1902 Births on:
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*
Events
January
* January 1
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__
Events ...
** The Nurses Registration Act 1901 comes into effect in New Zealand, making it the first country in the world to require state registration of nurse
Nursing is a health care profession that "integrates the art and science of caring and focuses on the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and human functioning; prevention of illness and injury; facilitation of healing; and alle ...
s. On January 10
Events Pre-1600
*49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war.
* 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and th ...
, Ellen Dougherty becomes the world's first registered nurse.
** Nathan Stubblefield demonstrates his wireless telephone device in the U.S. state of Kentucky
Kentucky (, ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north, West Virginia to the ...
.
* January 8
Events Pre-1600
* 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Sima Chi becomes emperor of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Jin dynasty in succession to his brother, Emperor Hui of Jin, Sima Zhong, despite a challenge from his other brother, Sima Ying.
* 871 ...
– A train collision in the New York Central Railroad
The New York Central Railroad was a railroad primarily operating in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The railroad primarily connected New York metropolitan area, gr ...
's Park Avenue Tunnel kills 17 people, injures 38, and leads to increased demand for electric trains and the banning of steam locomotive
A steam locomotive is a locomotive that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of the expansion of steam. It is fuelled by burning combustible material (usually coal, Fuel oil, oil or, rarely, Wood fuel, wood) to heat ...
s in New York City
New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...
.
* January 23
Events Pre-1600
* 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
* 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
* 1229 ...
– Hakkōda Mountains incident: A snowstorm in the Hakkōda Mountains
The are an active volcanic complex in south-central Aomori Prefecture, Japan, in Towada-Hachimantai National Park. Often called or simply , the mountains are collectively listed as one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains. Its highest peak, M ...
of northern Honshu
, historically known as , is the largest of the four main islands of Japan. It lies between the Pacific Ocean (east) and the Sea of Japan (west). It is the list of islands by area, seventh-largest island in the world, and the list of islands by ...
, Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
, kills 199 during a military training exercise.
* January 30
Events Pre-1600
* 1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen.
* 1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom.
1601–1900
* 1607 – An es ...
– The Anglo-Japanese Alliance is signed.
February
*February 12
Events Pre-1600
* 1096 – Pope Urban II confirms the foundation of the abbey of La Roë under Robert of Arbrissel as a community of canons regular.
* 1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sofia performed the first post- ...
– The 1st Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance takes place in Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from Virginia, and shares land borders with ...
.
* February 15
Events Pre-1600
* 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus
* 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia.
* 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Ti ...
– The Berlin U-Bahn
The Berlin U-Bahn (; short for , "underground railway") is a rapid transit system in Berlin, the capital and largest city of Germany, and a major part of the city's public transport system. Together with the Berlin S-Bahn, S-Bahn, a network of ...
underground is opened.
* February 18
Events Pre-1600
* 3102 BC – Kali Yuga, the fourth and final yuga of Hinduism, starts with the death of Krishna.
* 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining J ...
– U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), also known as Teddy or T.R., was the 26th president of the United States, serving from 1901 to 1909. Roosevelt previously was involved in New York (state), New York politics, incl ...
prosecutes the Northern Securities Company for violation of the antitrust Sherman Act.
* February 27
Events Pre-1600
* 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity.
* 425 – The University of Constantin ...
– Australian officers Breaker Morant
Harry Harbord "Breaker" Morant (born Edwin Henry Murrant, 9 December 1864 – 27 February 1902) was an English horseman, bush balladist, military officer, and war criminal who was convicted and executed for murdering nine prisoners-of-war ...
and Peter Handcock
Peter Joseph Handcock (17 February 1868 – 27 February 1902) was an Australian-born veterinary lieutenant and convicted war criminal who served in the Bushveldt Carbineers during the Boer War in South Africa.
After a court martial, Handcock ...
are executed for the murder of Boer prisoners of war near Louis Trichardt.
March
*March 7
Events Pre-1600
* 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius.
* 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cobl ...
– Second Boer War
The Second Boer War (, , 11 October 189931 May 1902), also known as the Boer War, Transvaal War, Anglo–Boer War, or South African War, was a conflict fought between the British Empire and the two Boer republics (the South African Republic and ...
: Battle of Tweebosch – South African Boer
Boers ( ; ; ) are the descendants of the proto Afrikaans-speaking Free Burghers of the eastern Cape frontier in Southern Africa during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. From 1652 to 1795, the Dutch East India Company controlled the Dutch ...
s win their last battle over the British Army
The British Army is the principal Army, land warfare force of the United Kingdom. the British Army comprises 73,847 regular full-time personnel, 4,127 Brigade of Gurkhas, Gurkhas, 25,742 Army Reserve (United Kingdom), volunteer reserve perso ...
, with the capture of a British general and 200 of his men.
* March 8
Events Pre-1600
* 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem '' Shahnameh''.
* 1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León.
* 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between ...
– Jean Sibelius
Jean Sibelius (; ; born Johan Julius Christian Sibelius; 8 December 186520 September 1957) was a Finnish composer of the late Romantic music, Romantic and 20th-century classical music, early modern periods. He is widely regarded as his countr ...
's Symphony No. 2 is premiered in Helsinki
Helsinki () is the Capital city, capital and most populous List of cities and towns in Finland, city in Finland. It is on the shore of the Gulf of Finland and is the seat of southern Finland's Uusimaa region. About people live in the municipali ...
.
* March 10
Events Pre-1600
* 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end.
* 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes ...
** Clashes between police and Georgian workers led by Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Dzhugashvili; 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, his death in 1953. He held power as General Secret ...
leave 15 dead, 54 wounded, and 500 in prison.
** A Circuit Court decision in the United States ends Thomas Edison
Thomas Alva Edison (February11, 1847October18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures. These inventions, ...
's monopoly on 35 mm movie film
35 mm film is a film gauge used in filmmaking, and the film standard. In motion pictures that record on film, 35 mm is the most commonly used gauge. The name of the gauge is not a direct measurement, and refers to the nominal width of the ...
technology.
* March 15
Events Pre-1600
* 474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years truce.
* 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar, the dictator of the Roman R ...
– The Pattani Sultanate is abolished by the Siamese authority after the last sultan of Pattani refused new administrative reforms by the Siamese.
April
*April 2
Events Pre-1600
* 1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St ...
