 15
** Jimmy Fitzmorris, American politician (d. 2021)
** Alexander Jefferson, American Air Force officer (d. 2022)
* November 17 – Ofelia Guilmáin, Mexican actress (d. 2005)
* November 18 – George Nagobads, American physician (d. 2023)
* November 19
** Michel Bonnevie, French Olympic basketball player (d. 2018)
** Roy Campanella, American baseball player (Brooklyn Dodgers), member of the MLB Hall of Fame (d. 1993)
* November 20 – Allen Dines, American politician (d. 2020)
* November 21 – Billie Mae Richards, Canadian actress, singer (d. 2010)
* November 22 – Rodney Dangerfield, American actor and comedian (d. 2004)
* November 23
** Fred Buscaglione, Italian singer and actor (d. 1960)
** Lois North, American politician
* November 24 – John Lindsay, American lawyer and politician, Mayor of New York City (d. 2000)
* November 25
** Stanley Ho, Hong Kong-Macanese businessman and philanthropist (d. 2020)
** Johnny Johnson (RAF officer), Johnny Johnson, English RAF officer (d. 2022)
* November 26
** Tom Felleghy, Hungarian-born Italian actor (d. 2005)
** Françoise Gilot, French painter, critic and author (d. 2023)
* November 27
** Alexander DubÄek, Slovak politician, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (d. 1992)
** James Kinnier Wilson, English assyriologist (d. 2022)
* December 2 – Carlo Furno, Italian cardinal (d. 2015)
* December 3
** Phyllis Curtin, American soprano (d. 2016)
** Sonja Morawetz Sinclair, Canadian journalist, author and cryptographer (d. 2024)
** Madiha Yousri, Egyptian actress (d. 2018)
* December 4
** Deanna Durbin, Canadian singer (d. 2013)
** Sanford K. Moats, American Air Force general (d. 2023)
* December 5 – Arnljot Strømme Svendsen, Norwegian economist and politician (d. 2022)
* December 6 – Otto Graham, American football player (d. 2003)
* December 7 – Eric Blackwood, Canadian-English aviator (d. 2007)
* December 10
** Toh Chin Chye, Singaporean politician (d. 2012)
** Howard Fredeen, Canadian animal breeding researcher (d. 2021)
** Herbert Wahler, German Nazi war criminal (d. 2023)
* December 12 – Ira Neimark, American businessman and author (d. 2019)
* December 13 – Elda Cividino, Italian gymnast (d. 2014)
* December 14
** Simon Towneley, English author (d. 2022)
** Charley Trippi, American football player (d. 2022)
* December 15
** Alan Freed, American disc jockey, known for introducing rock and roll to mainstream radio (d. 1965)
** Nikolai Lebedev (actor), Nikolai Lebedev, Soviet-Russian actor (d. 2022)
* December 17 – Anne Golon, French writer (d. 2017)
* December 18 – Yuri Nikulin, Soviet/Russian actor, clown (d. 1997)
* December 19 – Blaže Koneski, Macedonian poet, linguist (d. 1993)
* December 20
** Ali Kandil, Egyptian football referee
** Gayraud Wilmore, American historian, theologian and educator (d. 2020)
* December 21 – Luigi Creatore, American songwriter, record producer (d. 2015)
* December 22 – Maurice Girardot, French Olympic basketball player (d. 2016)
* December 24
** Bill Dudley, "Bullet" Bill Dudley, National Football League MVP 1946, Pro Football Hall of Fame 1966 (d. 2010)
** Allan Edwards (Australian cricketer), Allan Edwards, Australian cricketer (d. 2019)
** Francisco Pires, Portuguese footballer
* December 26
** Steve Allen, American actor, composer, comedian, and author (d. 2000)
**John Severin, American humorous, war and western cartoonist (''Mad Magazine, Mad Comics'', ''Cracked (magazine), Cracked'') (d. 2012)
* December 28
** E. S. Campbell, American marine and author (d. 2020)
** Philippe de Gaulle, French admiral and senator (d. 2024)
* December 29 – Ronald Ernest Aitchison, Scottish footballer (d. 1996)
* December 30 – Rashid Karami, 8-time prime minister of Lebanon (d. 1987)
* December 31 РMaurice Yam̩ogo, President of Upper Volta (d. 1993)
* January 1 – Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, 5th Chancellor of Germany (German Reich), Chancellor of Germany (b. 1856)
* January 12 – Gervase Elwes, English tenor (b. 1866)
* January 18 – Adolf von Hildebrand, German sculptor (b. 1847)
* January 23 – Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz, German anatomist (b. 1836)
*
* July 1 – Maurice Bailloud, French general (b. 1847)
* July 3 – Prince Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1844)
* July 12 – Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourger-French physicist, academic and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
* July 22 – Manuel Fernández Silvestre, Spanish general (killed in action or suicide) (b. 1871)
* July 26 – Howard Vernon (Australian actor), Howard Vernon, Australian actor (b. 1848)
* August 2 – Enrico Caruso, Italian tenor (b. 1873)
* August 7 – Alexander Blok, Russian poet (b. 1880)
* August 8
** Juhani Aho, Finnish author and journalist (b. 1861)
** Maria Anna Rosa Caiani, Italian Roman Catholic nun and blessed (b. 1863)
* August 16 – Peter I of Serbia, King of Yugoslavia (b. 1844)
* August 26
** Matthias Erzberger, German politician (assassinated; b. 1875)
** Sándor Wekerle, 3-time prime minister of Hungary (b. 1848)
* August 31 – Karl von Bülow, German field marshal (b. 1846)
online edition
{{DEFAULTSORT:1921 1921,
April 15
Events Pre-1600
* 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings.
* 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guisca ...
– " Black Friday" in Britain: transport union members of the ' Triple Alliance' refuse to support national strike action
Strike action, also called labor strike, labour strike in British English, or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to Working class, work. A strike usually takes place in response to employee grievances. Str ...
by coal miners.
* April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601–1900
* 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
* 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...
– Ferenc Molnár
Ferenc Molnár ( , ; born Ferenc Neumann; January 12, 1878April 1, 1952), often anglicized as Franz Molnar, was a Hungarians, Hungarian-born author, stage director, dramatist, and poet. He is widely regarded as Hungary's most celebrated and c ...
's play ''Liliom
''Liliom'' is a 1909 play by the Hungarian playwright Ferenc Molnár. It was well known in its own right during the early to mid-20th century, but is best known today as the basis for the Rodgers and Hammerstein 1945 musical ''Carousel''.
P ...
'' is first produced in English on Broadway
Broadway may refer to:
Theatre
* Broadway Theatre (disambiguation)
* Broadway theatre, theatrical productions in professional theatres near Broadway, Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
** Broadway (Manhattan), the street
** Broadway Theatre (53rd Stre ...
. The play would later be adapted as the musical ''Carousel
A carousel or carrousel (mainly North American English), merry-go-round (International English), or galloper (British English) is a type of amusement ride consisting of a rotating circular platform with seats for riders. The seats are tradit ...
''.
May
*May 1
Events Pre-1600
* 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.
* 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
* 1169 & ...
– 7 – Jaffa riots
The Jaffa riots (commonly known in ) were a series of violent riots in Mandatory Palestine on May 1–7, 1921, which began as a confrontation between two Jewish groups but developed into an attack by Arabs on Jews and then reprisal attacks by ...
: Riots at Jaffa
Jaffa (, ; , ), also called Japho, Joppa or Joppe in English, is an ancient Levantine Sea, Levantine port city which is part of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel, located in its southern part. The city sits atop a naturally elevated outcrop on ...
, Mandatory Palestine
Mandatory Palestine was a British Empire, British geopolitical entity that existed between 1920 and 1948 in the Palestine (region), region of Palestine, and after 1922, under the terms of the League of Nations's Mandate for Palestine.
After ...
result in 47 Jewish and 48 Arab deaths.
* May 2
Events Pre-1600
* 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first royal charter.
* 1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great.
* 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and impris ...
–July 5
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – The official opening of Constantine's Bridge built over the Danube between Sucidava ( Corabia, Romania) and Oescus ( Gigen, Bulgaria) by the Roman architect Theophilus Patricius.
* 1316 – The Burgundian ...
– Third Silesian Uprising: Poles in Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia ( ; ; ; ; Silesian German: ; ) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic. The area is predominantly known for its heav ...
rise against the Germans.
* May 3
Events Pre-1600
* 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne.
* 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties ...
– The province of Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland ( ; ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland. It has been #Descriptions, variously described as a country, province or region. Northern Ireland shares Repub ...
is created within the United Kingdom.
* May 5
Events Pre-1600
* 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins.
* 1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta.
* 1260 – ...
** London Schedule of Payments sets out the World War I reparations
Following their defeat in World War I, the Central Powers agreed to pay war reparations to the Allied Powers. Each defeated power was required to make payments in either cash or kind. Because of the financial situation in Austria, Hungary, and ...
payable by the German Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich, was the German Reich, German state from 1918 to 1933, during which it was a constitutional republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclai ...
and other countries considered successors to the Central Powers
The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,; ; , ; were one of the two main coalitions that fought in World War I (1914–1918). It consisted of the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Bulga ...
– 132 billion gold marks ($33 billion), in annual installments of 2.5 billion.
** Chanel No. 5
Chanel No. 5 is the first perfume launched by French couturier Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel in 1921. The scent formula for the fragrance was compounded by French-Russian chemist and perfumer Ernest Beaux. The design of its bottle has been an imp ...
perfume launched by Coco Chanel
Gabrielle Bonheur "Coco" Chanel ( , ; 19 August 1883 – 10 January 1971) was a French fashion designer and Businessperson, businesswoman. The founder and namesake of the Chanel brand, she was credited in the post-World War I era with populari ...
.
** Only 13 paying spectators attend the football match between Leicester City
Leicester ( ) is a city status in the United Kingdom, city, Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority area, and the county town of Leicestershire in the East Midlands of England. It is the largest city in the East Midlands with a popula ...
and Stockport County F.C.
