The 18th Division (''18. Division'') was a unit of the

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. It was formed on October 11, 1866, and was headquartered in

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. The division was subordinated in peacetime to the IX Army Corps (''IX. Armeekorps''). The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after

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. The division was recruited primarily in

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Combat chronicle

In the

Franco-Prussian War The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. Lasting from 19 July 1870 to 28 Janua ...

of 1870–71, the 18th Infantry Division saw action in the battles of Colombey and Gravelotte and in the Siege of Metz. After the Battle of Noiseville, the division entered the Loire campaign, fighting in the battles of 2nd Orléans, Beaugency-Cravant, and

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. During the opening phases of World War I, the 18th Infantry Division participated in the

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, the Allied

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, the

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, and the

First Battle of the Aisne The First Battle of the Aisne () was the Allied follow-up offensive against the right wing of the German First Army (led by Alexander von Kluck) and the Second Army (led by Karl von Bülow) as they retreated after the First Battle of the ...

. In 1916, it saw action in the

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, and in 1917 it was involved in the Battles of

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and Passchendaele. In 1918, it participated in the

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and the subsequent Allied counteroffensives, including the

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. Allied intelligence rated it a first class division.

Order of battle in the Franco-Prussian War

During wartime, the 18th Division, like other regular German divisions, was redesignated an infantry division. The organization of the 18th Infantry Division in 1870 at the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War was as follows: *35. Infanterie-Brigade **Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 25 **Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 84 *36. Infanterie-Brigade **Grenadier-Regiment Nr. 11 **Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 85 *Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 9 *Dragoner-Regiment Nr. 6

Pre-World War I organization

German divisions underwent various organizational changes after the Franco-Prussian War. The organization of the 18th Division in 1914, shortly before the outbreak of World War I, was as follows:''Rangliste der Königlich Preußischen Armee'' (1914), pp. 83–84. *35. Infanterie-Brigade **Infanterie-Regiment von Manstein (Schleswigsches) Nr. 84 **Füsilier-Regiment Königin (Schleswig-Holsteinisches) Nr. 86 *36. Infanterie-Brigade **Infanterie-Regiment Graf Bose (1. Thüringisches) Nr. 31 **Infanterie-Regiment Herzog von Holstein (Holsteinisches) Nr. 85 *18. Kavallerie-Brigade: **Husaren-Regiment Königin Wilhelmina der Niederlande (Hannoversches) Nr. 15 **Husaren-Regiment Kaiser Franz Joseph von Österreich, König von Ungarn (Schleswig-Holsteinisches) Nr. 16 *18. Feldartillerie-Brigade: **Feldartillerie-Regiment General-Feldmarschall Graf Waldersee (Schleswigsches) Nr. 9 **Lauenburgisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 45 *Landwehr-Inspektion Altona

Order of battle on mobilization

On mobilization in August 1914 at the beginning of

, most divisional cavalry, including brigade headquarters, was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units. Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters. The 18th Division was again renamed the 18th Infantry Division. The 18th Infantry Division's initial wartime organization was as follows:Cron et al., ''Ruhmeshalle'' *35. Infanterie-Brigade **Infanterie-Regiment von Manstein (Schleswigsches) Nr. 84 **Füsilier-Regiment Königin (Schleswig-Holsteinisches) Nr. 86 *36. Infanterie-Brigade **Infanterie-Regiment Graf Bose (1. Thüringisches) Nr. 31 **Infanterie-Regiment Herzog von Holstein (Holsteinisches) Nr. 85 *3. Eskadron/2. Hannoversches Dragoner-Regiment Nr. 16 *18. Feldartillerie-Brigade: **Feldartillerie-Regiment General-Feldmarschall Graf Waldersee (Schleswigsches) Nr. 9 **Lauenburgisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 45 *2. Kompanie/Schleswig-Holsteinisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 9 *3. Kompanie/Schleswig-Holsteinisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 9

Late World War I organization

Divisions underwent many changes during the war, with regiments moving from division to division, and some being destroyed and rebuilt. During the war, most divisions became

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- one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments (a "

square division A square division is a designation given to the way military divisions are organized. In a square organization, the division's main body is composed of four "maneuver," i.e., infantry regimental elements. Other types of regiments, such as artiller ...

"). An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters, the cavalry was further reduced, the engineer contingent was increased, and a divisional signals command was created. The 18th Infantry Division's order of battle on March 8, 1918, was as follows: *36. Infanterie-Brigade **Infanterie-Regiment Graf Bose (1. Thüringisches) Nr. 31 **Infanterie-Regiment Herzog von Holstein (Holsteinisches) Nr. 85 **Füsilier-Regiment Königin (Schleswig-Holsteinisches) Nr. 86 **Maschinengewehr-Scharfschützen-Abteilung Nr. 48 *2.Eskadron/2. Hannoversches Dragoner-Regiment Nr. 16 *Artillerie-Kommandeur 18 **Lauenburgisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 45 **II.Bataillon/Fußartillerie-Regiment Nr. 28 *Stab Schleswig-Holsteinisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 9 **2. Kompanie/Schleswig-Holsteinisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 9 **3. Kompanie/Schleswig-Holsteinisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 9 **Minenwerfer-Kompanie Nr. 18 *Divisions-Nachrichten-Kommandeur 18

References

18. Infanterie-Division (Chronik 1914/1918) - Der erste Weltkrieg
* Claus von Bredow, bearb., ''Historische Rang- und Stammliste des deutschen Heeres'' (1905) * Hermann Cron et al., ''Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee'' (Berlin, 1935) * Hermann Cron, ''Geschichte des deutschen Heeres im Weltkriege 1914–1918'' (Berlin, 1937) * Günter Wegner, ''Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815–1939.'' (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1 * ''Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914–1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919'' (1920)

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:18 Infantry divisions of Germany in World War I Military units and formations established in 1866 Military units and formations disestablished in 1919 1866 establishments in Prussia