– The Electric Theatre, the first movie theater
A movie theater (American English) or cinema (English in the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth English), also known as a movie house, cinema hall, picture house, picture theater, the movies, the pictures, or simply theater, is a business ...
in the United States, opens in Los Angeles
Los Angeles, often referred to by its initials L.A., is the List of municipalities in California, most populous city in the U.S. state of California, and the commercial, Financial District, Los Angeles, financial, and Culture of Los Angeles, ...
.
* April 11
Events Pre-1600
* 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.
* 1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi.
*1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferra ...
– Tenor Enrico Caruso
Enrico Caruso (, , ; 25 February 1873 – 2 August 1921) was an Italian operatic first lyric tenor then dramatic tenor. He sang to great acclaim at the major opera houses of Europe and the Americas, appearing in a wide variety of roles that r ...
makes the first million-selling recording, for the Gramophone Company
The Gramophone Company Limited was a British phonograph manufacturer and record label, founded in April 1898 by Emil Berliner. It was one of the earliest record labels.
The company purchased the His Master's Voice painting and trademark righ ...
in Milan
Milan ( , , ; ) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, the largest city in Italy by urban area and the List of cities in Italy, second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of nea ...
.
* April 13
Events Pre-1600
* 1111 – Henry V, King of Germany, is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
* 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire.
* 1455 – Thirteen Years' War: ...
– A new land speed record of is set in Nice
Nice ( ; ) is a city in and the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in France. The Nice agglomeration extends far beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of nearly one millionLéon Serpollet driving a steam car.
*
* October 16 – The first Borstal (youth offenders' institution) opens in
* January 4 – John A. McCone, American politician, 6th Director of Central Intelligence (d. 1991)
*
*
* May 2 – Brian Aherne, English actor (d. 1986)
* May 3 – Alfred Kastler, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize (d. 1984)
* May 6 – Max Ophüls, German film director (d. 1957)
*
* June 1 – C. Wade McClusky, United States Navy admiral (d. 1976)
* June 8 – James Stillman Rockefeller, American Olympic rower and banker (d. 2004)
* June 9 – Skip James, American Delta blues singer, songwriter, and musician (d. 1969)
*
* September 5 – Darryl F. Zanuck, American film producer and studio executive (d. 1979)
* September 6 – Sylvanus Olympio, Togolese politician, 1st President of Togo (assassinated) (d. 1963)
* September 9 – Roberto Noble, Argentine politician, journalist and publisher (d. 1969)
* September 12 – Juscelino Kubitschek, 21st President of Brazil (d. 1976)
* September 21
** Luis Cernuda, Spanish poet (d. 1963)
** Ilmari Salminen, Finnish athlete (d. 1986)
* September 22 – John Houseman, Romanian-born actor, producer (d. 1988)
* September 23 – Ion Gheorghe Maurer, Romanian lawyer and politician, 49th Prime Minister of Romania (d. 2000)
* September 24 – Ruhollah Khomeini, Iranian Shia cleric, 1st Supreme Leader of Iran (d. 1989)
* September 26 – Albert Anastasia, Italian-born American gangster (d. 1957)
* October 2 – Leopold Figl, 14th Chancellor of Austria (d. 1965)
* October 5
** Larry Fine, American actor and comedian (''The Three Stooges'') (d. 1975)
** Ray Kroc, American fast food entrepreneur (''McDonald's'') (d. 1984)
* October 18
** Miriam Hopkins, American actress (d. 1972)
** Pascual Jordan, German physicist (d. 1980)
* October 25
** Carlo Gnocchi, Italian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (d. 1956)
** Eddie Lang, American jazz guitarist (d. 1933)
* October 26 – Jack Sharkey, Lithuanian-born American heavyweight boxing champion (d. 1994)
* October 28 – Elsa Lanchester, British-American actress (d. 1986)
* October 31 – Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Brazilian poet (d. 1987)
* November 1 – Eugen Jochum, German conductor (d. 1987)
* November 2
** Princess Mafalda of Savoy (d. 1944)
** Prince Rostislav Alexandrovich of Russia (d. 1978)
* November 9 – Anthony Asquith, British film director (d. 1968)
* November 17 – Eugene Wigner, Hungarian physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
* November 21 – Mikhail Suslov, Soviet politician (d. 1982)
* November 22 – Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, French general (d. 1947)
* November 23 – Victor Jory, Canadian actor (d. 1982)
* November 30 – Hussein ibn Nasser, 8th Prime Minister of Jordan (d. 1982)
* January 5 – Martis Karin Ersdotter, Swedish businesswoman (born 1829)
* January 11 – Johnny Briggs (cricketer), Johnny Briggs, English cricketer (b. 1862)
*
* July 4 – Swami Vivekananda, Indian religious leader (b. 1863)
* July 6 – Maria Goretti, Italian Roman Catholic virgin, martyr and saint (b. 1890)
* July 16 – Henry Dunning Macleod, Scottish economist (b. 1821)
* July 18 – Saigō Jūdō, Japanese general, admiral, and politician (b. 1843)
* July 27 – Gustave Trouvé, French electrical engineer and inventor (b. 1839)
* August 8 – James Tissot, French artist (b. 1836)
* August 31 – Mathilde Wesendonck, German poet (b. 1828)
* September 5 – Rudolf Virchow, German scientist, politician (b. 1821)
* September 6
** Sir Frederick Abel, British chemist (b. 1827)
** Hammerton Killick, Haitian admiral (b. 1856)
** Winfield Scott Stratton, American mining prospector and philanthropist (b. 1848)
* September 7 – William N. Roach, American politician and member of the United States Senate from 1893 to 1899 (b. 1840)
* September 15 – Horace Gray, American jurist (b. 1828)
* September 18 – Thorborg Rappe, Swedish social reformer (b. 1832)
* September 19 – Masaoka Shiki, Japanese haiku poet (b. 1867)
* September 23 – John Wesley Powell, American explorer (b. 1834)
* September 26 – Levi Strauss, German-born American inventor of Levi's Jeans (b. 1829)
* September 28 – John Marks Moore, American politician (b. 1853)
* September 29
** William McGonagall, Scottish doggerel poet (b. 1825)
** Émile Zola, French author (b. 1840)
* September 30 – James Edward Jouett, American admiral (b. 1826)
* October 6
** John Hall Gladstone, British chemist (b. 1827)
** Liu Kunyi, Chinese general (b. 1830)
* October 25 – Frank Norris, American novelist (b. 1870)
* October 26 – Elizabeth Cady Stanton, American activist (b. 1815)
* November 4 – Hale Johnson, American politician (b. 1847)
* November 17 – Hugh Price Hughes, Welsh social reformer (b. 1847)
* November 22
** Friedrich Alfred Krupp, German industrialist (b. 1854)
** Walter Reed, American army physician (b. 1851)
* December 2 – Count Richard Belcredi, former Prime minister of the Austrian Empire (b. 1823)
* December 3