Stockport County Football Club is a professional association football club based in Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. The team competes in EFL League One, the third tier of the English football league system.
Formed in 1883 as Heaton ...
in England, the lowest attendance in The Football League
The English Football League (EFL) is a league of professional football clubs from England and Wales. Founded in 1888 as the Football League, it is the oldest football league in the world, and was the top-level football league in England from ...
's history.
* May 6
Events Pre-1600
* 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance.
* 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...
– The German-Soviet Provisional Agreement is signed: Germany recognises the Soviet government in the RSFSR
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the labo ...
.
* May 14
Events
Pre-1600
* 1027 – Robert II of France
Robert II ( 972 – 20 July 1031), called the Pious () or the Wise (), was List of French monarchs, King of the Franks from 996 to 1031, the second from the Capetian dynasty. Crowned Juni ...
– 15 – The major May 1921 geomagnetic storm occurs.
* May 14
Events
Pre-1600
* 1027 – Robert II of France
Robert II ( 972 – 20 July 1031), called the Pious () or the Wise (), was List of French monarchs, King of the Franks from 996 to 1031, the second from the Capetian dynasty. Crowned Juni ...
– 17 – Violent anti-European riots occur in Cairo
Cairo ( ; , ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, being home to more than 10 million people. It is also part of the List of urban agglomerations in Africa, largest urban agglomeration in Africa, L ...
and Alexandria
Alexandria ( ; ) is the List of cities and towns in Egypt#Largest cities, second largest city in Egypt and the List of coastal settlements of the Mediterranean Sea, largest city on the Mediterranean coast. It lies at the western edge of the Nile ...
, Egypt
Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...
.
* May 16
Events Pre-1600
* 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan.
* 1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
*13 ...
– The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia ( Czech and Slovak: ''Komunistická strana Československa'', KSČ) was a communist and Marxist–Leninist political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992. It was a member of the Com ...
is founded.
* May 19
Events
Pre-1600
* 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong of Tang, Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace.
* 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected.
* 934 – The Byzantine Empire reconquers Melitene under ...
– The Emergency Quota Act
__NOTOC__
The Emergency Quota Act, also known as the Emergency Immigration Act of 1921, the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921, the Per Centum Law, and the Johnson Quota Act (ch. 8, of May 19, 1921), was formulated mainly in response to the lar ...
is passed by the United States Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature, legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. It is a Bicameralism, bicameral legislature, including a Lower house, lower body, the United States House of Representatives, ...
, establishing national quotas on immigration. Because this drastically limits immigration from Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is a subregion of the Europe, European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural and socio-economic connotations. Its eastern boundary is marked by the Ural Mountain ...
, Jews
Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...
emigrating from there begin to prefer Palestine
Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in West Asia. Recognized by International recognition of Palestine, 147 of the UN's 193 member states, it encompasses the Israeli-occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and th ...
as a destination rather than the U.S.
* May 22
Events Pre-1600
* 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu.
* 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt.
...
– In the first golf
Golf is a club-and-ball sport in which players use various Golf club, clubs to hit a Golf ball, ball into a series of holes on a golf course, course in as few strokes as possible.
Golf, unlike most ball games, cannot and does not use a standa ...
international between the two countries, the United States beats the United Kingdom 9 rounds to 3.
* May 23
Events Pre-1600
* 1430 РJoan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compi̬gne by troops from the Burgundian faction.
* 1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy.
*1533 – The marriage of King Henry ...
–July 16
Events Pre-1600
* 622 – The Hijrah of Muhammad begins, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
* 997 – Battle of Spercheios: Bulgarian forces of Tsar Samuel are defeated by a Byzantine army under general Nikephoros Ouran ...
– The Leipzig War Crimes Trials
The Leipzig war crimes trials were held in 1921 to try alleged German War crime, war criminals of the First World War before the German ''Reichsgericht'' (Supreme Court) in Leipzig, as part of the penalties imposed on the German government unde ...
are held in Germany.
* May 24
Events Pre-1600
* 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom.
* 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt.
* 1276 – Magnus ...
– 1921 Irish elections
The 1921 Irish elections took place in Ireland on 24 May 1921 to elect members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland and the House of Commons of Southern Ireland. These legislatures had been established by the Government of Ireland Act 19 ...
: In the first Northern Ireland general election for the new Parliament of Northern Ireland
The Parliament of Northern Ireland was the home rule legislature of Northern Ireland, created under the Government of Ireland Act 1920, which sat from 7 June 1921 to 30 March 1972, when it was suspended because of its inability to restore ord ...
, Ulster Unionists
The Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) is a unionist political party in Northern Ireland. The party was founded as the Ulster Unionist Council in 1905, emerging from the Irish Unionist Alliance in Ulster. Under Edward Carson, it led unionist opposit ...
win 40 out of 52 seats. The dominant-party system
A dominant-party system, or one-party dominant system, is a political occurrence in which a single political party continuously dominates election results over running opposition groups or parties. Any ruling party staying in power for more tha ...
here will last for fifty years.
* May 25
Events Pre-1600
* 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans.
* 240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes ...
– Irish War of Independence
The Irish War of Independence (), also known as the Anglo-Irish War, was a guerrilla war fought in Ireland from 1919 to 1921 between the Irish Republican Army (1919–1922), Irish Republican Army (IRA, the army of the Irish Republic) and Unite ...
: The Irish Republican Army
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) is a name used by various Resistance movement, resistance organisations in Ireland throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. Organisations by this name have been dominantly Catholic and dedicated to anti-imperiali ...
occupies and burns The Custom House in Dublin
Dublin is the capital and largest city of Republic of Ireland, Ireland. Situated on Dublin Bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinster, and is bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, pa ...
, the centre of local government in Ireland. Five IRA men are killed, and over 80 are captured by the British Army
The British Army is the principal Army, land warfare force of the United Kingdom. the British Army comprises 73,847 regular full-time personnel, 4,127 Brigade of Gurkhas, Gurkhas, 25,742 Army Reserve (United Kingdom), volunteer reserve perso ...
which surrounds the building.
* May 26
Events Pre-1600
* 17 – Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe.
* 451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire ta ...
– A general strike
A general strike is a strike action in which participants cease all economic activity, such as working, to strengthen the bargaining position of a trade union or achieve a common social or political goal. They are organised by large coalitions ...
begins in Norway, begun by 120,000 workers led by Ole O. Lian.
* May 31
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome.
* 1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by th ...
–June 1
Events Pre-1600
* 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León.
* 1298 – Residents of Riga and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida.
* 1495 – A monk, John Cor, rec ...
– Tulsa Race Massacre
The Tulsa race massacre was a two-day-long white supremacist terrorist massacre that took place in the Greenwood District in Tulsa, Oklahoma, between May 31 and June 1, 1921, when mobs of white residents, some of whom had been appointed as ...
(Greenwood Massacre): Mobs of white residents attack black residents and businesses in Greenwood District, Tulsa
Greenwood is a historic freedom colony in Tulsa, Oklahoma. As one of the most prominent concentrations of African-American businesses in the United States during the early 20th century, it was popularly known as America's "Black Wall Street". ...
, Oklahoma. The official death toll is 36, but later investigations suggest an actual figure between 100 and 300. 1,250 homes are destroyed and roughly 6,000 African Americans imprisoned in one of the worst incidents of mass racial violence in the United States
In the broader context of racism in the United States, mass racial violence in the United States consists of ethnic conflicts and race riots, along with such events as:
* Racially based targeted attacks against African Americans by White Ameri ...
.
June
*June 3
Events Pre-1600
* 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
* 713 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine emperor Philippikos Ba ...
– The death penalty
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct. The sentence ordering that an offender be punished in s ...
is abolished in Sweden.
* June 10 – Paris declaration: Representatives of the three states of Transcaucasia and the North Caucasus (the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian, Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, Azerbaijani and Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, Georgian Republics of the Soviet Union, Socialist Soviet Republics) proclaim their independence, establishing a customs union and military alliance, not internationally recognized.
* June 15
** Compagnie Générale Transatlantique's liner makes her maiden voyage from Le Havre to New York City, New York.
** 29-year-old African American Bessie Coleman obtains her pilot's licence in France and becomes the first black woman to have a pilot's licence.
* June 21 – The International Hydrographic Organization, International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB) is established as an agency of the League of Nations; it continues in this form until April 19, 1946.
* June 22–July 12 – The 3rd World Congress of the Comintern, Third Congress of the Communist International takes place.
* June 27 – The first signings of Treaty 11, an agreement between George V, King of Canada, and various Canadian First Nations in Canada, First Nations, are conducted at Fort Providence.
* June 28
** The Constitutional Assembly of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes passes the Vidovdan Constitution, despite a boycott of the vote by the communists, and Croat and Slovene parties.
** The coal Strike action, strike in the United Kingdom ends with the Miners' Federation of Great Britain
The Miners' Federation of Great Britain (MFGB) was established after a meeting of local mining trade unions in Newport, Wales, Newport, Wales in 1888. The federation was formed to represent and co-ordinate the affairs of local and regional miners' ...
obliged to accept pay cuts.
July
* July 1 ** The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is founded. ** The first Bacillus Calmette-Gu̩rin, BCG vaccination against tuberculosis is given, in Paris, France; the recipient is a newborn child. * July 2 РU.S. President Warren Harding signs a joint congressional resolution, declaring an end to America's state of war with Germany, Austria and Hungary. * July 4 РA new conservative government is formed in Italy by Ivanoe Bonomi. * July 11 ** TheIrish War of Independence
The Irish War of Independence (), also known as the Anglo-Irish War, was a guerrilla war fought in Ireland from 1919 to 1921 between the Irish Republican Army (1919–1922), Irish Republican Army (IRA, the army of the Irish Republic) and Unite ...
ends under the terms of the truce (signed on 9 July) which becomes effective at noon between the British Army
The British Army is the principal Army, land warfare force of the United Kingdom. the British Army comprises 73,847 regular full-time personnel, 4,127 Brigade of Gurkhas, Gurkhas, 25,742 Army Reserve (United Kingdom), volunteer reserve perso ...
and the Irish Republican Army
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) is a name used by various Resistance movement, resistance organisations in Ireland throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. Organisations by this name have been dominantly Catholic and dedicated to anti-imperiali ...
.
** The Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...
captures Mongolia
Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po ...
from the White Army
The White Army, also known as the White Guard, the White Guardsmen, or simply the Whites, was a common collective name for the armed formations of the White movement and Anti-Sovietism, anti-Bolshevik governments during the Russian Civil War. T ...
and establishes the Mongolian People's Republic.
* July 14 – A Massachusetts jury finds Sacco and Vanzetti, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti guilty of first degree murder following a widely publicized trial whose verdict will spark protests around the world.
* July 17 – The Republic of Mirdita is proclaimed near the Albanian-Serbian border, with Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Yugoslav support.
* July 21
** Rif War: Battle of Annual – Spanish troops are dealt a crushing defeat at the hands of Abd el-Krim in Morocco.
** Edward Harper (engineer), Edward Harper, the "father of broadcasting" in Ceylon, arrives in Colombo to take up his post as Chief Engineer of the Ceylon Telegraph Department.
* July 23 – 1st National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party opens in Shanghai.
* July 26 – U.S. President Warren G. Harding receives Princess Fatima of Emirate of Afghanistan, Afghanistan who is escorted by imposter Stanley Clifford Weyman.
* July 27 – Researchers at the University of Toronto, led by biochemist Frederick Banting, announce the discovery of the hormone insulin.
* July 29 – Adolf Hitler becomes ''Führer'' of the Nazi Party in Germany.
August
* August 5 – The first radio baseball game is broadcast: Harold Arlin announces the Pirates-Phillies game from Forbes Field over Westinghouse KDKA in Pittsburgh. * August 11 ** Franklin D. Roosevelt's paralytic illness strikes while he is vacationing; on August 25 he is diagnosed with polio and aged 39 becomes permanently disabled. ** The temperature reaches 39 degrees Celsius in Breslau; the heat wave continues elsewhere in Europe as well. * August 23 – King Faisal I of Iraq is crowned in Baghdad. * August 24 – R38-class airship ZR-2 explodes on her fourth test flight near Kingston upon Hull, England, killing 44 of the 49 Anglo-American crew on board. * August 25 – The Battle of Blair Mountain, the largest labor uprising in United States history and the country's largest peacetime armed uprising, begins in Logan County, West Virginia as part of the Coal Wars, continuing until September 2. * August 26 ** Rising prices cause major riots in Munich. ** Following the assassination of former Finance Minister Matthias Erzberger by right-wing terrorists, the German government declares martial law.September
* September 1 – Poplar Rates Rebellion: Nine members of the borough council of Poplar, London, are arrested. * September 8 – Margaret Gorman, 16, wins the Golden Mermaid trophy at a beauty pageant in Atlantic City, New Jersey; officials later dub her the first Miss America. * September 13 – White Castle (restaurant), White Castle hamburger restaurant opens in Wichita, Kansas, foundation of the world's first fast food chain. * September 21 – The Oppau explosion occurs at BASF's nitrate factory in Oppau, Germany; 500–600 are killed. * September 28 – Sauerländer Heimatbund is founded in Meschede, Germany.October
* 3 October – Simko, the leader of the Shekak (tribe), Shikak tribe, kills the Iranian commander Colonel Mohammad Taqi Pessian by beheading him in the Battle of Jafarabad, which is the first incident of his Simko Shikak revolt (1918–1922), rebellion. * October 5 ** The World Series baseball game in North America is first broadcast on the radio, by Newark, New Jersey, station WJZ, Pittsburgh station KDKA, and a group of other commercial and amateur stations throughout the eastern United States. ** Constitution of Liechtenstein granted by Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein, making the country a constitutional monarchy. * October 7 – During his Simko Shikak revolt (1918-1922), first rebellion, Simko Shikak launches an attack on the Savujbulak district of Mahabad. With a force of approximately 3,900, he attacks the gendarmes, killing 400 of them and looting the local population. * October 8 – The first Sweetest Day is staged in Cleveland, Ohio. * October 10 – Teaching at the University of Szeged begins, in the Kingdom of Hungary. * October 11 – The Anglo-Irish Treaty#Negotiations, Irish Treaty Conference opens in London. * October 13 ** The Treaty of Kars is signed between theGovernment of the Grand National Assembly
The Government of the Grand National Assembly (), self-identified as the State of Turkey () or Turkey (), commonly known as the Ankara Government (), or archaically the Angora Government, was the provisional and revolutionary Turkish government ba ...
of Turkey and the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian, Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, Azerbaijani and Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, Georgian Republics of the Soviet Union, Socialist Soviet Republics in Transcaucasia, establishing common boundaries.
** Swedish Social Democratic party leader Hjalmar Branting becomes yet again Prime Minister, after strong general election gains for his party.
* October 19 – 'Bloody Night' (''Noite Sangrenta''): A massacre in Lisbon claims the lives of Portuguese Prime-Minister António Granjo and other politicians.
* October 20 – Treaty of Ankara (1921), Treaty of Ankara signed between the French Third Republic
The French Third Republic (, sometimes written as ) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France durin ...
and the Government of the Grand National Assembly
The Government of the Grand National Assembly (), self-identified as the State of Turkey () or Turkey (), commonly known as the Ankara Government (), or archaically the Angora Government, was the provisional and revolutionary Turkish government ba ...
of Turkey, ending the Franco-Turkish War
The Franco–Turkish War, known as the Cilicia Campaign () in France and as the Southern Front () of the Turkish War of Independence in Turkey, was a series of conflicts fought between France (the French Colonial Forces and the French Armenian ...
.
* October 21 – George Melford's wildly successful silent film ''The Sheik (film), The Sheik'', which will propel its leading actor Rudolph Valentino to international stardom, premieres in Los Angeles.
* October 24 – In the continuing Rif War, the Spanish Army defeats rifkabyl rebels in Morocco.
* October 29 – In the United States:
** Construction of the Link River Dam, a part of the Klamath Project in Oregon, is completed.
** Centre College's American football team, led by quarterback Bo McMillin, defeats Harvard Crimson football, Harvard University 6–0, to break Harvard's five-year winning streak. For decades afterward, this is called "football's upset of the century."
November
* November 4 – After a speech by Adolf Hitler in the Hofbräuhaus in Munich (Germany), members of the ''Sturmabteilung'' ("brownshirts") physically assault his opposition. * November 9 – The National Fascist Party ( or PNF) is founded in Kingdom of Italy, Italy. * November 11 – During an Armistice Day ceremony at Arlington National Cemetery, the Tomb of the Unknowns is dedicated by Warren G. Harding, President of the United States. * November 14 – The Spanish Communist Party is founded. * November 23 – In the United States, the Sheppard–Towner Act is signed by President Harding, providing federal funding for maternity and child care. * November – Hyperinflation is rampant in Germany, where 263 German Papiermark, marks are now needed to buy a single American dollar, more than 20 times greater than the 12 marks needed in April 1919.December
* December 1 – Rising prices cause riots inVienna
Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...
.
* December 6
** The Anglo-Irish Treaty establishing the Irish Free State, an independent nation incorporating 26 of Ireland's 32 counties, is signed in London.
** Agnes Macphail becomes the first woman to be elected to the Canadian Parliament.
* December 13 – In the Four-Power Treaty on Insular Possessions, the Empire of Japan, United States, United Kingdom, and French Third Republic
The French Third Republic (, sometimes written as ) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France durin ...
agree to recognize the status quo in the Pacific.
* December 23 – Visva-Bharati College is founded by Rabindranath Tagore in Santiniketan, Bengal Presidency, British India.
* December 29 – William Lyon Mackenzie King becomes Canada's tenth Prime Minister of Canada, prime minister; he will serve for three non-consecutive terms until 1948.
Date unknown
* Spring – Russian famine of 1921–22 begins; roughly 5,000,000 die. * Luxury goods brand Gucci is founded in Florence, Italy.Births
January
* January 1
** César Baldaccini, French sculptor (d. 1998)
** Cliff Bourland, American athlete (d. 2018)
** Hossein Wahid Khorasani, Iranian ayatollah
** Ismail al-Faruqi, Isma'il Raji al-Faruqi, Palestinian-American Islamic scholar (d. 1986)
* January 3
** Bill Gold, American graphic designer (d. 2018)
** Bob Dawson (footballer), Bob Dawson, Australian rules footballer (d. 2023)
** Jean-Louis Koszul, French mathematician (d. 2018)
** John Russell (actor), John Russell, American actor (d. 1991)
** Cecil Souders, American football player (d. 2021)
* January 4 – Pedro Richter Prada, 115th Prime Minister of Peru (d. 2017)
* January 5
** Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Swiss writer (d. 1990)
** Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (d. 2019)
* January 9 – Ãgnes Keleti, Hungarian artistic gymnast (d. 2025)
* January 10 – T. M. Kaliannan, Indian politician (d. 2021)
* January 11 – Juanita M. Kreps, American government official and businesswoman (d. 2010)
* January 12 – Muriel Phillips, American nurse and author (d. 2022)
* January 14
** Murray Bookchin, American libertarian socialist (d. 2006)
** Roger Carré, French footballer (d. 1996)
* January 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1458 BC – Hatshepsut dies at the age of 50 and is buried in the Valley of the Kings.
* 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the R ...
** Henry Sayler (Florida politician), Henry Sayler, American politician (d. 2021)
** George Thomson, Baron Thomson of Monifieth, British politician and journalist (d. 2008)
** Shmuel Toledano, Israeli politician (d. 2022)
* January 17
Events Pre-1600
* 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey.