** Prudente de Morais, 3rd President of Brazil (b. 1841)
** Robert Lawson (architect), Robert Lawson, New Zealand architect (b. 1833)
* December 4 – Charles Dow, American journalist, co-founder of Dow Jones & Company (b. 1851)
* December 5 – Johannes Wislicenus, German chemist (b. 1835)
* December 6 – Alice Freeman Palmer, American educator (b. 1855)
* December 7 – Thomas Nast, American caricaturist, cartoonist (b. 1840)Bryant, Edward. "Nast, Thomas". In ''Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online''. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
* December 11 – Mary Mathews Adams, Irish-born American philanthropist (b. 1840)
* December 14 – Julia Grant, First Lady of the United States (b. 1826)
* December 22 – Richard von Krafft-Ebing, German sexologist (b. 1840)
* December 23 – Frederick Temple, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1821)
online
*
''1902 Annual Cyclopedia'' (1903) online
highly detailed coverage of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry" for 1902; massive compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage; 865pp * Wall, Edgar G. ed. ''The British Empire yearbook'' (1903), 1276pp; covers 190
online
* Gilbert, Martin. ''A History of the Twentieth Century: vol. 1 1900-1933'' (1997) pp 55–68; global coverage of politics, diplomacy and warfare. {{DEFAULTSORT:1902 1902,
April 19
Events Pre-1600
*AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Pisonian conspiracy, Piso's plot to kill the Roman emperor, Emperor Nero and all of the List of conspiracies (political), conspirators are arrested.
* 531 – Battle of Callini ...
– The 7.5 Guatemala earthquake shakes Guatemala
Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico, to the northeast by Belize, to the east by Honduras, and to the southeast by El Salvador. It is hydrologically b ...
with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (''Severe''), killing between 800 and 2,000.
May
* May 7 – La Soufrière volcano on the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent erupts, devastating the northern portion of the island and killing 2,000 people *May 8
Events Pre-1600
* 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin.
* 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...
– Mount Pelée
Mount Pelée or Mont Pelée ( ; , ; ), meaning "bald mountain" or "peeled mountain" in French, is an active volcano at the northern end of Martinique, an island and French overseas department in the Lesser Antilles Volcanic Arc of the Caribbean ...
in Martinique
Martinique ( ; or ; Kalinago language, Kalinago: or ) is an island in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, in the eastern Caribbean Sea. It was previously known as Iguanacaera which translates to iguana island in Carib language, Kariʼn ...
erupts, destroying the town of Saint-Pierre and killing over 30,000.
* May 13
Events Pre-1600
* 1344 – A Latin Christian fleet defeats a Turkish fleet in the battle of Pallene during the Smyrniote crusades.
*1373 – Julian of Norwich has visions of Jesus while suffering from a life-threatening illness, v ...
– Alfonso XIII of Spain begins his reign.
* May 20
Events Pre-1600
* 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church.
* 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose h ...
– Cuba
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...
gains independence from the United States.
* May 22
Events Pre-1600
* 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu.
* 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt.
...
– The White Star Line
The White Star Line was a British shipping line. Founded out of the remains of a defunct Packet trade, packet company, it gradually grew to become one of the most prominent shipping companies in the world, providing passenger and cargo service ...
r SS ''Ionic'' is launched by Harland and Wolff
Harland & Wolff Holdings plc is a British shipbuilding and Metal fabrication, fabrication company headquartered in London with sites in Belfast, Arnish yard, Arnish, Appledore, Torridge, Appledore and Methil. It specialises in ship repair, ship ...
in Belfast
Belfast (, , , ; from ) is the capital city and principal port of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan and connected to the open sea through Belfast Lough and the North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland), North Channel ...
.
* May 29
Events Pre-1600
* 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city.
* 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops unde ...
– The London School of Economics
The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), established in 1895, is a public research university in London, England, and a member institution of the University of London. The school specialises in the social sciences. Founded ...
is opened by Lord Rosebery.
* May 31
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome.
* 1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by th ...
– The Treaty of Vereeniging
The Treaty of Vereeniging was a peace treaty, signed on 31 May 1902, that ended the Second Boer War between the South African Republic and the Orange Free State on the one side, and the United Kingdom on the other.
This settlement provided ...
ends the Second Boer War
The Second Boer War (, , 11 October 189931 May 1902), also known as the Boer War, Transvaal War, Anglo–Boer War, or South African War, was a conflict fought between the British Empire and the two Boer republics (the South African Republic and ...
.
June
*June 13
Events Pre-1600
* 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia.
* 1325 – Ibn ...
– Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, predecessor of global consumer goods brand 3M, begins trading as a mining venture at Two Harbors in the United States.
* June 15
Events Pre-1600
* 763 BC – Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history.
* 844 – Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II.
* 923 – Battle of So ...
– The New York Central Railroad
The New York Central Railroad was a railroad primarily operating in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The railroad primarily connected New York metropolitan area, gr ...
inaugurates the '' 20th Century Limited'' passenger train between Chicago and New York City.
* June 16
Events Pre-1600
* 632 – Yazdegerd III ascends the throne as king (''shah'') of the Persian Empire. He becomes the last ruler of the Sasanian dynasty (modern Iran).
*1407 – Ming–Hồ War: Retired King Hồ Quý Ly and his son K ...
– The Commonwealth Franchise Act in Australia grants women's suffrage
Women's suffrage is the women's rights, right of women to Suffrage, vote in elections. Several instances occurred in recent centuries where women were selectively given, then stripped of, the right to vote. In Sweden, conditional women's suffra ...
in federal elections for resident British subjects (with certain ethnic minorities excepted), making Australia the first independent country to grant women the vote at a national level, and the first country to allow them to stand for Parliament.