* 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 peopl ...
** Asghar Khan, Pakistani politician, first native Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Air Force, the world's youngest Air Vice Marshal at 36 and Air Marshal at 37 years old (d. 2018)
** Epaminondas Stassinopoulos, Greek astrophysicist (d. 2022)
** Dan Tolkowsky, Israeli Air Force commander
* January 18 – Yoichiro Nambu, Japanese-American Nobel physicist (d. 2015)
* January 19
** Rachel Dror, German teacher and Holocaust survivor (d. 2024)
** Patricia Highsmith, American author (d. 1995)
* January 20
Events Pre-1600
* 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution.
*1156 – Finnish peasant Lalli kills English clergyman Henry (bishop of Finland), Henry, the Bishop of Turku, on the ice of Köyliönjärvi, Lake Köyli� ...
– John Bai Ningxian, Chinese Roman Catholic bishop (d. unknown)
* January 21
Events Pre-1600
* 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa.
* 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded wh ...
** Jaswant Singh Marwah, Indian soldier, journalist and author
** Howard Unruh, American spree killer (d. 2009)
* January 22 – Eleanor Owen, American playwright, actress, professor and mental health advocate (d. 2022)
* January 23
** Hermann Baumann (wrestler), Hermann Baumann, Swiss Olympic freestyle wrestler (d. 1999)
** Marija Gimbutas, Lithuanian archaeologist (d. 1994)
** Justus Rosenberg, Polish academic (d. 2021)
* January 24 – Beatrice Mintz, American biologist (d. 2022)
* January 25
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate.
* 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dyn ...
– Josef HoleÄek (canoeist), Josef HoleÄek, Czechoslovakian canoeist (d. 2005)
* January 26
** Elisabeth Kirkby, English-born Australian actress, politician and radio broadcaster
** Akio Morita, Japanese businessman, co-founder of Sony (d. 1999)
** Veikko Uusimäki, Finnish actor and theater councilor (d. 2008)
* January 27
** Raymond E. Peet, American admiral (d. 2021)
** Donna Reed, American actress (d. 1986)
* January 29 – Mustafa Ben Halim, Former Prime Minister of Libya (d. 2021)
* January 31
** Carol Channing, American actress (d. 2019)
** Abu Sayeed Chowdhury, 2nd President of Bangladesh (d. 1987)
** Mario Lanza, American operatic tenor and actor (d. 1959)
February
* February 1
** Dino De Martin, Italian bobsledder (d. 1960)
** Francisco Raúl Villalobos Padilla, Mexican Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2022)
** Peter Sallis, English actor (d. 2017)
* February 4 – Betty Friedan, American feminist (d. 2006)
* February 5
** Zbigniew Czajkowski, Polish fencer (d. 2019)
** Lise Thiry, Belgian scientist and politician (d. 2024)
* February 6 – Mikheil Tumanishvili, Georgian theatre director, teacher (d. 1996)
* February 7
** Dean S. Laird, American naval aviator and flying ace (d. 2022)
** Trude Malcorps, Dutch swimmer
* February 8
** Hans Albert, German philosopher (d. 2023)
** Nexhmije Hoxha, widow of Albanian communist leader Enver Hoxha (d. 2020)
** Betsy Jochum, American baseball player (d. 2025)
** Balram Singh Rai, Guyanese politician (d. 2022)
** Lana Turner, American actress (d. 1995)
* February 11 – Lloyd Bentsen, American politician (d. 2006)
* February 13 РRen̩e Doria, French operatic soprano (d. 2021)
* February 14
** Frank A. DeMarco, Italian-born Canadian educator and administrator (d. 2023)
** Hazel McCallion, Canadian politician and businesswoman (d. 2023)
* February 16
** John Galbraith Graham, crossword compiler (pseudonyms 'Arucaria' and 'Cinephile') and priest (d. 2013)
** Hua Guofeng, Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, Premier of the People's Republic of China, Premier of China (d. 2008)
** Walter Thiele, German inventor
** Vera-Ellen, American actress and dancer (d. 1981)
* February 17
** Muriel Coben, Canadian professional baseball, curling player (d. 1979)
** Herbert Köfer, German actor (d. 2021)
* February 18
** Ken Casanega, American football player (d. 2021)
** Brian Faulkner, 6th Prime Minister of Northern Ireland (d. 1977)
* February 20
Events Pre-1600
*1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated.
*1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawn (law), pawned by Norway to S ...
** "Nature Boy" Buddy Rogers, American professional wrestler (d. 1992)
** Alex Thomson (rugby union), Alex Thomson, Scottish rugby player (d. 2010)
* February 21
Events Pre-1600
* 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine.
* 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery.
* 1440 – The ...
** Leroy J. Manor, American Air Force general (d. 2021)
** John Rawls, American liberal moral and political philosopher (d. 2002)
* February 22
** Jean-Bédel Bokassa, 2nd President of the Central African Republic (1966–1976), Emperor of Central Africa (1976–1979) (d. 1996)
** Wayne C. Booth, American literary critic (d. 2005)
** Marshall Teague (racing driver), Marshall Teague, American race car driver (d. 1959)
** Giulietta Masina, Italian actress (d. 1994)
* February 24
** Ingvar Lidholm, Swedish composer (d. 2017)
** Dick Van Orden, American admiral (d. 2018)
** Abe Vigoda, American actor (d. 2016)
* February 25
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor.
* 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II.
* ...
– Pierre Laporte, Canadian statesman (d. 1970)
* February 26 – Betty Hutton, American actress and singer (d. 2007)
* February 27
Events Pre-1600
* 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity.
* 425 – The University of Constantin ...
– Eka Tjipta Widjaja, Chinese-Indonesian billionaire and businessman (d. 2019)
* February 28
Events Pre-1600
*202 BC – Emperor Gaozu of Han, Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty.
* 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic), Fourth Council of Co ...
** Pierre Clostermann, French World War II pilot (d. 2006)
** Theodor Otto Diener, Swiss-born American plant pathologist (d. 2023)
March
* March 1
Events Pre-1600
* 509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor Diocleti ...
** Jack Clayton, British film director (d. 1995)
** Terence Cooke, Terence Cardinal Cooke, American Roman Catholic prelate (d. 1983)
** Richard Wilbur, American poet (d. 2017)
* March 2
** Wilhelm Büsing, German equestrian (d. 2023)
** Robert Simpson (composer), Robert Simpson, English composer (d. 1997)
* March 3 – Diana Barrymore, American actress (d. 1960)
* March 4 – Halim El-Dabh, Egyptian-born U.S. composer, performer, ethnomusicologist and educator (d. 2017)
* March 5
Events Pre-1600
* 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death.
* 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Easte ...
– Elmer Valo, Czechoslovakia-born Major League Baseball player (d. 1998)
* March 7 – Syed Nasir Ismail, Malaysian politician (d. 1982)
* March 8
Events Pre-1600
* 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem '' Shahnameh''.
* 1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León.
* 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between ...
– Alan Hale Jr., American actor (''Gilligan's Island'') (d. 1990)
* March 9
Events Pre-1600
*141 BC – Liu Che, Posthumous name, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China.
*1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the Annals of Quedlinburg, annals of the mo ...
– Evelyn M. Witkin, American geneticist (d. 2023)
* March 10
** George Elder (baseball), George Elder, American baseball player (d. 2022)
** Cec Linder, Polish-born Canadian actor (d. 1992)
** Charlotte Zucker, American actress (d. 2007)
* March 11
** Frank Harary, American mathematician (d. 2005)
** Astor Piazzolla, Argentine tango composer, bandoneon player and arranger (d. 1992)
* March 12
Events Pre-1600
* 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius.
* 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of th ...
** Gianni Agnelli, Italian auto executive (d. 2003)
** Gordon MacRae, American singer, actor (d. 1986)
* March 13
Events Pre-1600
* 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander.
* 624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Mu ...
– Al Jaffee, American cartoonist (d. 2023)
* March 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland.
* 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the H ...
** George Berci, Hungarian-American surgeon (d. 2024)
** Lis Hartel, Danish equestrian (d. 2009)
* March 17
Events Pre-1600
* 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda.
* 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of ...
– Meir Amit, Israeli politician, general (d. 2009)
* March 18
Events Pre-1600
* 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10.
* 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ar ...
– Betty Hall, American politician (d. 2018)
* March 20
Events Pre-1600
*1206 – Michael IV of Constantinople, Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
*1600 РThe Link̦ping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Link̦ping, Sweden: five Swedish n ...
** Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow, Senegalese educator (d. 2024)
** Alfréd Rényi, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1970)
* March 21
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the '' Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas ...
** Arthur Grumiaux, Belgian violinist (d. 1986)
** Xu Zuyao, Chinese expert in materials science (d. 2017)
** Vasily Stalin, Soviet general (d. 1962)
** Abdul Salam Arif, President of Iraq (d. 1966)
* March 22 – Jean Bruce, French writer (d. 1963)
* March 24
Events Pre-1600
*1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6.
* 1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian- Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margat ...
** Wilson Harris, Guyanese writer (d. 2018)
** Vasily Smyslov, Soviet chess player (d. 2010)
** Franciszek Blachnicki, Polish priest (d. 1987)
* March 25
** Simone Signoret, French actress (d. 1985)
** Alexandra of Yugoslavia (d. 1993)
* March 27 РH̩l̬ne Berr, French writer (d. 1945)
* March 28 – Dirk Bogarde, English actor and writer (d. 1999)
* March 30 – Francesc Gras Salas, Catalan ophthalmologist (died 2022)
* March 31
Events Pre-1600
* 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian.
* 1146 РBernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at V̩zelay, urging ...