* June 26
Events Pre-1600
*4 AD, 4 – Augustus adopts Tiberius.
* 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar (title), Caesar.
* 363 – Roman emperor Julian (emperor), J ...
– Edward VII
Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 22 January 1901 until Death and state funeral of Edward VII, his death in 1910.
The second child ...
institutes the Order of Merit
The Order of Merit () is an order of merit for the Commonwealth realms, recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or the promotion of culture. Established in 1902 by Edward VII, admission into the order r ...
, an order bestowed personally by the British monarch on up to 24 distinguished Empire recipients.
July
* July 2 –Philippine–American War
The Philippine–American War, known alternatively as the Philippine Insurrection, Filipino–American War, or Tagalog Insurgency, emerged following the conclusion of the Spanish–American War in December 1898 when the United States annexed th ...
ends.
* July 5
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – The official opening of Constantine's Bridge built over the Danube between Sucidava ( Corabia, Romania) and Oescus ( Gigen, Bulgaria) by the Roman architect Theophilus Patricius.
* 1316 – The Burgundian ...
– Erik Gustaf Boström returns as Prime Minister of Sweden
The prime minister of Sweden (, "minister of state") is the head of government of the Sweden, Kingdom of Sweden. The prime minister and their cabinet (the government) exercise executive authority in the Kingdom of Sweden and are subject to th ...
.
* July 8
Events Pre-1600
* 1099 – Some 15,000 starving Christian soldiers begin the siege of Jerusalem by marching in a religious procession around the city as its Muslim defenders watch.
* 1167 – The Byzantines defeat the Hungarian army ...
– The United States Bureau of Reclamation
The Bureau of Reclamation, formerly the United States Reclamation Service, is a federal agency under the U.S. Department of the Interior, which oversees water resource management, specifically as it applies to the oversight and operatio ...
is established within the U.S. Geological Survey.
* July 10 – The Rolling Mill Mine disaster in Johnstown, Pennsylvania
Johnstown is the largest city in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 18,411 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. Located east of Pittsburgh, it is the principal city of the Metropolitan statistical area ...
, kills 112 miners.
* July 11
Events Pre-1600
* 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abdicates in favor of his general Leo the Armenian, and becomes a monk (under the name Athanasius).
* 911 – Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair ...
– Lord Salisbury
Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (; 3 February 183022 August 1903), known as Lord Salisbury, was a British statesman and Conservative Party (UK), Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United ...
retires as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister Advice (constitutional law), advises the Monarchy of the United Kingdom, sovereign on the exercise of much of the Royal prerogative ...
.
* July 14
** Agustín Lizárraga
Agustín Lizárraga Ruiz ( 12 June 1865 – 11 February 1912) was a Peruvian explorer and farmer who discovered Machu Picchu on 14 July 1902, nine years prior to American explorer Hiram Bingham.
Biography
Early life
He was born in M ...
discovers Machu Picchu, the "Lost City of the Inca
The Inca Empire, officially known as the Realm of the Four Parts (, ), was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political, and military center of the empire was in the city of Cusco. The History of the Incas, Inca ...
s".
** St Mark's Campanile
St Mark's Campanile (, ) is the bell tower of St Mark's Basilica in Venice, Italy. The campanile is a reconstruction completed in 1912, the previous tower having collapsed in 1902. At in height, it is the tallest structure in Venice and is collo ...
in Venice
Venice ( ; ; , formerly ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 islands that are separated by expanses of open water and by canals; portions of the city are li ...
collapses.
* July 21 – Fluminense Football Club
Fluminense Football Club () is a Brazilian sports club based in the neighbourhood of Laranjeiras, in Rio de Janeiro, being the oldest Association football, football club in the state since its foundation in 1902. It competes in the Campeonato B ...
is founded in Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of Rio de Janeiro. It is the List of cities in Brazil by population, second-most-populous city in Brazil (after São Paulo) and the Largest cities in the America ...
.
August
*August 1
Events Pre-1600
* 30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic.
*AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt u ...
– 100 miners die in a pit explosion in Wollongong
Wollongong ( ; Dharawal: ''Woolyungah'') is a city located in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. The name is believed to originate from the Dharawal language, meaning either 'five islands/clouds', 'ground near water' or 'sound ...
, Australia.
* August 9 – Coronation of Edward VII as King of the United Kingdom
The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the form of government used by the United Kingdom by which a hereditary monarch reigns as the head of state, with their powers Constitutional monarchy, regula ...
and the British Dominion
A dominion was any of several largely self-governance, self-governing countries of the British Empire, once known collectively as the ''British Commonwealth of Nations''. Progressing from colonies, their degrees of self-governing colony, colon ...
s, Emperor of India
Emperor (or Empress) of India was a title used by British monarchs from 1 May 1876 (with the Royal Titles Act 1876) to 22 June 1948 Royal Proclamation of 22 June 1948, made in accordance with thIndian Independence Act 1947, 10 & 11 GEO. 6. CH ...
at Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an Anglican church in the City of Westminster, London, England. Since 1066, it has been the location of the coronations of 40 English and British m ...
in London.
* August 22
** Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), also known as Teddy or T.R., was the 26th president of the United States, serving from 1901 to 1909. Roosevelt previously was involved in New York (state), New York politics, incl ...
becomes the first American President to ride in an automobile, a Columbia Electric Victoria through Hartford, Connecticut
Hartford is the List of capitals in the United States, capital city of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The city, located in Hartford County, Connecticut, Hartford County, had a population of 121,054 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 ce ...
.
** A 7.7 earthquake shakes the border between China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
and Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir Mountains, Pamir mountain ranges. Bishkek is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Kyrgyzstan, largest city. Kyrgyz ...
killing 10,000 people.
* August 24
Events Pre-1600
* 367 – Gratian, son of Roman Emperor Valentinian I, is named co-Augustus at the age of eight by his father.
* 394 – The Graffito of Esmet-Akhom, the latest known inscription in Egyptian hieroglyphs, is written ...
– A statue of Joan of Arc
Joan of Arc ( ; ; – 30 May 1431) is a patron saint of France, honored as a defender of the French nation for her role in the siege of Orléans and her insistence on the Coronation of the French monarch, coronation of Charles VII o ...
is unveiled in Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier, the French town which she stormed in 1429.