** Kurt Bertsch, Swiss footballer
** Eduardo Cerqueira, Portuguese footballer
** Pierre Ranzoni, French footballer (d. 1999)
** Roy Houghton, English footballer
April
* April 1 ** Arthur "Guitar Boogie" Smith, American musician and songwriter (d. 2014) ** Abd-Al-Minaam Khaleel, Egyptian army general (d. 2022) * April 3 – DarÃo Moreno, Turkish singer (d. 1968) * April 6 – Wilbur Thompson, American Olympic champion shot putter (d. 2013) * April 7 ** Robina Asti, WWII veteran, flight instructor, trans' rights activist, women's rights activist (d. 2021) ** Bill Butler (cinematographer), Bill Butler, American cinematographer (d. 2023) * April 8 ** Giuseppe Albani (footballer), Giuseppe Albani, Italian footballer (d. 1989) ** Franco Corelli, Italian opera singer (d. 2003) ** Phyllis Latour, English-French Legion of Honour recipient (d. 2023) * April 9 ** Jean-Marie Balestre, French sports executive (d. 2008) ** Roger Bocquet, Swiss footballer (d. 1994) ** Mary Jackson (engineer), Mary Jackson, African-American mathematician and engineer (d. 2005) ** Yitzhak Navon, Israeli politician (d. 2015) * April 10 ** Chuck Connors, American basketball and baseball player turned actor (d. 1992) ** Elizabeth Innes, Scottish paediatric haematologist (d. 2015) *April 11
Events Pre-1600
* 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.
* 1241 РBatu Khan defeats B̩la IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi.
*1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferra ...
– Maura McNiel, American feminist (d. 2020)
* April 12 – Enric Marco, Spanish imposter, fake Holocaust survivor (d. 2022)
* April 13
** Dona Ivone Lara, Brazilian singer, composer (d. 2018)
** Leo Mogus, American basketball player (d. 1971)
** Louis Witten, American theoretical physicist
* April 14 – Thomas Schelling, American economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2016)
* April 15
Events Pre-1600
* 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings.
* 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guisca ...
– Georgy Beregovoy, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 1995)
* April 16
** Peter Ustinov, English actor, director and writer (d. 2004)
** Guy Warren (artist), Guy Warren, Australian painter (d. 2024)
* April 17 – Sergio Sollima, Italian director (d. 2015)
* April 18 – Xu Yuanchong, Chinese translator (d. 2021)
* April 19
** Robert Maxwell (songwriter), Robert Maxwell, American songwriter and harpist (d. 2012)
** Roberto Tucci, Italian cardinal, theologian (d. 2015)
* April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601–1900
* 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
* 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...
– Kenneth O. Chilstrom, American Air Force officer (d. 2022)
* April 22 – Vivian Dandridge, African-American actress (d. 1991)
* April 23 – Janet Blair, American actress (d. 2007)
* April 25 – Karel Appel, Dutch painter (d. 2006)
* April 26
** Nelson Dalzell, New Zealand rugby union player (d. 1989)
** Jimmy Giuffre, American jazz musician (d. 2008)
* April 27
** Abdelmalek Benhabyles, Algerian politician (d. 2018)
** Hans-Joachim Kulenkampff, German television host, entertainer (d. 1998)
* April 29
** Cornelis de Jager, Dutch astronomer (d. 2021)
** Pavel Vranský, Czech brigadier general and RAF radio operator (d. 2018)
* April 30
** Dottie Green, American professional baseball player (d. 1992)
** Tove Maës, Danish actress (d. 2010)
May
* May 2
Events Pre-1600
* 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first royal charter.
* 1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great.
* 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and impris ...
** B. B. Lal (archaeologist), B. B. Lal, Indian archaeologist (d. 2022)
** Satyajit Ray, Indian filmmaker (d. 1992)
* May 3
Events Pre-1600
* 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne.
* 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties ...
– Sugar Ray Robinson, American boxer (d. 1989)
* May 4 – Harry Daghlian, American physicist (d. 1945)
* May 5
Events Pre-1600
* 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins.
* 1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta.
* 1260 – ...
** Jim Conacher, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2020)
** Arthur Leonard Schawlow, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
** Eric Tweedale, English-born Australian rugby union player (d. 2023)
* May 6
Events Pre-1600
* 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance.
* 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...
– Erich Fried, Austrian author (d. 1988)
* May 8 – Robert Hugh Ferrell, American historian (d. 2018)
* May 9 – Sophie Scholl, German student, anti-Nazi resistance fighter (executed) (d. 1943)
* May 11
** Hildegard Hamm-Brücher, German politician (d. 2016)
** Alec Mathieson, Australian rules footballer (d. 2022)
* May 12
** Joseph Beuys, German artist (d. 1986)
** Farley Mowat, Canadian writer, naturalist (d. 2014)
** Lily Renée, Austrian-born American cartoonist (d. 2022)
* May 15 – Baron Vaea, Prime Minister of Tonga (d. 2009)
* May 16
Events Pre-1600
* 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan.
* 1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
*13 ...
** Earl Ashby, Cuban baseball player
** Harry Carey Jr., American actor (d. 2012)
* May 17 – Dennis Brain, English musician (d. 1957)
* May 18 – Michael A. Epstein, English pathologist and academic (d. 2024)
* May 19
Events
Pre-1600
* 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong of Tang, Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace.
* 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected.
* 934 – The Byzantine Empire reconquers Melitene under ...
** Karel van het Reve, Dutch writer (d. 1999)
** Yuri Kochiyama, Japanese-American civil rights activist (d. 2014)
* May 20 – Wolfgang Borchert, German writer (d. 1947)
* May 21
** Andrei Sakharov, Soviet physicist, human rights activist, and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1989)
** Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar, Indian philosopher, author of the socio-economic Progressive Utilization Theory (d. 1990)
* May 23
Events Pre-1600
* 1430 РJoan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compi̬gne by troops from the Burgundian faction.
* 1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy.
*1533 – The marriage of King Henry ...
** Beate Albrecht, German violinist and music educator (d. 2017)
** James Blish, American science fiction author (d. 1975)
** Laurin L. Henry, American researcher (d. 2025)
** Ray Lawler, Australian actor and director (d. 2024)
** Humphrey Lyttelton, British jazz musician, radio personality (d. 2008)
** Georgy Natanson, Russian director, screenwriter and playwright (d. 2017)
* May 24
Events Pre-1600
* 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom.
* 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt.
* 1276 – Magnus ...
– Yevgeniya Rudneva, Soviet World War II heroine (d. 1944)
* May 25
Events Pre-1600
* 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans.
* 240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes ...
** Hal David, American songwriter and lyricist (d. 2012)
** Kitty Kallen, American singer (d. 2016)
** Sadhu Ram Sharma, Indian politician
** Jack Steinberger, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2020)
* May 26
Events Pre-1600
* 17 – Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe.
* 451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire ta ...
** Inge Borkh, German soprano (some sources say she was born 1917) (d. 2018)
** Stan Mortensen, English footballer (d. 1991)
* May 28 – Heinz G. Konsalik, German author (d. 1999)
* May 29
** Norman Hetherington, Australian puppeteer and artist (d. 2010)** Elizabeth Kelly, English actress
** Elizabeth Kelly, English actress
* May 30
** Branko Mamula, Yugoslav politician (d. 2021)
** Jamie Uys, South African actor, film director (d. 1996)
June
* June 1
Events Pre-1600
* 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León.
* 1298 – Residents of Riga and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida.
* 1495 – A monk, John Cor, rec ...
– Nelson Riddle, American bandleader (d. 1985)
* June 3
Events Pre-1600
* 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
* 713 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine emperor Philippikos Ba ...
– Forbes Carlile, Australian athlete (d. 2016)
* June 4 – Bobby Wanzer, American basketball player and coach (d. 2016)
* June 5
** James Francis Edwards, Canadian fighter pilot (d. 2022)
** P. K. Warrier, Indian Ayurveda practitioner (d. 2021)
* June 7
** Myrtle Edwards, Australian cricketer, softball player (d. 2010)
** Bernard Lown, American medical innovator, Nobel Peace Prize recipient (d. 2021)
** Jakob Skarstein, Norwegian journalist and radio personality (d. 2021)
** Brian Talboys, New Zealand politician, 7th Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 2012)
* June 8
** Alexis Smith, Canadian-born American actress (d. 1993)
** Suharto, President of Indonesia (d. 2008)
* June 9
** Margaret Danhauser, American professional baseball player (d. 1987)
** Gul Hassan Khan, Pakistani survivor of the 1935 Quetta earthquake, three-star rank General and last C-in-C of the Pakistan Army (d. 1999)
* June 10
** Oskar Gröning, German SS officer, war criminal (d. 2018)
** Jim Cullivan, American football coach (d. 2024)
** Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Greek-born member of the British royal family as consort of Queen Elizabeth II (d. 2021)
** Sergio Arellano Stark, Chilean military officer (d. 2016)
** Yakov Springer, Polish weightlifting judge (d. 1972)
* June 12
** Luis GarcÃa Berlanga, Spanish film director and screenwriter (d. 2010)
** Johan Witteveen, Dutch politician, economist and International Monetary Fund, 5th Managing Director of the IMF (d. 2019)
* June 13
** Edmund W. Gordon, American psychologist
** Nancy Warren (baseball), Nancy Warren, American professional baseball player (d. 2001)
* June 16 – Walter Barylli, Austrian violinist (d. 2022)
* June 17 – Aydın Boysan, Turkish architect (d. 2018)
* June 19
** Richard M. Goody, English-born American atmospheric physicist and professor (d. 2023)
** Doris Sands Johnson, Bahamian teacher, suffragette and politician (d. 1983)
** Louis Jourdan, French actor (d. 2015)
* June 21
** Gebhard Büchel, Liechtenstein decathlete
** Hernando Hoyos, Colombian sports shooter (d. 2000)
** Patricia Kenworthy Nuckols, American field hockey player and aviator (d. 2022)
** Thomas Morrow Reavley, American judge (d. 2020)
** Jane Russell, American actress (d. 2011)
* June 22
** Ralph K. Hofer, American fighter pilot (d. 1942)
** Růžena Krásná, Czech politician and human rights advocate (d. 2012)
** Barbara Perry (actress), Barbara Perry, American actress and singer (d. 2019)
* June 23
** Paul Findley, American politician (d. 2019)
** Marius Mora, French cross-country skier (d. 2006)
** Colin Pinch, Australian cricketer (d. 2006)
* June 24 – Gerhard Sommer, German soldier (d. 2019)
* June 25 – Dennis Wilson (poet), Dennis Wilson, British war poet (d. 2022)
* June 26
** Robert Everett (computer scientist), Robert Everett, American computer scientist (d. 2018)
** Violette Szabo, French World War II heroine (d. 1945)
* June 27
** Muriel Pavlow, English actress (d. 2019)
** Princess Vimolchatra of Thailand (d. 2009)
* June 28 – P. V. Narasimha Rao, Prime Minister of India (d. 2004)
* June 29
** Bob Kennedy (American football, born 1921), Bob Kennedy, American football player (d. 2010)
** Jean Kent, English actress (d. 2013)
** Reinhard Mohn, German businessman (d. 2009)
* June 30
** Oswaldo López Arellano, 42nd and 44th President of Honduras (d. 2010)
** Jules Amez-Droz, Swiss fencer (d. 2012)
** Pierre Labric, French organist and composer
July
* July 1 – Seretse Khama, 1st President of Botswana (d. 1980) * July 2 – Joseph Zhu Baoyu, Chinese Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2020) * July 3 ** Flor MarÃa Chalbaud, former First Lady of Venezuela (d. 2013) ** Levi Yitzchak Horowitz, American-born Hasidic Judaism, Hasidic rebbe (d. 2009) * July 4 ** Gérard Debreu, French economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004) **Dudar Hahanov, Soviet composer, violinist and conductor (d. 1995) ** Nasser Sharifi, Iranian sports shooter ** Tibor Varga (violinist), Tibor Varga, Hungarian violinist, conductor (d. 2003) *July 5
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – The official opening of Constantine's Bridge built over the Danube between Sucidava ( Corabia, Romania) and Oescus ( Gigen, Bulgaria) by the Roman architect Theophilus Patricius.