* August 30 – Mount Pelée again erupts in Martinique, destroying the town of Le Morne-Rouge and causing 1,000 deaths.
September
* September 1 – The firstscience fiction film
Science fiction (or sci-fi) is a film genre that uses Speculative fiction, speculative, fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that are not fully accepted by mainstream science, such as Extraterrestrial life in fiction, extraterrestria ...
, the silent ''A Trip to the Moon
''A Trip to the Moon'' ( , ) is a 1902 French science-fiction adventure trick film written, directed, and produced by Georges Méliès. Inspired by the Jules Verne novel ''From the Earth to the Moon'' (1865) and its sequel '' Around the Moon ...
'' (''Le Voyage dans La Lune''), is premièred at the Théâtre Robert-Houdin in Paris, France, by actor/producer Georges Méliès
Marie-Georges-Jean Méliès ( , ; 8 December 1861 – 21 January 1938) was a French magic (illusion), magician, toymaker, actor, and filmmaker. He led many technical and narrative developments in the early days of film, cinema, primarily in th ...
, and proves an immediate success.
* September 19 – Shiloh Baptist Church stampede: 115 people are killed in a crush at a black church in Birmingham, Alabama
Birmingham ( ) is a city in the north central region of Alabama, United States. It is the county seat of Jefferson County, Alabama, Jefferson County. The population was 200,733 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making it the List ...
, following a mistaken alarm of fire after an address by Booker T. Washington.
October
* October 16 – The first Borstal (youth offenders' institution) opens in Borstal, Kent
Borstal is a location in the Medway unitary authority of Kent in South East England. Originally a village near Rochester, it has become absorbed by the expansion of that town. The youth prison at Borstal gave its name to the Borstal reform sc ...
, U.K.
* October 21
Events Pre-1600
*1096 – A Seljuk Turkish army successfully fights off the People's Crusade at the Battle of Civetot.
* 1097 – First Crusade: Crusaders led by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemund of Taranto, and Raymond IV, Count of Toul ...
– A five-month strike by the United Mine Workers
The United Mine Workers of America (UMW or UMWA) is a North American Labor history of the United States, labor union best known for representing coal miners. Today, the Union also represents health care workers, truck drivers, manufacturing work ...
in the United States ends.
* October 24
Events Pre-1600
*AD 69 – In the Second Battle of Bedriacum, troops loyal to Vespasian defeat those of Emperor Vitellius.
* 1260 – Chartres Cathedral is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France.
* 1260 – Afte ...
– One of the largest volcanic eruptions of the 20th century occurs at Santa María in Guatemala; over 6,000 people die.
November
*November 15
Events Pre-1600
* 655 – Battle of the Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria.
* 1315 – Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy: The Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft ambushes the army of Leopold I in the Battle ...
** King Leopold II of Belgium survives an attempted assassination in Brussels by Italian anarchist Gennaro Rubino.
** The Hanoi exhibition opens in French Indochina.
* November 16 – A newspaper cartoon depicting U.S. President "Teddy" Roosevelt refusing to shoot a bear cub inspires creation of the first teddy bear by Morris Michtom in New York City.
* November 30 – On the American frontier, the second-in-command of Butch Cassidy's Wild Bunch, Harvey Logan ("Kid Curry"), is captured after a shootout with lawmen in Knoxville, Tennessee. He is sentenced to a $5,000 fine and 20 years hard labor for robbery but escapes custody in 1903.
December
* December–February 1903 – Venezuelan crisis of 1902–03, Venezuelan crisis: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Britain, German Empire, Germany and Kingdom of Italy, Italy sustain a naval blockade on Venezuela, in order to enforce collection of outstanding financial claims. This prompts the development of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. * December 10 – The first Aswan Low Dam, Aswan Dam on the Nile is completed. * December 17 – The Commercial Telegraph Agency (TTA, Torgovo-Telegrafnue Agenstvo), predecessor of TASS, is officially established under the Ministry of Finance at Saint Petersburg in the Russian Empire. * December 30 – Discovery Expedition, ''Discovery'' Expedition: British explorers Robert Falcon Scott, Scott, Ernest Shackleton, Shackleton and Edward Adrian Wilson, Wilson reach the furthest southern point reached thus far by man, south of 82°S.Date unknown
* The capital of French Indochina is moved from Saigon (in Cochinchina) to Hanoi (Tonkin). * Construction of the Paul Doumer Bridge, linking both sections of Hanoi, is completed. * The first Korean Empire passports are issued to assist Korean immigration to Hawaii. * De'Longhi home appliance brand is founded in Treviso, Italy. * Daniels Linseed, predecessor of Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), a global livestock, commodities trade, trading, Food processing, food processing brand, is founded in Minnesota, United States.Births
January
* January 4 – John A. McCone, American politician, 6th Director of Central Intelligence (d. 1991)
* January 8
Events Pre-1600
* 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Sima Chi becomes emperor of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Jin dynasty in succession to his brother, Emperor Hui of Jin, Sima Zhong, despite a challenge from his other brother, Sima Ying.
* 871 ...
– Georgy Malenkov, Soviet politician (d. 1988)
* January 9
** Sir Rudolf Bing, Austrian-born British opera manager (d. 1997)
** Josemaría Escrivá, Spanish Roman Catholic priest and saint (d. 1975)
* January 11
** Maurice Duruflé, French composer (d. 1986)
** Evelyn Dove, British singer and actress (d. 1987)
* January 15
** Nâzım Hikmet, Turkish poet and director (d. 1963)
** King Saud of Saudi Arabia (d. 1969)
* January 16 – Eric Liddell, Scottish runner (d. 1945)
* January 20
** Kevin Barry, Irish republican (d. 1920)
** Leon Ames, American actor (d. 1993)
* January 22 – Daniel Kinsey, American hurdler (d. 1970)
* January 25 – André Beaufre, French general (d. 1975)
* January 26 – Menno ter Braak, Dutch author, polemicist (d. 1940)
* January 31
** Tallulah Bankhead, American actress (d. 1968)
** Alva Myrdal, Swedish politician, diplomat, and writer, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1986)
February
* February 4 ** Charles Lindbergh, American aviator (d. 1974) ** Hartley Shawcross, British barrister and politician (d. 2003) * February 8 – Demchugdongrub, Mongolian politician (d. 1966) * February 9 ** Blanche Calloway, American jazz singer (d. 1978) ** Léon M'ba, 1st President of Gabon (d. 1967) * February 10 – Walter Houser Brattain, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987) * February 11 – Arne Jacobsen, Danish architect, designer (d. 1971) *February 12
Events Pre-1600
* 1096 – Pope Urban II confirms the foundation of the abbey of La Roë under Robert of Arbrissel as a community of canons regular.
* 1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sofia performed the first post- ...
– William Collier Jr., American actor (d. 1987)
* February 14 – Thelma Ritter, American actress (d. 1969)
* February 19 – Kay Boyle, American writer (d. 1992)
* February 20 – Ansel Adams, American photographer (d. 1984)
* February 22 – Herma Szabo, Austrian figure skater (d. 1986)
* February 27
Events Pre-1600
* 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity.
* 425 – The University of Constantin ...
** Gene Sarazen, American golfer (d. 1999)
** John Steinbeck, American writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1968)
March
* March 7
Events Pre-1600
* 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius.
* 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cobl ...
– Heinz Rühmann, German actor (d. 1994)
* March 9 – Will Geer, American actor (d. 1978)
* March 13 – Mohammed Abdel Wahab, Egyptian singer (d. 1991)
* March 17 – Bobby Jones (golfer), Bobby Jones, American golfer (d. 1971)
* March 19 – Fuad Chehab, 8th President of Lebanon (d. 1973)
* March 21 – Son House, American musician (d. 1988)
* March 24 – Thomas E. Dewey, American politician (d. 1971)
* March 27 – Betty Balfour, English screen actress (d. 1977)
* March 28 – Dame Flora Robson, English actress (d. 1984)
* March 29
** Marcel Aymé, French writer (d. 1967)
** William Walton, English composer (d. 1983)
* March 30 – Brooke Astor, American socialite, philanthropist (d. 2007)
April
*April 2
Events Pre-1600
* 1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St ...
– Jan Tschichold, German typographer (d. 1974)
* April 4
** Louise Lévêque de Vilmorin, French author (d. 1969)
** Stanley G. Weinbaum, American science-fiction author (d. 1935)
* April 8
** Andrew Irvine (mountaineer), Andrew Irvine, British mountaineer (d. 1924)
** Josef Krips, Austrian conductor, violinist (d. 1974)
* April 12 – Louis Beel, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1977)
* April 14 – Yakov Smushkevich, Soviet Air Force general (d. 1941)
* April 18 – Giuseppe Pella, Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1981)
* April 20 – Sir Donald Wolfit, English actor (d. 1968)
* April 23 – Halldór Laxness, Icelandic writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
* April 30 – Theodore Schultz, American economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
May
* May 2 – Brian Aherne, English actor (d. 1986)
* May 3 – Alfred Kastler, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize (d. 1984)
* May 6 – Max Ophüls, German film director (d. 1957)
* May 8
Events Pre-1600
* 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin.
* 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...
– André Michel Lwoff, French microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)
* May 10
** Anatole Litvak, Ukrainian-born film director (d. 1974)
** David O. Selznick, American film producer (d. 1965)
* May 15 – Richard J. Daley, American politician, 48th Mayor of Chicago (d. 1976)
* May 18 – Meredith Willson, American composer (d. 1984)
* May 21
** Marcel Breuer, Hungarian-born American architect (d. 1981)
**Leonidas Zervas, Greek organic chemist (d. 1980)
* May 22
Events Pre-1600
* 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu.
* 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt.
...
– Al Simmons, American baseball player (d. 1956)
June
* June 1 – C. Wade McClusky, United States Navy admiral (d. 1976)
* June 8 – James Stillman Rockefeller, American Olympic rower and banker (d. 2004)
* June 9 – Skip James, American Delta blues singer, songwriter, and musician (d. 1969)
* June 16
Events Pre-1600
* 632 – Yazdegerd III ascends the throne as king (''shah'') of the Persian Empire. He becomes the last ruler of the Sasanian dynasty (modern Iran).
*1407 – Ming–Hồ War: Retired King Hồ Quý Ly and his son K ...
– Barbara McClintock, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1992)
* June 17 – F. F. E. Yeo-Thomas, English World War II hero (d. 1964)
* June 22 – Henri Deglane, French wrestler (d. 1975)
* June 25 – Yasuhito, Prince Chichibu, Japanese prince (d. 1953)
* June 26
Events Pre-1600
*4 AD, 4 – Augustus adopts Tiberius.
* 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar (title), Caesar.
* 363 – Roman emperor Julian (emperor), J ...
– Hugues Cuénod, Swiss tenor (d. 2010)
* June 28 – Richard Rodgers, American composer (d. 1979)
July
* July 1 – William Wyler, German-born American film director (d. 1981) * July 4 ** Meyer Lansky, Russian-born American mobster (d. 1983) ** George Murphy, American dancer, actor and politician (d. 1992) *July 8
Events Pre-1600
* 1099 – Some 15,000 starving Christian soldiers begin the siege of Jerusalem by marching in a religious procession around the city as its Muslim defenders watch.
* 1167 – The Byzantines defeat the Hungarian army ...
– Gwendolyn B. Bennett, American writer (d. 1981)
* July 10
** Kurt Alder, German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
** Nicolás Guillén, Cuban poet, journalist, political activist and writer (d. 1989)
* July 16 – Alexander Luria, Russian neuropsychologist (d. 1977)
* July 18 – Chill Wills, American actor, singer (d. 1978)
* July 28
** Albert Namatjira, Australian painter (d. 1959)
** Karl Popper, Austrian-born British philosopher (d. 1994)
* July 31 – Gubby Allen, Australian-born English cricketer, cricket administrator (d. 1989)
August
* August 2 – Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria, Egyptian Coptic Orthodox patriarch (d. 1971) * August 7 – Ann Harding, American actress (d. 1981) * August 8 – Paul Dirac, English physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1984) * August 10 – Arne Tiselius, Swedish chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971) * August 11 ** Alfredo Binda, Italian cyclist (d. 1986) ** Lloyd Nolan, American film, television actor (d. 1985) ** Norma Shearer, Canadian actress (d. 1983) * August 12 – Mohammad Hatta, 1st Vice President of Indonesia (d. 1980) * August 13 – Felix Wankel, German mechanical engineer (d. 1988) * August 16 – Georgette Heyer, British writer (d. 1974) * August 19 ** Ogden Nash, American poet (d. 1971) ** J. B. L. Reyes, Filipino jurist (d. 1994) * August 22 – Leni Riefenstahl, German film director (d. 2003) *August 24
Events Pre-1600
* 367 – Gratian, son of Roman Emperor Valentinian I, is named co-Augustus at the age of eight by his father.