* 1316 – The Burgundian ...
** Clare Abbott (artist), Clare Abbott, South African artist and illustrator (d. 2008)
** Zeynep Korkmaz, Turkish scholar and dialectologist
** Nanos Valaoritis, Greek writer (d. 2019)
** Patricia Wright (actress), Patricia Wright, American actress
* July 6
** Nancy Reagan, American actress, First Lady of the United States (d. 2016)
** Allan MacEachen, Canadian politician (d. 2017)
* July 7 – Dragomir Felba, Serbian actor (d. 2006)
* July 8
** John Money, New Zealand psychologist, sexologist and author (d. 2006)
** Edgar Morin, French philosopher and sociologist
** Frank Prihoda, Australian alpine skier (d. 2022)
* July 10
** Ed Iskenderian, American hot rodder and entrepreneur
** Eunice Kennedy Shriver, daughter of American politician Joseph P. Kennedy (d. 2009)
** John K. Singlaub, U.S. Army Major General (d. 2022)
* July 11
** Claude Bonin-Pissarro, French painter and graphic designer (d. 2021)
** Petter Hugsted, Norwegian Olympic ski jumper (d. 2000)
** Ilse Werner, German actress (d. 2005)
* July 13
** Lucette Finas, French author and essayist
** Ernest Gold (composer), Ernest Gold, Austrian-American composer (d. 1999)
** Reinhard Sommer, German trade union leader
* July 14
** Leon Garfield, English writer (d. 1996)
** Armand Gaudreault, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2013)
** Geoffrey Wilkinson, English chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
** Sixto Durán Ballén, President of Ecuador (d. 2016)
* July 15
** Robert Bruce Merrifield, American chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)
** Carl Richardson, American football coach (d. 2023)
** N. Sankaraiah, Indian communist politician (d. 2023)
* July 17
** Acquanetta, American actress (d. 2004)
** PÃo Corcuera, Argentine football striker (d. 2011)
** Hannah Szenes, Hungarian World War II heroine (d. 1944)
* July 18
** Aaron T. Beck, American psychiatrist (d. 2021)
** John Glenn, American astronaut, U.S. Senator (d. 2016)
** Heinz Bennent, German actor (d. 2011)
** Gerry Mays, Scottish football player, manager (d. 2006)
** Richard Leacock, British-born documentary filmmaker, pioneer of Cinéma Vérité (d. 2011)
* July 19
** Bertil Antonsson, Swedish heavyweight wrestler (d. 2006)
** Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, American physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2011)
* July 24 – Murad Ahmad, Malaysian politician
* July 26
** Valmiki Choudhary, Indian politician (d. 1996)
** Wang Xiji, Chinese aerospace engineer
* July 28
** Melba Hernández, Cuban politician, diplomat (d. 2014)
** Ella Tengbom-Velander, Swedish politician (d. 2022)
* July 29
** Richard Egan (actor), Richard Egan, American actor (d. 1987)
** Gustav Victor Rudolf Born, German-British pharmacologist (d. 2018)
* July 30 – Grant Johannesen, American concert pianist (d. 2005)
* July 31
** Whitney Young, American civil rights leader (d. 1971)
** Mel Hirsch, American basketball player (d. 1968)
** Julieta Pinto, Costa Rican educator and writer (d. 2022)
August
* August 1
** George Büchi, American chemist (d. 1998)
** Jack Kramer, American tennis player and commentator (d. 2009)
* August 2 – Mable Lee, American tap dancer, singer, and entertainer (d. 2019)
* August 3 – Richard Adler, American Broadway composer (d. 2012)
* August 4
** Charles H. Coolidge, American Medal of Honor, Medal of Honour recipient (d. 2021)
** Maurice Richard, Canadian hockey player (d. 2000)
* August 5 – Anita Foss, American baseball player (d. 2015)
* August 8 – Esther Williams, American swimmer, actress (d. 2013)
* August 9
** Ernest Angley, American evangelist, author and station owner (d. 2021)
** Patricia Marmont, American-English actress (d. 2020)
* August 10
** Ion Negoițescu, Romanian literary historian, critic, poet, novelist and memoirist (d. 1993)
** Jack B. Weinstein, American federal judge (d. 2021)
* August 11 – Alex Haley, American author (d. 1992)
* August 13 – Mary Lee (singer), Mary Lee, Scottish singer (d. 2022)
* August 15
** Tom Rice (soldier), Tom M. Rice, American soldier and paratrooper that fought in WWII (d. 2022)
** K. Kailasanatha Kurukkal, Sri Lankan researcher, writer and professor (d. 2000)
* August 17
** Betty Cody, Canadian-born country music singer (d. 2014)
** Geoffrey Elton, born Gottfried Ehrenberg, German-born British political and constitutional historian (d. 1994)
* August 19 – Gene Roddenberry, American television producer (''Star Trek'') (d. 1991)
* August 21
** John Osteen, American televangelist (d. 1999)
** Victor Szebehely, Hungarian-American astronomer (d. 1997)
* August 22 – Lee Loy Seng, Malaysian businessman (d. 1993)
* August 23 – Kenneth Arrow, American economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2017)
* August 24 – Gerald Tanner, Australian rules footballer (d. 2022)
* August 26
** Shimshon Amitsur, Israeli mathematician, Israel Prize recipient (d. 1994)
** Benjamin Bradlee, American journalist, executive editor of ''The Washington Post'' (d. 2014)
* August 27
** Leo Penn, American actor and director (d. 1998)
** Georg Alexander, Duke of Mecklenburg, head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1996)
** Abang Muhammad Salahuddin, 3rd and 6th Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak (d. 2022)
** Babbis Friis-Baastad, Norwegian children's writer (d. 1970)
* August 28
** Nancy Kulp, American actress (d. 1991)
** Lidia Gueiler Tejada, 56th President of Bolivia (d. 2011)
* August 29
** Iris Apfel, American interior designer (d. 2024)
** Arlo Hullinger, American politician (d. 2021)
** Wendell Scott, American race car driver (d. 1990)
** Paddy Roy Bates, British pirate radio broadcaster, founder of the Principality of Sealand (d. 2012)
* August 30 – David Finn, American public relations executive and photographer (d. 2021)
* August 31 – Raymond Williams, Welsh academic, novelist and critic (d. 1988)
September
* September 2 – Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo, 34th President of El Salvador (d. 1973) * September 3 ** Bill Dean, English actor (d. 2000) ** Oonah Shannahan, New Zealand netball player (d. 2022) * September 4 – Paul A. Libby, American professor (d. 2021) * September 5 ** Queen Consort Farida of Egypt (d. 1988) ** Eddy Goldfarb, American toy inventor * September 6 – Andrée Geulen-Herscovici, member of the Comité de Défense des Juifs (d. 2022) * September 7 ** Riccardo Cerutti, Italian rower (d. 1999) ** Antonio Gelabert, Spanish road bicycle racer (d. 1956) ** Ferrante & Teicher, Arthur Ferrante, American pianist (Ferrante & Teicher) (d. 2009) ** Linus Nirmal Gomes, Indian Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2021) ** Kenneth M. Watson, American theoretical physicist and physical oceanographer (d. 2023) * September 8 ** Harry Secombe, Welsh entertainer (d. 2001) ** Dinko Å akić, Croatian concentration camp commander (d. 2008) * September 10 – Hideo Haga, Japanese photographer (d. 2022) * September 11 – George Joseph (insurer), George Joseph, American insurer * September 12 ** StanisÅ‚aw Lem, Polish science fiction writer (d. 2006) ** Bachir Yellès, Algerian painter (d. 2022) * September 13 ** Gunnar Eriksson, Swedish Olympic cross-country skier (d. 1982) ** Cyrille Adoula, Congolese trade unionist and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Zaire (d. 1978) ** Sergey Nepobedimy, Soviet rocket weaponry designer (d. 2014) * September 14 ** A. Jean de Grandpré, Canadian lawyer and businessman (d. 2022) ** Zizinho, Brazilian football player (d. 2002) * September 15 – Joseph Iléo, Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (d. 1994) * September 16 – Earle Parsons, American football player (d. 2014) * September 17 – Virgilio Barco Vargas, 27th President of Colombia (d. 1997) * September 18 ** Nermin Abadan Unat, Turkish lawyer and professor ** Kamal Hassan Aly, Egyptian politician, 43rd Prime Minister of Egypt (d. 1993) ** Johannes W. Rohen, German anatomist (d. 2022) * September 19 – Paulo Freire, Brazilian educator and philosopher (d. 1997) * September 20 – Leon Comber, English author and military officer (d. 2023) * September 21 – Gaylen C. Hansen, American artist * September 22 – Betty Reid Soskin, American park ranger * September 24 ** André Lacroix (pentathlete), André Lacroix, French pentathlete (d. 2016) ** Jim McKay, American sportscaster (d. 2008) ** Charlene Pryer, American professional baseball player (d. 1999) * September 25 ** Robert Muldoon, 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1992) ** Alf Patrick, English footballer (d. 2021) ** Robert C. Prim, American mathematician and computer scientist (d. 2021) * September 27 ** Miklós Jancsó, Hungarian film director (d. 2014) ** John Malcolm Patterson, American politician (d. 2021) * September 28 – Lim Tze Peng, Singaporean artist * September 29 – Grigory Svirsky, Russian-Canadian writer (d. 2016) * September 30 ** Sagramor de Scuvero Brandão (d. 1995) Brazilian actress and radio personality ** Deborah Kerr, Scottish actress (d. 2007) ** Jorge Loring Miró, Spanish Jesuit priest, public speaker and author (d. 2013)October