* 394 – The Graffito of Esmet-Akhom, the latest known inscription in Egyptian hieroglyphs, is written ...
– Carlo Gambino, Italian-born American gangster (d. 1976)
* August 25 – Stefan Wolpe, German-born American composer (d. 1972)
September
* September 5 – Darryl F. Zanuck, American film producer and studio executive (d. 1979)
* September 6 – Sylvanus Olympio, Togolese politician, 1st President of Togo (assassinated) (d. 1963)
* September 9 – Roberto Noble, Argentine politician, journalist and publisher (d. 1969)
* September 12 – Juscelino Kubitschek, 21st President of Brazil (d. 1976)
* September 21
** Luis Cernuda, Spanish poet (d. 1963)
** Ilmari Salminen, Finnish athlete (d. 1986)
* September 22 – John Houseman, Romanian-born actor, producer (d. 1988)
* September 23 – Ion Gheorghe Maurer, Romanian lawyer and politician, 49th Prime Minister of Romania (d. 2000)
* September 24 – Ruhollah Khomeini, Iranian Shia cleric, 1st Supreme Leader of Iran (d. 1989)
* September 26 – Albert Anastasia, Italian-born American gangster (d. 1957)
October
* October 2 – Leopold Figl, 14th Chancellor of Austria (d. 1965)
* October 5
** Larry Fine, American actor and comedian (''The Three Stooges'') (d. 1975)
** Ray Kroc, American fast food entrepreneur (''McDonald's'') (d. 1984)
* October 18
** Miriam Hopkins, American actress (d. 1972)
** Pascual Jordan, German physicist (d. 1980)
* October 25
** Carlo Gnocchi, Italian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (d. 1956)
** Eddie Lang, American jazz guitarist (d. 1933)
* October 26 – Jack Sharkey, Lithuanian-born American heavyweight boxing champion (d. 1994)
* October 28 – Elsa Lanchester, British-American actress (d. 1986)
* October 31 – Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Brazilian poet (d. 1987)
November
* November 1 – Eugen Jochum, German conductor (d. 1987)
* November 2
** Princess Mafalda of Savoy (d. 1944)
** Prince Rostislav Alexandrovich of Russia (d. 1978)
* November 9 – Anthony Asquith, British film director (d. 1968)
* November 17 – Eugene Wigner, Hungarian physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
* November 21 – Mikhail Suslov, Soviet politician (d. 1982)
* November 22 – Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, French general (d. 1947)
* November 23 – Victor Jory, Canadian actor (d. 1982)
* November 30 – Hussein ibn Nasser, 8th Prime Minister of Jordan (d. 1982)
December
* December 1 – Trần Văn Hương, South Vietnamese politician, 3rd President of the Republic of Vietnam, President of South Vietnam, 3rd Leaders of South Vietnam#Vice Presidents, Vice President of South Vietnam, and 3rd Prime Minister of the Republic of Vietnam, Prime Minister of South Vietnam (d. 1982) * December 2 – Wifredo Lam, Cuban artist (d. 1982) * December 3 – Mitsuo Fuchida, Japanese aviator, naval officer, and Christian evangelist (d. 1976) * December 5 ** Emeric Pressburger, Hungarian-born British film director (d. 1988) ** Strom Thurmond, American politician (d. 2003) * December 9 – Margaret Hamilton (actress), Margaret Hamilton, American actress (d. 1985) * December 14 – Frances Bavier, American stage and television actress (d. 1989) * December 19 – Ralph Richardson, English actor (d. 1983) * December 20 – Prince George, Duke of Kent (d. 1942) * December 23 ** Norman Maclean, American author (d. 1990) ** Charan Singh, 5th Prime Minister of India (d. 1987) * December 25 – Barton MacLane, American actor (d. 1969) * December 28 ** Mortimer J. Adler, American philosopher (d. 2001) ** Shen Congwen, Chinese writer (d. 1988)Date unknown
* Nazem Akkari, 19th Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 1985)Deaths
January–June
* January 5 – Martis Karin Ersdotter, Swedish businesswoman (born 1829)
* January 11 – Johnny Briggs (cricketer), Johnny Briggs, English cricketer (b. 1862)
* January 30
Events Pre-1600
* 1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen.
* 1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom.
1601–1900
* 1607 – An es ...
– François Claude du Barail, French general and Ministry of War (France), Minister of War (b. 1820)
* February 6 – Clémence Royer, French scholar (b. 1830)
* February 15
Events Pre-1600
* 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus
* 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia.
* 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Ti ...
– Viggo Hørup, Danish politician (b. 1841)
* February 18
Events Pre-1600
* 3102 BC – Kali Yuga, the fourth and final yuga of Hinduism, starts with the death of Krishna.
* 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining J ...
– Albert Bierstadt, German-born American painter (b. 1830)
* February 26 – Edward Henry Cooper, British army officer and politician (b. 1827)
* February 27
Events Pre-1600
* 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity.
* 425 – The University of Constantin ...
** Breaker Morant
Harry Harbord "Breaker" Morant (born Edwin Henry Murrant, 9 December 1864 – 27 February 1902) was an English horseman, bush balladist, military officer, and war criminal who was convicted and executed for murdering nine prisoners-of-war ...
, Australian soldier (executed) (b. 1864)
** Peter Handcock
Peter Joseph Handcock (17 February 1868 – 27 February 1902) was an Australian-born veterinary lieutenant and convicted war criminal who served in the Bushveldt Carbineers during the Boer War in South Africa.
After a court martial, Handcock ...
, Australian soldier (executed) (b. 1869)
* March 3 – Isaäc Dignus Fransen van de Putte, 11th Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1822)
* March 7
Events Pre-1600
* 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius.
* 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cobl ...
– Pud Galvin, American baseball player, MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1856)
* March 11 – Friedrich Engelhorn, German industrialist, founder of BASF (b. 1821)
* March 12 – John Peter Altgeld, American politician, 20th Governor of Illinois (b. 1847)
* March 15
Events Pre-1600
* 474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years truce.
* 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar, the dictator of the Roman R ...
– Sir Richard Temple, 1st Baronet, British colonial administrator of India (b. 1826)
* March 23 – Kálmán Tisza, Hungarian politician, former Prime Minister (b. 1830)
* March 26 – Cecil Rhodes, British imperialist (b. 1853)
* March 29 – Andrew Clarke (British Army officer, born 1824), Sir Andrew Clarke, British army officer and colonial governor (b. 1824)
* April 3 – Esther Hobart Morris, American suffragist judge (b. 1814)
* April 8 – John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley, British politician (b. 1826)
* April 11
Events Pre-1600
* 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.
* 1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi.
*1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferra ...
– Wade Hampton III, Confederate soldier and South Carolina politician (b. 1818)
* April 15 – Jules Dalou, French sculptor (b. 1838)
* April 17 – Francis, Duke of Cádiz, former king consort of Spain (b. 1822)
* April 19
Events Pre-1600
*AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Pisonian conspiracy, Piso's plot to kill the Roman emperor, Emperor Nero and all of the List of conspiracies (political), conspirators are arrested.
* 531 – Battle of Callini ...
– Hans von Pechmann, German chemist (b. 1850)
* April 26 – Lazarus Fuchs, German mathematician (b. 1833)
* April 28 – Sol Smith Russell, American comedian (b. 1848)
* May – Harriet Abbott Lincoln Coolidge, American philanthropist, author and reformer (b. 1849)
* May 5 – Bret Harte, American writer (b. 1836)
* May 6
** Martha Perry Lowe, American social activist and organizer (b. 1829)
** William T. Sampson, American admiral (b. 1840)
* May 7 – Agostino Roscelli, Italian priest, founder of the Institute of Sisters of the Immaculata (b. 1818)
* May 26 – Almon Brown Strowger, American inventor (b. 1839)
* June 5 – Louis J. Weichmann, American witness to the assassination of Abraham Lincoln (b. 1842)
* June 8 – Charles Ingalls, American pioneer and father of Laura Ingalls Wilder (b. 1836)
* June 10
** Jacint Verdaguer, Catalan poet (b. 1845)
** Auguste Schmidt, German educator, activist (b. 1833)
* June 18 – Samuel Butler (novelist), Samuel Butler, British author (b. 1835)
* June 19 – Albert, King of Saxony, member of the House of Wettin (b. 1828)
July–December
* July 4 – Swami Vivekananda, Indian religious leader (b. 1863)
* July 6 – Maria Goretti, Italian Roman Catholic virgin, martyr and saint (b. 1890)
* July 16 – Henry Dunning Macleod, Scottish economist (b. 1821)
* July 18 – Saigō Jūdō, Japanese general, admiral, and politician (b. 1843)
* July 27 – Gustave Trouvé, French electrical engineer and inventor (b. 1839)
* August 8 – James Tissot, French artist (b. 1836)
* August 31 – Mathilde Wesendonck, German poet (b. 1828)
* September 5 – Rudolf Virchow, German scientist, politician (b. 1821)
* September 6
** Sir Frederick Abel, British chemist (b. 1827)
** Hammerton Killick, Haitian admiral (b. 1856)
** Winfield Scott Stratton, American mining prospector and philanthropist (b. 1848)
* September 7 – William N. Roach, American politician and member of the United States Senate from 1893 to 1899 (b. 1840)
* September 15 – Horace Gray, American jurist (b. 1828)
* September 18 – Thorborg Rappe, Swedish social reformer (b. 1832)
* September 19 – Masaoka Shiki, Japanese haiku poet (b. 1867)
* September 23 – John Wesley Powell, American explorer (b. 1834)
* September 26 – Levi Strauss, German-born American inventor of Levi's Jeans (b. 1829)
* September 28 – John Marks Moore, American politician (b. 1853)
* September 29
** William McGonagall, Scottish doggerel poet (b. 1825)
** Émile Zola, French author (b. 1840)
* September 30 – James Edward Jouett, American admiral (b. 1826)
* October 6
** John Hall Gladstone, British chemist (b. 1827)
** Liu Kunyi, Chinese general (b. 1830)
* October 25 – Frank Norris, American novelist (b. 1870)
* October 26 – Elizabeth Cady Stanton, American activist (b. 1815)
* November 4 – Hale Johnson, American politician (b. 1847)
* November 17 – Hugh Price Hughes, Welsh social reformer (b. 1847)
* November 22
** Friedrich Alfred Krupp, German industrialist (b. 1854)
** Walter Reed, American army physician (b. 1851)
* December 2 – Count Richard Belcredi, former Prime minister of the Austrian Empire (b. 1823)
* December 3
** Prudente de Morais, 3rd President of Brazil (b. 1841)
** Robert Lawson (architect), Robert Lawson, New Zealand architect (b. 1833)
* December 4 – Charles Dow, American journalist, co-founder of Dow Jones & Company (b. 1851)
* December 5 – Johannes Wislicenus, German chemist (b. 1835)
* December 6 – Alice Freeman Palmer, American educator (b. 1855)
* December 7 – Thomas Nast, American caricaturist, cartoonist (b. 1840)Bryant, Edward. "Nast, Thomas". In ''Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online''. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
* December 11 – Mary Mathews Adams, Irish-born American philanthropist (b. 1840)
* December 14 – Julia Grant, First Lady of the United States (b. 1826)
* December 22 – Richard von Krafft-Ebing, German sexologist (b. 1840)
* December 23 – Frederick Temple, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1821)
Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Hendrik Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Emil Fischer * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – Sir Ronald Ross * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Theodor Mommsen * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Élie Ducommun and Charles Albert GobatReferences
Further reading and year books
* Colby, Frank Moore ed. ''he International Yearbook A Compendium Of The Worlds Progress During The Year 1902'' (1903) coverage of each statonline
*
''1902 Annual Cyclopedia'' (1903) online
highly detailed coverage of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry" for 1902; massive compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage; 865pp * Wall, Edgar G. ed. ''The British Empire yearbook'' (1903), 1276pp; covers 190
online
* Gilbert, Martin. ''A History of the Twentieth Century: vol. 1 1900-1933'' (1997) pp 55–68; global coverage of politics, diplomacy and warfare. {{DEFAULTSORT:1902 1902,