* October 1 – James Whitmore, American actor (d. 2009)
* October 2 – Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 2000)
* October 3 – Ray Lindwall, Australian cricketer (d. 1996)
* October 4 –Francisco Morales-Bermúdez, President of Peru (d. 2022)
* October 6
** Joseph Lowery, American minister and civil rights activist (d. 2020)
** Joop Sanders, Dutch-born American painter and educator (d. 2023)
* October 7
** Beth Bentley, American poet (d. 2021)
** Richard L. Duchossois, American businessman (d. 2022)
* October 8 – Abraham Sarmiento, Filipino Supreme Court of the Philippines, Supreme Court jurist (d. 2010)
* October 9 – Dot Wilkinson, American softball player (d. 2023)
* October 10 – James Clavell, British novelist (d. 1994)
* October 11
** Manuel Costa (cyclist), Manuel Costa, Spanish road racing cyclist
** Shaw McCutcheon, American cartoonist (d. 2016)
* October 13 – Yves Montand, French singer and actor (d. 1991)
* October 14
** José Arraño Acevedo, Chilean historian (d. 2009)
** Jeffrey G. Smith, American general (d. 2021)
* October 16 – Sita Ram Goel, Indian historian, publisher and author (d. 2003)
* October 17
** Edel Hætta Eriksen, Norwegian schoolteacher and politician (d. 2023)
** Maria Gorokhovskaya, Soviet gymnast (d. 2001)
* October 19 – Gunnar Nordahl, Swedish footballer (d. 1995)
* October 21
** Malcolm Arnold, British music composer (d. 2006)
** Mohammad Mohammadullah, 3rd President of Bangladesh (d. 1999)
** Zorawar Chand Bakhshi, Indian Army General (d. 2018)
** Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld, Dutch astronomer (d. 2015)
** Wu Zhong (general), Wu Zhong, Chinese general (d. 1990)
* October 22 – Georges Brassens, French singer-songwriter (d. 1981)
* October 23
** Denise Duval, French operatic soprano (d. 2016)
** Archie Lamb, English ambassador and writer (d. 2021)
** André Turcat, French aviator, first pilot of Concorde (d. 2016)
** Ä°lhan UsmanbaÅŸ, Turkish composer (d. 2025)
* October 24 – Sena Jurinac, Bosnian operatic soprano (d. 2011)
* October 25 – King Michael I of Romania (d. 2017)
* October 26 – Ted Bassett (executive), Ted Bassett, American executive (d. 2025)
* October 27 – Eugene Chelyshev, Russian indologist and academician (d. 2020)
* October 29 – Santiago Fierro Fierro, Mexican politician and medical doctor (d. 2009)
* Unknown – Cao Keqiang, Chinese diplomat
November
* November 1 – Pavel Èšugui, Romanian communist activist and literary historian (d. 2021)
* November 2 – Wanda Półtawska, Polish physician and author (d. 2023)
* November 3
**Charles Bronson, American actor (d. 2003)
** Shin Kyuk-ho, South Korean businessman and founder of Lotte Corporation (d. 2020)
* November 5
** Princess Fawzia Fuad of Egypt (d. 2013)
** John F. Gonge, American lieutenant general
** Margot Friedländer, Holocaust survivor (d. 2025)
* November 6
** James Jones (author), James Jones, American writer (d. 1977)
** Tomiyama Taeko, Japanese visual artist (d. 2021)
** Enrico Cocozza, Scottish filmmaker (d. 2009)
* November 7 – János Horváth (politician), János Horváth, Hungarian politician (d. 2019)
* November 8
** Walter Mirisch, American film producer (d. 2023)
** Gene Saks, American actor, film director (d. 2015)
** Peter Spoden, German night fighter ace (d. 2021)
* November 13 – Joonas Kokkonen, Finnish composer (d. 1996)
* November 14 – Brian Keith, American actor (d. 1997)
* November 15
** Jimmy Fitzmorris, American politician (d. 2021)
** Alexander Jefferson, American Air Force officer (d. 2022)
* November 17 – Ofelia Guilmáin, Mexican actress (d. 2005)
* November 18 – George Nagobads, American physician (d. 2023)
* November 19
** Michel Bonnevie, French Olympic basketball player (d. 2018)
** Roy Campanella, American baseball player (Brooklyn Dodgers), member of the MLB Hall of Fame (d. 1993)
* November 20 – Allen Dines, American politician (d. 2020)
* November 21 – Billie Mae Richards, Canadian actress, singer (d. 2010)
* November 22 – Rodney Dangerfield, American actor and comedian (d. 2004)
* November 23
** Fred Buscaglione, Italian singer and actor (d. 1960)
** Lois North, American politician
* November 24 – John Lindsay, American lawyer and politician, Mayor of New York City (d. 2000)
* November 25
** Stanley Ho, Hong Kong-Macanese businessman and philanthropist (d. 2020)
** Johnny Johnson (RAF officer), Johnny Johnson, English RAF officer (d. 2022)
* November 26
** Tom Felleghy, Hungarian-born Italian actor (d. 2005)
** Françoise Gilot, French painter, critic and author (d. 2023)
* November 27
** Alexander DubÄek, Slovak politician, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (d. 1992)
** James Kinnier Wilson, English assyriologist (d. 2022)
December
* December 2 – Carlo Furno, Italian cardinal (d. 2015)
* December 3
** Phyllis Curtin, American soprano (d. 2016)
** Sonja Morawetz Sinclair, Canadian journalist, author and cryptographer (d. 2024)
** Madiha Yousri, Egyptian actress (d. 2018)
* December 4
** Deanna Durbin, Canadian singer (d. 2013)
** Sanford K. Moats, American Air Force general (d. 2023)
* December 5 – Arnljot Strømme Svendsen, Norwegian economist and politician (d. 2022)
* December 6 – Otto Graham, American football player (d. 2003)
* December 7 – Eric Blackwood, Canadian-English aviator (d. 2007)
* December 10
** Toh Chin Chye, Singaporean politician (d. 2012)
** Howard Fredeen, Canadian animal breeding researcher (d. 2021)
** Herbert Wahler, German Nazi war criminal (d. 2023)
* December 12 – Ira Neimark, American businessman and author (d. 2019)
* December 13 – Elda Cividino, Italian gymnast (d. 2014)
* December 14
** Simon Towneley, English author (d. 2022)
** Charley Trippi, American football player (d. 2022)
* December 15
** Alan Freed, American disc jockey, known for introducing rock and roll to mainstream radio (d. 1965)
** Nikolai Lebedev (actor), Nikolai Lebedev, Soviet-Russian actor (d. 2022)
* December 17 – Anne Golon, French writer (d. 2017)
* December 18 – Yuri Nikulin, Soviet/Russian actor, clown (d. 1997)
* December 19 – Blaže Koneski, Macedonian poet, linguist (d. 1993)
* December 20
** Ali Kandil, Egyptian football referee
** Gayraud Wilmore, American historian, theologian and educator (d. 2020)
* December 21 – Luigi Creatore, American songwriter, record producer (d. 2015)
* December 22 – Maurice Girardot, French Olympic basketball player (d. 2016)
* December 24
** Bill Dudley, "Bullet" Bill Dudley, National Football League MVP 1946, Pro Football Hall of Fame 1966 (d. 2010)
** Allan Edwards (Australian cricketer), Allan Edwards, Australian cricketer (d. 2019)
** Francisco Pires, Portuguese footballer
* December 26
** Steve Allen, American actor, composer, comedian, and author (d. 2000)
**John Severin, American humorous, war and western cartoonist (''Mad Magazine, Mad Comics'', ''Cracked (magazine), Cracked'') (d. 2012)
* December 28
** E. S. Campbell, American marine and author (d. 2020)
** Philippe de Gaulle, French admiral and senator (d. 2024)
* December 29 – Ronald Ernest Aitchison, Scottish footballer (d. 1996)
* December 30 – Rashid Karami, 8-time prime minister of Lebanon (d. 1987)
* December 31 РMaurice Yam̩ogo, President of Upper Volta (d. 1993)
Deaths
January–February
* January 1 – Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, 5th Chancellor of Germany (German Reich), Chancellor of Germany (b. 1856)
* January 12 – Gervase Elwes, English tenor (b. 1866)
* January 18 – Adolf von Hildebrand, German sculptor (b. 1847)
* January 23 – Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz, German anatomist (b. 1836)
* January 25
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate.
* 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dyn ...
– William Thompson Sedgwick, American teacher, epidemiologist and bacteriologist (b. 1855)
* January 27 РJustiniano Borgo̱o, 37th Prime Minister of Peru (b. 1836)
* January 29 – H. G. Haugan, Norwegian-born American railroad, banking executive (b. 1840)
* February 2
** Andrea Carlo Ferrari, Italian Catholic cardinal and blessed (b. 1850)
** Antonio Jacobsen, American maritime artist (b. 1850)
* February 8
** George Formby Sr, English entertainer (tuberculosis; b. 1876)
** Peter Kropotkin, Russian anarchist (b. 1842)
* February 22 – Ernst Gunther, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1863)
* February 26 – Carl Menger, Austrian economist (b. 1840)
* February 27
Events Pre-1600
* 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity.
* 425 – The University of Constantin ...
– Schofield Haigh, English cricketer (b. 1871)
March–April
*March 1
Events Pre-1600
* 509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor Diocleti ...
– Nicholas I of Montenegro, exiled king (b. 1841)
* March 2 – Champ Clark, American politician (b. 1850)
* March 3 – Auguste Mercier, French general, politician (b. 1833)
* March 8
Events Pre-1600
* 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem '' Shahnameh''.
* 1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León.
* 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between ...
– Eduardo Dato, Spanish politician, 3-time Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1856) (assassinated)
* March 15 – Talaat Pasha, Ottoman Turkish ruler, initiator of the Armenian Genocide (b. 1874) (assassinated)
* March 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York.
* 1244 РOver 200 Cathars who refuse to recant are burnt to death after the Fall of Monts̩gur.
* 1355 – Amidst the Red Turban Rebellions, Han Lin'er, ...
– Abraham Grünbaum (activist), German Jewish activist. (b. 1885)
* March 22 – Edward Theodore Compton, English-German painter and mountain climber (b. 1849)
* March 29 – John Burroughs, American naturalist, essayist (b. 1837)
* April 1 – Sir Edmund Poë, British admiral (b. 1849)
* April 2 – Charles Blackader, British general (b. 1869)
* April 8 – James H. Jones (North Carolina politician), James H. Jones, American coachman and confidential courier for Jefferson Davis and later a North Carolina local public official
* April 11
Events Pre-1600
* 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.
* 1241 РBatu Khan defeats B̩la IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi.
*1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferra ...
– Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, last German Empress, wife of Wilhelm II, German Emperor (b. 1858)
* April 17 – Manwel Dimech, Maltese philosopher, social reformer (b. 1860)
* April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601–1900
* 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
* 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...
– Tony Jackson (pianist), Tony Jackson, American jazz musician (b. 1882)
* April 24 – Warington Baden-Powell, British admiralty lawyer (b. 1847)
* April 29 – Arthur Mold, English cricketer (b. 1863)
May–June
* May 4 – Alfred Hermann Fried, Austrian writer, pacifist and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1864) * May 9 – William Henry Chamberlin (philosopher), William Henry Chamberlin, American philosopher (b. 1870) * May 12 ** Melville Macnaghten, Sir Melville Macnaghten, British police officer (b. 1853) ** Emilia Pardo Bazán, Spanish writer (b. 1851) ** Rudolf Stöger-Steiner von Steinstätten, Austro-Hungarian general and politician (b. 1861) *May 19
Events
Pre-1600
* 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong of Tang, Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace.
* 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected.
* 934 – The Byzantine Empire reconquers Melitene under ...
** Edward Douglass White, 9th Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1845)
** Michael Llewelyn Davies, one of the "Lost Boys" for the Peter Pan book (b. 1900)
* May 25
Events Pre-1600
* 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans.
* 240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes ...
** Émile Combes, French statesman, 69th Prime Minister of France (b. 1835)
** Arthur Wilson (Royal Navy officer), Sir Arthur Wilson, British admiral of the fleet (b. 1842)
* May 29 –Euthymios (Agritellis), Greek Orthodox bishop and saint. (b. 1876)
*May 31
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome.
* 1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by th ...
–June 1
Events Pre-1600
* 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León.
* 1298 – Residents of Riga and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida.
* 1495 – A monk, John Cor, rec ...
– A.C. Jackson (surgeon), A.C. Jackson, African-American surgeon
* June 1
Events Pre-1600
* 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León.
* 1298 – Residents of Riga and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida.
* 1495 – A monk, John Cor, rec ...
– Soeria Atmadja, Sundanese politician and noble, Regent of Sumedang (1851 - 1921) (b. 1851)
* June 5
**Laura Bromwell, American stunt pilot (b. 1897)
**Georges Feydeau, French playwright (b. 1862)
* June 11 – Patriarch Leonid of Georgia (b. 1860)
* June 18
**Eduardo Acevedo DÃaz, Uruguayan writer (b. 1851)
**Abdul Awwal Jaunpuri, Indian Islamic scholar and author (b. 1867)
* June 28 – Gyorche Petrov, Macedonian, Bulgarian revolutionary (b. 1865) (assassinated)
* June 29
**Lady Randolph Churchill, mother of Winston Churchill (b. 1854)
**Otto Seeck, German classical historian (b. 1850)
July–August
* July 1 – Maurice Bailloud, French general (b. 1847)
* July 3 – Prince Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1844)
* July 12 – Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourger-French physicist, academic and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
* July 22 – Manuel Fernández Silvestre, Spanish general (killed in action or suicide) (b. 1871)
* July 26 – Howard Vernon (Australian actor), Howard Vernon, Australian actor (b. 1848)
* August 2 – Enrico Caruso, Italian tenor (b. 1873)
* August 7 – Alexander Blok, Russian poet (b. 1880)
* August 8
** Juhani Aho, Finnish author and journalist (b. 1861)
** Maria Anna Rosa Caiani, Italian Roman Catholic nun and blessed (b. 1863)
* August 16 – Peter I of Serbia, King of Yugoslavia (b. 1844)
* August 26
** Matthias Erzberger, German politician (assassinated; b. 1875)
** Sándor Wekerle, 3-time prime minister of Hungary (b. 1848)
* August 31 – Karl von Bülow, German field marshal (b. 1846)
September–October
* September 7 – Maria Angela Picco, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1867) * September 9 – Virginia Rappe, American model, actress (b. 1891) * September 10 – John Tengo Jabavu, editor of South Africa's first newspaper in Xhosa (b. 1859) * September 11 ** Prince Louis of Battenberg, British naval officer, German prince (b. 1854) ** Subramania Bharati, Tamil poet (b. 1882) * September 22 – Ivan Vazov, Bulgarian poet (b. 1850) * September 27 – Engelbert Humperdinck (composer), Engelbert Humperdinck, German composer (b. 1854) * October 1 – Julius von Hann, Austrian meteorologist (b. 1839) * October 2 – King William II of Württemberg (b. 1848) * October 12 – Philander C. Knox, American politician (b. 1853) * October 15 – Haydar Khan Amo-oghli, Iranian revolutionary (b. 1860) * October 17 – Yaa Asantewaa, Asante warrior queen (b. c. 1840) * October 18 – Ludwig III of Bavaria, last king of Bavaria (b. 1845) * October 21 – William Wallace Wotherspoon, American general (b. 1850) * October 23 – John Boyd Dunlop, British-born Irish inventor, veterinary surgeon (b. 1840) * October 25 – Bat Masterson, American gunfighter (b. 1853) * October 28 – William Speirs Bruce, British marine biologist and antarctic explorer (b. 1867)November–December
* November 4 – Hara Takashi, Japanese politician, 10th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1856) (assassinated) * November 7 – Peter Conover Hains, major general in the United States Army, and veteran of the American Civil War, Spanish–American War, and First World War (b. 1840) * November 12 – Fernand Khnopff, Belgian painter (b. 1858) * November 13 – Ignác Goldziher, Hungarian orientalist (b. 1850) * November 14 – Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil, daughter of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil (b. 1846) *November 22 **Christina Nilsson, Swedish operatic soprano (b. 1843) **Edward J. Adams, American serial/spree killer and bank robber (b.1887) * November 26 ** Émile Cartailhac, French prehistorian (b. 1845) ** Charles W. Whittlesey, United States Army officer, commander of the "Lost Battalion (World War I), Lost Battalion" in World War I (suicide) (b. 1884) * November 27 – Douglas Colin Cameron, Sir Douglas Cameron, Canadian politician, Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba (b. 1854) * November 28 – `Abdu'l-Bahá, head of the Baháʼà Faith (b. 1844) * November 29 – George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen, Canadian businessman (b. 1829) * November 30 ** Madeleine Brès, French physician (b. 1842) ** Hermann Schwarz, German mathematician (b. 1843) * December 10 – George Ashlin, Irish architect (b. 1837) * December 12 – Henrietta Swan Leavitt, American astronomer (b. 1868) * December 16 – Camille Saint-Saëns, French composer (b. 1835) * December 20 **Hans Hartwig von Beseler, German general (b. 1850) **Dmitri Parsky, Russian general (b. 1866) **Julius Richard Petri, German microbiologist (b. 1852) * December 24 – Misu SÅtarÅ, Japanese admiral (b. 1855)Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Albert Einstein * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Frederick Soddy * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – (not awarded) * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Anatole France * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Karl Hjalmar Branting, Christian Lous LangeReferences
Sources
* ''New International Year Book: 1921'' (1922online edition
{{DEFAULTSORT:1921 1921,